用户名: 密码: 验证码:
从心胆论治针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)是一种退行性关节疾病,又称增生性关节炎、退行性关节炎,是一种主要侵害关节软骨、骨和滑膜组织,导致关节疼痛、畸形和功能障碍,从而影响病人活动能力的慢性进行性骨关节病,肩增龄性疾患。据统计,50岁以上人群中,骨性关节炎在可导致长期残疾的疾病中仅次于心血管疾病排名第二。基于此项调查,骨性关节炎致残比例在人群中约占2%-6%。因此,骨性关节炎是导致中老年人群功能残疾、造成经济损失和影响社会发展的主要疾病之一。
     骨性关节炎具有临床、病理和影像学多重定义;在其疾病发生与发展过程中,在全身因素和局部因素综合作用下,关节软骨发生生化、代谢和结构改变,最终出现关节软骨软化、破溃和局部剥脱以及关节边缘骨与软骨赘生物形成等病理改变,并引起相应临床症状。
     骨性关节炎的治疗目标是控制疼痛、改善关节功能和生活质量,尽可能避免治疗的毒副作用。目前,骨性关节炎缺乏确切有效的治愈手段。但是,针对患者设计的个体化治疗方案可以减轻疼痛、保持或改善关节活动度,减缓关节功能的受损。而当内科保守治疗无效,日常活动进行性受限时,应该考虑关节镜清理、截骨术和关节置换手术等外科治疗。目前,软骨移植、氨基葡萄糖、针对炎性因子或细胞内与炎症相关的信号分子的生物治疗手段的研究进展也为骨性关节炎的治疗开辟了新的研究方向。
     目的
     通过随机对照研究评价从心胆论治针灸方法对膝骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)的临床疗效,以期为临床治疗该病提供有力的参考。
     研究方法
     采用随机对照的临床研究方法,将符合纳入标准的OA患者60例为研究对象按1∶1比例随机分为两组,分为心胆论治治疗组(治疗组)和常规针刺对照组(对照组),每组各30例。治疗组选用内关(左右交替)、阳陵(患侧)、气海和水分针刺治疗,针后加心俞、胆俞(均双侧)麦粒灸,心俞、胆俞(均左右交替)皮内针治疗;对照组选用外膝眼、阴陵泉、内外膝眼、阿是穴(均为患侧),针后加脾俞、膀胱俞(均双侧)麦粒灸,脾俞、膀胱俞(均左右交替)皮内针治疗;每周治疗2次,5次为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程,两组治疗方法和疗程相同。治疗前和疗程结束后分别观察患者的一般情况、中医临床症状、WOMAC Index of OA(加拿大)临床症状测定评分标准、膝退行性骨关节炎症状分级量化表、疼痛量表和生存质量,并随时记录研究过程中的不良反应及副作用,分类资料用x2检验,等级资料用两样本比较Wilcoxon秩和检验(校正),两样本均数比较用t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,自身前后比较用配对t检验或Wilcoxon配对秩和检验。统计计算采用SPSS17.0统计软件完成统计分析。
     结果
     治疗前,心胆论治治疗组和常规针刺对照组在一般项目、临床症状、WOMAC Index of OA(加拿大)临床症状测定评分、膝退行性骨关节炎症状分级量化表、McGill简氏疼痛量评分和生存质量SF-36积分均有可比性(P>0.05);
     三个疗法后,发现:
     1、在中医症状评分方面:治疗前两组中医症状评分比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间具有可比性;两组治疗后与治疗前比较中医症状评分均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明治疗组和对照组均能改善OA患者症状,且治疗组的作用优于对照组(P<0.05)。
     2、在中医症状、体征量表评分方面,两组患者中医症状、体征量表评分判定疗效比较,P<0.05,差别有统计学意义。“
     3、在膝骨性关节炎WOMACI指数方面,治疗前两组膝骨性关节炎WOMACI指数比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间具有可比性;两组治疗后与治疗前比较膝骨性关节炎WOMACI指数均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明治疗组和对照组均能改善OA患者膝骨性关节炎WOMACI指数,且治疗组的作用优于对照组(P<0.05)。
     4、在McGill简氏疼痛量评分方面,治疗后,治疗组McGill简氏疼痛量评分与治疗前相较明显降低,P>0.001;对照组组内治疗前后McGill简氏疼痛量评分比较,P<0.001;治疗后两组间McGill简氏疼痛量评分比较,P<0.05。
     5、在X光片检查分度变化方面,两组患者X光片检查分度比较,P>0.05,差别没有统计学意义。
     6、在生存质量量表SF-36积分方面,治疗前后比较,治疗组在生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、社会功能、情感职能、精力、精神健康等七个方面均明显提高,差异具有显著性(P<0.01~0.001);对照组在所有的组成成分积分也均有提高,其中只有在生理机能、精力方面、躯体疼痛三个方面与治疗前比较时,差异具有显著性(P<0.05~0.001)。②两组治疗后比较,治疗组在所有数据上均高于对照组,且在生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、精力、情感职能、精神健康六方面具有显著性差异(P<0.05~0.001)结果表明治疗组在提高生活质量方面优于对照组。
     结论
     心胆论治治疗组和常规对照组除X光片检查分度,对膝骨性关节炎病患者的中医症状评分、功能障碍、WOMACI指数、McGill简氏疼痛量评分和生存质量量表SF-36积分均有改善作用,其中治疗组疗效优于对照组。
Objective
     Evaluation of a randomized controlled clinical study of acuPuncture treatment from the heart on the method of bile osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis, OA) efficacy in order to Provide reference for clinical treatment. Research Methods
     A randomized controlled clinical research methods, the OA Patients met the inclusion criteria for the study 60 Patients were randomly divided into two grouPs according to the ratio of 1:1, on the Treatment of bile into the heart treatment grouP (treatment grouP) and routine acuPuncture grouP (control grouP),30 Patients in each grouP. Used in the treatment grouP off (left turn), Yang Ling (affected side), air sea and water acuPuncture, needles, add Xinshu Dan shu(both sides) moxibustion, Xinshu Dan shu (both left and right alternate) intradermal acuPuncture; the control grouP used the eye outside the knee, Yin Ling Quan, internal and external knee eyes, Ashi Points (all iPsilateral), needle added Pishu, Pangguangshu (both sides) moxibustion, Pishu, Pangguangshu (both left and right turn) intradermal needle theraPy; two treatment methods and treatment the same. Before and after treatment were observed with treatment, including laboratory tests, including general Project, clinical symPtoms, WOMAC Index of OA (Canada) Determination of the clinical symPtoms score, grading the symPtoms of knee osteoarthritis quantization tables, Pain scale, and quality of life, and to keeP records of adverse reactions during the study and side effects, using statistical software SPSS17.0 software for statistical analysis.
     Results
     Before treatment, the grouP by treatment based on the theory of heart and gall bladder from TCM concePy and control-grouP Projects in general, clinical symPtoms, WOMAC Index of OA (Canada) Determination of rates of clinical symPtoms, symPtoms of knee osteoarthritis grading quantization table, McGill amount of Jane's Pain score and quality of life (SF-36) Points were comParable (P> 0.05);
     After three treatments, found that:
     1, In terms of Chinese medicine symPtom scores:Chinese medicine symPtom score before treatment, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), were comParable between the two grouPs; the two grouPs before and after treatment, clinical symPtoms and treatment scores were lower, the difference statistically significant (P<0.01), that the treatment grouP and control grouP of Patients can imProve symPtoms of OA, and the effect of the treatment grouP than the control grouP (P<0.05).
     2, In the clinical symPtoms and signs scale score, the two grouPs of Patients with clinical symPtoms and signs, to determine efficacy scale scores comPared, P<0.05, difference statistically significant.
     3, WOMACI index in knee osteoarthritis:the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee WOMACI first two indices, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), comParable between the two grouPs; the two grouPs before and after treatment of knee Osteoarthritis WOMACI index lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01), that the treatment grouP and control grouP Patients with knee OA can imProve osteoarthritis WOMACI index, and the effect of the treatment grouP than the control grouP (P<0.05.)
     4, in the amount of the McGill Pain score, Jane's, the treatment, the treatment grouP, the amount of McGill, Jane's Pain score was significantly lower comPared with that before treatment, P> 0.001; before and after treatment the control-grouP in the amount of McGill, Jane's Pain scores, P< 0.001; between the two grouPs after treatment, the amount of McGill, Jane's Pain scores, P<0.05.
     5, In the indexing change of X-ray examination, the two grouPs were sub-degree X-ray examination comParison, P> 0.05, difference not statistically significant.
     6, In the quality of life scale SF-36 Points, the before and after treatment, the treatment grouP in Physical function, Physical function, bodily Pain, general health, social function, emotional function, energy, mental health were significantly increased in seven areas The difference was significant (P<0.01 ~ 0.001); control Points in all comPonents also have increased only in the Physiological function, energy, the body in three asPects of Pain before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.05 ~ 0.001).②the two grouPs after treatment, the treatment grouP were higher in all the data, and in Physiological function, Physiological function, bodily Pain, energy, emotional function, mental health has six significant differences (P <0.05 ~ 0.001) The results showed that the treatment grouP in imProving the quality of life better than the control grouP.
     Conclusion
     1. Heart and gallbladder on the Treatment of conventional treatment grouP, control grouP of Patients can imProve symPtoms of OA, and the efficacy of the treatment grouP than the control grouP.
     2. Heart and gallbladder on the Treatment of conventional treatment grouP, control grouP Patients with OA can imProve Pain, stiffness and dysfunction, reduced knee WOMACI index, and the efficacy of the treatment grouP than the control grouP.
     3. Heart and gallbladder on the Treatment of conventional treatment grouP, control grouP of OA joint X-ray films were quite effective indexing changes.
     4. Heart and gallbladder on the Treatment of conventional treatment grouP, the control grouP on the SF-36 has changed the role of each comPonent, and the efficacy of the treatment grouP than the control grouP.
     The results show:from the heart-gall bladder acuPuncture treatment of OA treatment can be more effective imProvement of microcirculation, elimination of venous stasis state, not only the blood circulation and metabolism have imProved, so that locally generated material to clear the Pain caused to relieve knee joint local Pain, swelling and other symPtoms; while also imProving Patient quality of life and Pain scores. And easy to oPerate, no side effects, Patient easy to accePt, is a safe and effective method, it is worth in clinical Practice and further research.
引文
[1]刘定安,雷波,杨少锋.化痰软坚法治疗骨性关节病35例报告[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,1998.6(2):38-39.
    [2]严培军,孙玉明.周福贻从痰瘀水论治膝关节骨性关节炎176例[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版).2000,16(4):249.
    [3]陈广祯,李心沁.梁安民,等.从瘀血痰湿论治膝关节骨性关节炎[J].中医正骨.1998.4(3):31.
    [4]杜双庆,杜景华,赵建.养阴清润化浊法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎体会[J].新中医,2002,54(10):69-70.
    [5]王敖明,邱德华,石仰山.石氏调中保元汤治疗老年性膝关节病[J].上海中医药杂志.2001,7:34-35.
    [6]徐传毅,樊粤光.宁显明.肾虚血瘀与膝骨性关节炎关系初探新[J].新中医,2002.34(3):7-9.
    [7]谢林.郭振球.膝关节退行性骨关节病与血瘀证[J].湖南中医学院学报.1996,16(3):75-77.
    [8]吕同杰.略谈增生性关节炎的中医药治疗[J].山东中医杂志.1994.1:1
    [9]李同生.李强,王胜利.补肾健骨汤治疗骨性关节病的临床研究[J].中国中医骨伤科,1993,1(1):18-22.
    [10]沈霖补肾健骨汤对膝关节病患者氧自由基代谢的影响[J].中国骨伤.1996,9(4):8-10,63-64
    [11]吴泳听.肖汉,吴生元.补中桂枝汤治疗退行性骨关节病83例[J]四川中医,2002,20(2):63-64.
    [12]吴林生,金嫣丽.中药及手法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎121例疗效分析[J]中医杂志,1995,34(12):742-743
    [13]朱正刚.疗骨丸治疗膝关节增生性关节炎42例临床观察[J].中医杂志,1992,33(11):38-39,
    [14]雷波,刘定安.从瘀血痰湿论治膝关节骨关节病48例临床观察[J].湖南中医杂志,1999,15(2):12-13.
    [15]陈炳坤.当归四逆汤加减治疗膝关节骨性关节炎85例疗效观察[J].中医正骨,1995,7(5):30-51
    [16]王玉明女性膝骨性关节炎从肝论治90例临床观察[J].北京中医,2001,(6):29-50.
    [17]刘金陵补肝汤加减治疗骨性膝关节炎76例[J].广西中医杂志,1995,18(2): 10-11.
    [18]王少山,张世华,邱红明,等.国家中医行业标准《中医病证诊断疗效标准》北京:中医药出版社,2002.
    [19]王和鸣.中西医结合临床丛书骨科学.北京:北京科学技术出版社,2007:891-892.
    [20]姚共和.刘向前.膝关节骨关节炎基本证候及其分布特点的研究[J].中医药学刊,2005,25(9):23-24.
    [21]路志正,焦树德.实用中医风湿病学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:610-611.
    [22]王少山,张世华,邱红明,等.骨病中西医结合诊疗学.北京:中医药出版社.2002:547.
    [23]黄枫,郑晓辉.陈基长教授治疗膝骨性关节炎经验介绍[J].新中医,2005.37(6):11-12
    [24]娄玉钤中国风湿病学.北京:人民卫生出版社.2001:23-28.
    [25]周文泉,李祥国.中医老年医学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:940-941.
    [26]刘洪旺,刘志刚,孙宝金.退行性膝关节骨性关节病的中医辨证施治[J].中国骨伤,1997,10(4):27
    [26]吴登清.自拟骨质灵治疗628例骨质增生症的临床研究[J].甘肃中医,1996,9(6):9
    [27]刘向前,膝关节骨关节炎中医诊疗方案范化研究ZD3.湖南中医学院博士学位论文,2004:0601
    [28]刘坤,李盛华.补肾活血方治疗膝骨性关节炎103例[J].河南中医,2004,24(3):45
    [29]邓晋丰,钟广铃.骨伤科专病中医临床诊治.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:304
    [30]吴涛.补肾益气活血法治疗骨性关节病54例[J].云南中医药杂志,1998:19(2):1
    [31]李康,张卫红.早期膝关节骨性关节炎76例治疗小结[J].中医正骨,1998:10(4);42
    [30]杜见斌.益肝补肾通络法治疗骨性关节炎96例EJ3.山东中医杂志,1992,11(1):19
    [33]唐华伟,洪时清.从肝肾阴虚论治骨性关节炎324例疗效分析[J].中医正骨,1995,7(5):3
    [34]刘玉兰,中医治疗骨性关节炎疼痛136例[Y].江苏中医,1997,18卷
    [36]邓伟,钟宇芳.疏肝养营法治疗膝骨性关节炎[J].中药材,2005,28(1):75-76
    [37]黄肖华,朱少廷.疏肝祛瘀法治疗膝骨性关节炎临床观察-朱少廷经验总结.中医正骨 [J].2006。18(3):63
    [38]程国杰,吕发明,阿布都热合曼,等.柔筋补脾法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床研究.中医正骨[J],2005,17(10):25,27
    [39]陈炳坤.当归四逆汤加减治疗膝关节骨性关节炎85例疗效观察[J].中医正骨,1995,7(5):30-31
    [40]惠礽华,盂祥奇,姜宏.从痰湿瘀论治膝骨性关节炎的临床观察[J].中医正骨,2007,19(2):12-13
    [41]余建设,杨新江,许映,等.中药热熨法治疗骨关节病45例[J].安徽中医临床杂志,1997,9(4):195-196.
    [42]程亭秀.冬病夏治中药热敷治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效观察[J].中国骨伤,2004,17(5):276.
    [43]高翔,吴韬,藤松茂,等.华伤膝1号熨疗治疗膝关节病103例[J].中医外治,2001,10(5):6.
    [44]周启慧.通痹止痛膏治疗原发性骨性关节炎120例总结.湖南中医杂志,2002,18(1):13.
    [45]姜洪洋,薛剑冰.中药熏洗治疗膝关节骨性关节炎120例报告.中医正骨,2004,16(7):50.
    [46]唐广应.中药熏洗治疗膝关节骨性关节炎30例报告.贵阳中医学院学报,2005,27(1):44-45.
    [47]刘耘.中药熏洗湿敷法治疗骨关节病73例临床观察[J].中国中医骨伤科,1997,5(3):31.
    [48]卢勇,吕发明,孟庆才.天龙镇痛溶液治疗膝关节骨性关节炎356例报告[J].中医正骨,1996,8(5):26.
    [49]梁志强,张葆青,石宁雄.金桂外洗方湿敷治疗膝关节骨性关节炎[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2002,19(1):20.
    [50]王少伟,李伟居,黄桂忠.中药熏洗配合手法按摩治疗膝关节骨性关节炎100例疗效观察.新中医.2007,39(1):28.
    [51]顾凯平,张飞飞.中药熏蒸治膝骨性关节炎临床疗效观察.江西中医药.2003.34(12):25.
    [52]刘金文,冯立科,许少健.金桂外洗方对膝骨性关节炎患者生存质量的改善作用.中医药临床杂志,2004,16(1):47.
    [53]沈杰枫.伤药Ⅱ号外敷治疗膝关节骨关节炎66例[J].山东中医药大学学报,1999,23(6):448-449.
    [54]吴建民,宁贵杰.自拟二乌南星散酒炒外敷治疗膝关节骨关节病[J].中医正骨,2000,1(12):10.
    [55]张夫山,程仙甫,姚银仙.温经药泥治疗增生性膝关节炎[J].中国骨伤,2000,13(2):119.
    [56]何羿婷,方坚,彭剑虹,等.雷公藤涂膜剂治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2007,21(4):278-280.
    [57]郑昱新,詹红生,张琥,等.奇正青鹏膏剂治疗膝骨性关节炎的随机对照临床研究.中国骨伤,2006。19(5):316.
    [58]陈利新,马少云.中药离子导入治疗膝关节骨性关节炎400例临床报告.医学理论与实践,2003,16(5):557-558.
    [59]刁维珍。毕鸿雁,伊长松.中药离子导入治疗退行性膝骨性关节炎1000例疗效分析.山东中医药大学学报。2003.27(3):199.
    [60]颜玉莲,熊桂仙.王宗春,等.二乌离子导入液治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效观察.中国药师,2000。3(3):179.
    [61]雷明,陈红明.综合疗法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎46例.新中医,2005,37(6).71
    [62]许学猛,邓晋丰,许树柴.中药内外兼治治疗退行性膝关节病的临床研究.中国中医骨伤科杂志,2000,8(6):21
    [63]孔熙春.腾药梅花针组合治疗膝骨性关节炎50例临床报道.中国中医骨伤科杂志,2002.10(4):37
    [64]杨向炎.手法及中药为主综合治疗膝关节骨关节炎.浙江中西医结合杂志.2004.14(2):116
    [65]李晓昊,黄清春,沈鹰,等,单刺曲池穴治疗膝关节骨关节炎68例[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(20):4027-4028.
    [66]陈小凯,吴虹.巨刺治疗膝骨性关节炎81例疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2003,19(8):53.
    [67]张必萌,吴耀持,沈健.长针透刺治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究[J].中国针灸,2004,24(9):613.614.
    [68]黄静.瘢痕灸治疗膝骨性关节炎50例疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2002,18(3):44-45.
    [69]常英,何君君.针刀松解术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎40例[J].陕西中医,2005,26(8):828-829.
    [70]祝东升,邹世忠,王桂业.小针刀治疗膝关节增生性关节炎133例[J].北京中医药大学学报,1995,18(3):56.
    [71]林国华,李万瑶,苏国龙,等.温针治疗膝骨性关节炎40例疗效观察[J].新中医,2004,36(10):48-49.
    [72]李永红,王小兵.温针灸治疗骨性关节病50例效果观察[J].临床误诊误治,2006,19(12):58-59.
    [73]李常度,黄信勇,杨旭光,等.温针灸治疗虚寒型膝骨性关节炎疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2006,26(3):189-191.
    [74]曹银香,杨少军.温针灸治疗骨性膝关节炎42例[J].陕西中医,2006,27(5):604.
    [75]裘敏蕾,戴琪萍,车涛等.电针膝眼穴治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究[J].中医正骨,2006,18(3):15-17.
    [76]张宜.针刺治疗膝骨性关节炎发作的临床观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2003,12(22):2406-2407.
    [77]丁青.针灸治疗膝关节骨性关节炎[J].实用医药杂志,2005,22(11):985.
    [78]李兰敏,张立夫,杨会道.电针治疗中老年骨性关节炎165例[J].针灸临床杂志,1997。13(10):27
    [79]陶群,陆惠新.腹针配合局部取穴治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2003,23(12):719-720.
    [80]陈一凡,谭少明.穴注治疗膝关节退行性变106例疗效观察[J].长春中医学院学报,2000,16(1):3.
    [81]陈玉玲.综合疗法治疗膝关节骨关节炎82例临床观察[J].针灸临床杂志,1996,12(3):16-17.
    [82]何成奇,熊恩富,熊素芳等.穴位注射与运动疗法治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究.针刺研究,2000;25(3):230-231.
    [83]温伟强,黎德育,朱辉军.蜂针加补肾活血方治疗膝关节骨关节炎43例.北京中医杂志,2003:3(22):13-14.
    [84]王金庸,王孟林,王润洲.中医蜂疗学.沈阳:沈阳出版社,1997;551-556.
    [85]金永明,姜作彦,孔旭萍.火针治疗膝关节骨关节炎110例.中国针灸,2000;8(8):503.
    [86]李萍,王黎明.火针治疗退行性膝关节炎41例.辽宁中医杂志,2002;29(10):614.
    [87]滕蔚然,杜宁,史炜镇.手法治疗膝骨关节病对膝关节功能改善的研究[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2000,8(5):64.
    [88]王学荣.推拿治疗膝关节骨性关节炎100例[J].浙江中医杂志,1995,30(5):209.
    [89]陈晓庆.中医治疗膝关节骨性关节炎述要[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2005,8(2):54-55
    [90]汪利合。点穴加旋转屈伸手法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎[J].中国民间疗法,2002,10(11):29.
    [91]刘献祥.四步推拿法治疗膝关节骨关节炎90例报告[J].中医正骨,2006,18(4):23-24
    [92]杨文鹤.针药并治膝骨性关节炎47例[J].新中医,1999,31(3):18-19
    [93]任树军,石义军,王东军.针灸配合中药内服外洗治疗膝骨性关节炎[J].中医 正骨,2006,18(4):25-26
    [94]吴红英.针灸中药结合治疗膝骨性关节炎45例疗效观察[J].亚太传统医药,2008,10(4):116-117.
    [95]童惠云,李秀彬.电针膝眼穴治疗膝骨性关节炎临床研究[J].针灸临床杂志,2006,22(12):10-11.
    [96]贾杰,毛光兰,胡少晖等.针刺联合功能训练对老年膝骨性关节炎的干预效果[J]中国临床康复,2005,9(10):18-19.
    [97]邱玲,李民,卢林.围针针刺法治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床观察[J].四川中医,2002,20(11):76-77.
    [98]朱鼎成.一指禅手法结合中药熏蒸治疗老年膝骨性关节炎[J].按摩与导引,2005,21(7):2-3.
    [99]齐越峰,刘式明,赵兴玮,等.四种方法治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效分析[J].中医正骨,2006,18(3):19-20
    [101]吕厚山.骨关节炎的诊治与研究进展FJ].中国骨质疏松杂志,2004,10(1):7-20
    [102]邱贵兴.骨关节炎流行病学和病因学新进展[J].继续医学教育,2005,19(7):68-69
    [103]王和鸣,李楠.膝骨性关节炎的中医药实验研究进展[J].福建中医学院学2004,14(6):52-53
    [104]陈百成,张静.骨关节炎[M],北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:56
    [105]曹光裕.新加坡中年女性膝关节退变主要因素分析探讨[J].新加坡中医杂志,1998,5(1):50-53
    [106]Felson DT, zhang YQ, Marrian Tetal. Arthritis Rhebm,1997,40 (4): 728-733
    [107]Joseph A. Buckwalter,等,骨科基础学,人民卫生出版社,2001,12:416
    [108]王晶,肖德明,性激素与骨关节炎,中华骨科杂志,2001,1,21(1):50-52
    [109]蒋明,朱立平,林孝义主编,风湿病学[M],北京:科学出版社,1996:1368-1387
    [110]孙嘉利.骨性关节炎的物理疗法研究进展[J].实用医药杂志,2004,21(8):752-755
    [111]娄思权.骨关节炎的病理与发病因素,中华骨科杂志.1996,16(1):56-59.
    [112]吕存贤,王维佳.膝骨性关节炎病因病理研究及中医治疗概况.浙江中医学院报,2005:29(1):82、83.
    [113]张志刚.基质金属蛋白质酶及其抑制剂与疾病的关系.国外医学·生理,病理科学与临床分册,1997,17(4):351.
    [114]倪江东.退行性骨关节病患者膝关节滑液中一氧化氮含量的变化及其意义.湖南医科大学学报,1997,22(4):35.
    [115]Blanco Fj, Ochs RI Schwarz H. Chonclrocyte apoptosis induced nitric oxide. Am J Pathol,1995,146(1):75 ~ 79.
    [116]Stephen MS, Cell death and the caspase cascade, Circulation,1998,97: 227-229
    [117]王群,邵卫.膝骨性关节炎的研究进展.上海医学,1997:20(9):557.
    [118]袁国华.骨关节炎患者血清抗软骨细胞抗体测定及意义.中华风湿学杂志,1997,(1):15.
    [119]贾庆平.类风湿关节炎和骨关节炎患者关节内皮素的测定.中华骨科杂志,1996,35(11):790.
    [120]丁仁奎.膝关节退行性骨关节病与骨质疏松的相关关系研究.湖南医学,1997,14(6):323.
    [121]彭卫国.膝骨性关节炎患者性激素水平测定及临床初步研究.中国现代医学,1998,8(3):12.
    [122]Wyke B. The neurology of joints:a review of general principles [J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl,1967,41 (1):25~50.
    [123]Christensen SB. Osteoarthritis. I. Pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis[J]. Acta Orthop Scand,1985,56(214):2~9.
    [124]Schumacher HR, Cherian PV, Reginato AJ, et al. Intra-articular apatite crystal deposition[J]. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,1983,42 (1):54~ 59.
    [125]Kallakuri,Singh A, Chen C, et al. Demonstration of substance P calci-tonin gene-related peptide, and protein gene product 9.5 containing nerve fibers in human cervical facet joint capsules[J].Spine,2004 29(11):1182~1186.
    [126]Oku R, Satoh M, Fujii N, et al. Calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes mechanical nociception by potentiating release of substance P from the spinal dorsal horn in rats[J]. Brain Res,1987,403 (2):350~354210.
    [127]Lembeck F, Holzer P. Substance P as neurogenic mediator of antidromic vasodilation and neurogenic plasma extravasation [J]. Arch Pharmacol, 1979,310 (2):175~183.
    [128]Ahmed M, Bjurholm A, Schultzberg M, et al. Increased levels of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat adjuvant arthritis [J]. A combined immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay analysis. Arthritis Rheum,1995,38 (5):699~709.
    [129]Kelly WN, Harris ED, Ruddy S, et al. Textbook of Rheumatology [M] Philadelphia:WB Saunders,1989:367~375.
    [130]Patrzck D.Wall(英),Ronald Melzack(加)著.赵宝昌,崔秀云主译.疼痛学[M].
    第3版.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2000:150.
    [131]Partsch G, Matucci2Cerinic M, Marabini S, et al. Collagenase synthesis of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes:dose2dependent stimulation by substance P and capsaicin [J]. Scand J Rheumatol,1991,20(2):98-103.
    [132]Kellgren J H. Pain in osteoarthritis [J]. Journal of Rheumatology,1983,10 (9):108~109.
    [133]Arnoldi CC, Lemperg K, Linderholm H. Intraosseous hypertension and pain in the knee[J]. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery,1975,57(3):360~363.
    [134]Insall J, Shoji h, Mayer V. High tibial osteotomy. A 52year evaluation. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery,1974,56 (7):1 397~1 405.
    [135]陈景藻.现代物理治疗学[M],北京:人民军医出版社,2001:130
    [136]镇方珍,戴淑琦.磁疗治疗软组织损伤的机理研究.湖北医科大学学报,1994,15(1):82
    [137]傅得兴,黄公怡.非幽体抗炎药的不良反应及改进抗炎药物治疗的新发展[J].中国新药杂志,2000.9(9):604-608
    [138]凌沛学,贺艳朋.玻璃酸钠的的临床研究应用进展.中国生物化学杂志,1998,(5):48-50
    [139]詹子睿,邵增务.骨关节炎基因治疗进展[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2004,12(3):57-58
    [140]刘增君.膝骨关节病的治疗和进展[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(35):8064-8065
    [141]李宁宁.月泰关节骨关节炎的关节镜手术治疗[J].广西中医学院学报,2005,8(3):49
    [142]张奉春,我国治疗关节炎药物疗效评价标准研讨会第一次会议纪要[J].中华风湿病学杂志,1999(4)
    [143]郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导原则.北京:中国医药科技出版社,1993,版,349-353.
    [144]张磊.温针与电针治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效对比观察[D].中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士),2006,(05).
    [145]冯斌.针刺临床作用及机制浅析.中医药学刊,2003;(9):1565-1566.
    [146]邓贤斌,葛小苏.符文彬运用针灸从心胆论治疾病的临床经验.辽宁中医杂志2010,37(6),1134-1136.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700