日本中小企业对外直接投资研究
摘要
日本中小企业在日本的经济中占有很重要的地位,对日本经济的发展作出了巨大贡献。日本中小企业的对外直接投资虽然起步比较晚,但是发展很快。随着经济全球化程度的加深,越来越多的日本中小企业开始了对外直接投资,很多经验对我国中小企业的发展和对外直接投资有着很好的借鉴意义。本文对日本中小企业的对外直接投资的理论和实践进行了研究,并对中国中小企业的对外直接投资的实践发展提出了一些切合实际的建议。
在许多发达国家中,中小企业的对外直接投资占对外直接投资的比重很大。从各个国家的统计数据可以看出,在20世纪80年代中小型的跨国公司已经具有一定的规模,经济全球化程度加深的背景下,进行对外直接投资的中小企业的规模越来越大。中小企业对外直接投资理论的发展却要比中小企业对外投资要滞后许多,国内外许多学者刚开始都比较关注大企业的对外投资领域,而很少研究中小企业对外直接投资。对日本中小企业对外直接投资的研究有助于对世界各国中小企业对外直接投资的理论和实践思考。日本对中小企业有很多财政金融技术等优惠支持政策,在应对对外直接投资过程中出现的问题时,日本中小企业应变能力很强,比如中小企业与中小企业或者中小企业与大型企业合并,以增强竞争能力。中国的对外直接投资大部分企业是国有企业或者是大型的跨国公司,像民营企业这种中小企业参与的并不是很多,没有太多经验,对外进行直接投资的中小企业也在投资的过程中出现了不少问题,有待解决。本文通过对日本中小企业对外直接投资的概况介绍、对外直接投资的优势以及在投资过程中遇到问题的分析,来探讨中国中小企业的对外直接投资的改进,对中国中小企业对外直接投资的发展有很好的借鉴意义。
全文分为五章。第一章是引言,阐述了本文研究的目的和意义、文献综述、文章结构以及文章的创新和不足。第二章首先介绍了日本中小企业的界定、对外直接投资的界定和日本中小企业对外直接投资的界定,然后是日本中小企业对外直接投资的理论解释。第三章是对日本中小企业对外直接投资情况的介绍,包括日本中小企业对外直接投资的动机和决定因素、区位分布、行业分布、投资方式、日本中小企业的撤资情况。第四章是对日本中小企业对外直接投资的优势分析,主要是技术优势、管理优势、政策支持优势和中间组织优势,并指出了日本中小企业在对外直接投资的过程当中遇到的问题。第五章是借鉴日本中小企业对外直接投资的经验,针对中国中小企业在对外直接投资过程中遇到的问题,对中国中小企业对外直接投资的发展提出建议。
本文综合参考了各类文献、最新统计数据以及至今为止关于中小企业对外直接投资的各种理论,对日本中小企业的对外直接投资做了综合论述,提出了自己的见解,对解决我国中小企业在对外直接投资过程当中遇到的问题和推进我国中小企业对外直接投资的发展有所帮助。
The Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an important part in Japanese Economy, and make great contribute to the development of the Japanese Economy. Although Japanese SMEs's FDI activities started very late, they developed very fast. With the deepening of the economic globalization degree, more and more Japanese SMEs started or are starting FDI activities. Chinese SMEs can learn a lot from the Japanese SMEs's FDI activities. This paper analyzes theories on SMEs's FDI and the recent situation of Japanese SMEs's FDI activities, and makes some practical suggestions to the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI activities.
In many developed countries, SMEs's FDI share a big part in the all enterprises. The amount of the SMEs that took activities has reached a certain scale, according to the statistical data of many countries in 1980s. More and more SMEs took or are taking FDI activities under the background of deepening degree of economic globalization. The development of theories on SMEs falls behind the condition of SMEs's FDI activities, because many scholars at home and aboard focused on researching FDI of large enterprises at beginning. Studying on the Japanese SMEs's FDI can help the research of other countries'SMEs's FDI. There are many fiscal, financial and technical policies for SMEs in Japan. Japanese SMEs did well in dealing with problems in the process of FDI, such as SMEs and SMEs merged or SMEs and large enterprises merged in order to improve the ability to compete in globalization. In China, most of the enterprises that take FDI activities are state-owned enterprises or large multinational enterprises. Less SMEs like private enterprises take the FDI activities, they don't have much experience about FDI, so they meet many problems to be solved in the process of FDI. This paper discusses how to improve the Chinese SMEs's FDI by analyzing the situation, advantages and problems of Japanese SMEs's FDI, which is good for the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI.
This paper is dividend into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the purpose and significance of writing this paper, literature review, the article structure, the innovation and deficiencies. The second chapter first describes the definition of Small and Medium Enterprises, the definition of FDI and FDI of Japanese SMEs, then introduces the theories that can explain the Japanese SMEs's FDI activities. The third chapter describes the recent situation of Japan SMEs's FDI activities, including the motivation, determinant, location distribution, industry distribution and ways of investment; it also mentioned the withdrawal from overseas. The fourth chapter analyzes the Japanese SMEs's advantages in starting FDI activities, including technology advantages, management advantages, policy support advantages and intermediate organization advantages. It also points out the problems that Japanese SMEs met in the process. Learning from the Japanese experiences, the fifth chapter makes suggestions to the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI activities, according to the problems that Chinese SMEs met in the process of FDI activities.
The article, comprehensive referenced to all kinds of documents, latest statistics data, and FDI theories about SMEs, makes comprehensive discussion on Japanese SMEs's FDI, comes up with its opinions, in order to solve the problems that the Chinese SMEs met in the process of foreign direct investment and promote the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI.
在许多发达国家中,中小企业的对外直接投资占对外直接投资的比重很大。从各个国家的统计数据可以看出,在20世纪80年代中小型的跨国公司已经具有一定的规模,经济全球化程度加深的背景下,进行对外直接投资的中小企业的规模越来越大。中小企业对外直接投资理论的发展却要比中小企业对外投资要滞后许多,国内外许多学者刚开始都比较关注大企业的对外投资领域,而很少研究中小企业对外直接投资。对日本中小企业对外直接投资的研究有助于对世界各国中小企业对外直接投资的理论和实践思考。日本对中小企业有很多财政金融技术等优惠支持政策,在应对对外直接投资过程中出现的问题时,日本中小企业应变能力很强,比如中小企业与中小企业或者中小企业与大型企业合并,以增强竞争能力。中国的对外直接投资大部分企业是国有企业或者是大型的跨国公司,像民营企业这种中小企业参与的并不是很多,没有太多经验,对外进行直接投资的中小企业也在投资的过程中出现了不少问题,有待解决。本文通过对日本中小企业对外直接投资的概况介绍、对外直接投资的优势以及在投资过程中遇到问题的分析,来探讨中国中小企业的对外直接投资的改进,对中国中小企业对外直接投资的发展有很好的借鉴意义。
全文分为五章。第一章是引言,阐述了本文研究的目的和意义、文献综述、文章结构以及文章的创新和不足。第二章首先介绍了日本中小企业的界定、对外直接投资的界定和日本中小企业对外直接投资的界定,然后是日本中小企业对外直接投资的理论解释。第三章是对日本中小企业对外直接投资情况的介绍,包括日本中小企业对外直接投资的动机和决定因素、区位分布、行业分布、投资方式、日本中小企业的撤资情况。第四章是对日本中小企业对外直接投资的优势分析,主要是技术优势、管理优势、政策支持优势和中间组织优势,并指出了日本中小企业在对外直接投资的过程当中遇到的问题。第五章是借鉴日本中小企业对外直接投资的经验,针对中国中小企业在对外直接投资过程中遇到的问题,对中国中小企业对外直接投资的发展提出建议。
本文综合参考了各类文献、最新统计数据以及至今为止关于中小企业对外直接投资的各种理论,对日本中小企业的对外直接投资做了综合论述,提出了自己的见解,对解决我国中小企业在对外直接投资过程当中遇到的问题和推进我国中小企业对外直接投资的发展有所帮助。
The Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an important part in Japanese Economy, and make great contribute to the development of the Japanese Economy. Although Japanese SMEs's FDI activities started very late, they developed very fast. With the deepening of the economic globalization degree, more and more Japanese SMEs started or are starting FDI activities. Chinese SMEs can learn a lot from the Japanese SMEs's FDI activities. This paper analyzes theories on SMEs's FDI and the recent situation of Japanese SMEs's FDI activities, and makes some practical suggestions to the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI activities.
In many developed countries, SMEs's FDI share a big part in the all enterprises. The amount of the SMEs that took activities has reached a certain scale, according to the statistical data of many countries in 1980s. More and more SMEs took or are taking FDI activities under the background of deepening degree of economic globalization. The development of theories on SMEs falls behind the condition of SMEs's FDI activities, because many scholars at home and aboard focused on researching FDI of large enterprises at beginning. Studying on the Japanese SMEs's FDI can help the research of other countries'SMEs's FDI. There are many fiscal, financial and technical policies for SMEs in Japan. Japanese SMEs did well in dealing with problems in the process of FDI, such as SMEs and SMEs merged or SMEs and large enterprises merged in order to improve the ability to compete in globalization. In China, most of the enterprises that take FDI activities are state-owned enterprises or large multinational enterprises. Less SMEs like private enterprises take the FDI activities, they don't have much experience about FDI, so they meet many problems to be solved in the process of FDI. This paper discusses how to improve the Chinese SMEs's FDI by analyzing the situation, advantages and problems of Japanese SMEs's FDI, which is good for the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI.
This paper is dividend into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the purpose and significance of writing this paper, literature review, the article structure, the innovation and deficiencies. The second chapter first describes the definition of Small and Medium Enterprises, the definition of FDI and FDI of Japanese SMEs, then introduces the theories that can explain the Japanese SMEs's FDI activities. The third chapter describes the recent situation of Japan SMEs's FDI activities, including the motivation, determinant, location distribution, industry distribution and ways of investment; it also mentioned the withdrawal from overseas. The fourth chapter analyzes the Japanese SMEs's advantages in starting FDI activities, including technology advantages, management advantages, policy support advantages and intermediate organization advantages. It also points out the problems that Japanese SMEs met in the process. Learning from the Japanese experiences, the fifth chapter makes suggestions to the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI activities, according to the problems that Chinese SMEs met in the process of FDI activities.
The article, comprehensive referenced to all kinds of documents, latest statistics data, and FDI theories about SMEs, makes comprehensive discussion on Japanese SMEs's FDI, comes up with its opinions, in order to solve the problems that the Chinese SMEs met in the process of foreign direct investment and promote the development of Chinese SMEs's FDI.
引文
①赵优珍：《中小企业国际化—理论探讨与经营实践》,复旦大学出版社2005版,第63页-65页。
①赵优珍：《中小企业国际化—理论探讨与经营实践》,复旦大学出版社2005版,第69-71页。
①王振、孙林、虞震《中小企业：日本经济活力的源泉》,上海财经大学出版社2003版,第105页。
①王振等：《中小企业：日本经济活力的源泉》,上海财经大学出版社2003版,第111页。
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[3]陈乃醒、傅贤治、白林.中国中小企业发展报告[M].第4版.北京：中国经济出版社,2009.35-64.
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[5]侯俊军.中小型跨国公司应该成为对外投资的主体[J].国际贸易问题,2002,(8)：56-64.
[6]侯守峰、吴国林.中小企业集群理论综述[J].科技创业,2006,(10)：160-161.
[7]霍荣.对中小企业国际化与制度创新的探讨[J].商业研究,2004,(12)：21-22.
[8]金泉.中小企业“走出去”动因对策研究[J].国际贸易,2010,(8)：34-36.
[9]李国平.日本对外直接投资的发展与结构变化研究[J].现代日本经济,2007,(3)：10-12.
[10]李俊江、史本叶.日本中小企业全球化经营的新趋势及其对我国的启示[J].东北亚论坛,2006,(1)：3-10.
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①赵优珍：《中小企业国际化—理论探讨与经营实践》,复旦大学出版社2005版,第69-71页。
①王振、孙林、虞震《中小企业：日本经济活力的源泉》,上海财经大学出版社2003版,第105页。
①王振等：《中小企业：日本经济活力的源泉》,上海财经大学出版社2003版,第111页。
[1]陈莉.日本中小企业对外直接投资优势研究[M].第1版.长春：吉林大学出版社,2009.42-77.
[2]陈莉、李东福.日本中小企业创业支持机制研究[J].现代日本经济,2009,(6)：46-49.
[3]陈乃醒、傅贤治、白林.中国中小企业发展报告[M].第4版.北京：中国经济出版社,2009.35-64.
[4]戴仲川.日本中小企业的对外直接投资策略[J].世界经济合作,1998,(10)：53.
[5]侯俊军.中小型跨国公司应该成为对外投资的主体[J].国际贸易问题,2002,(8)：56-64.
[6]侯守峰、吴国林.中小企业集群理论综述[J].科技创业,2006,(10)：160-161.
[7]霍荣.对中小企业国际化与制度创新的探讨[J].商业研究,2004,(12)：21-22.
[8]金泉.中小企业“走出去”动因对策研究[J].国际贸易,2010,(8)：34-36.
[9]李国平.日本对外直接投资的发展与结构变化研究[J].现代日本经济,2007,(3)：10-12.
[10]李俊江、史本叶.日本中小企业全球化经营的新趋势及其对我国的启示[J].东北亚论坛,2006,(1)：3-10.
[11]李俊敏.中小企业对外直接投资的现状、存在问题和对策[J].经济论坛,2011,(6)：21-22.
[12]李渝萍、甘寿国.中小企业集群理论研究评述[J].学术研究,2007,(7)：49-53.
[13]李玉潭.日美欧中小企业理论与政策[M].第1版.长春：吉林大学出版社,1992.257-280.
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