围护墙多功能减震结构的减震控制研究
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摘要
近几年,地震的频繁发生给我们造成了巨大的经济损失和深远的社会影响,在无情的地震面前,人类以及人类工程显得如此弱小而难以与之抗衡。将人类的庇护所---建筑结构设计的更牢固可靠是人们自古以来不断追求的梦想。因此,近年来减震控制应用于建筑结构不断被人提出并研究创新,围护墙多功能减震结构在前人研究的基础上巧妙地将墙体作为质量调谐减震的重要部件,既不需要另外附设质量块,又降低了工程造价,而且具有质量调谐减震和阻尼减震的双重效果,极大地满足了工程结构减震控制的理论要求,具备结构设计的安全性、适用性和耐久性的要求。
本文的主要研究成果如下：
1.阐述了减震结构控制的概念与分类,总结了减震控制的发展历程及被动减震控制的研究现状,展示了结构被动控制技术在实际工程中的应用,指出围护墙多功能减震结构的优越性,并阐述了其工作原理和已有的研究成果。
2.制作一个单跨三层的钢结构缩尺模型,进行振动台试验,根据试验结果,分析验证了对于减轻结构的地震作用是有效的,柱顶位移和加速度响应能够有效降低,U型金属带片是一种减震性能非常好的耗能构件,但是其尺寸设计与减震效果的关系需要更加深入的研究,减震效果随着质量比与频率比的增大而增加,但是都有各自较优的取值范围。
3.根据试验模型在SAP2000有限元软件中建立相同的抗震和减震模型,采用模态分析和时程分析研究质量比、频率比对结构减震效果的具体影响规律,验证了模型的可靠性,可以用来作进一步的扩展研究。
围护墙多功能减震结构围护墙多功能减震结构不但可以应用于多层建筑,而且可以应用于高层甚至旧房屋的加固改造中,是一种具有广阔发展前景的结构形式,通过进一步的深入研究和创新,必将为建筑结构的减震控制做出巨大贡献。
Frequent earthquakes in recent years have caused so huge economic losses and profound social influence for human and human engineering to stand against them. It's a dream that people pursuit constantly to make our shelter design more secure and reliable since antiquity. So, the damping control be applied in architecture has been constantly presented and innovative researched in recent years. A new type of damping structure based on previous studies called enclosure walls to multi-functional vibration-absorption structure (EWMVS) masterly uses the enclosure wall as the important component of tuned mass damper, neither need additional mass block and lower the engineering cost with both tuned mass damper and damping vibration which greatly satisfy the theory demand of structural vibration control, it also contents the safety, applicability and durability requirements of structure design.
The main achievements in this paper are as follows:
1. The concept of shock structure control and classification were presented. Both the development of damping control and the research and application in engineering situation of passive damping control were summarized, pointed out the advantages of EWMVS as well as its working principle and researching achievements;
2. A scale steel model with single span and three-storey was built, and its shaking table test was carried on to prove as an effective damping structure, its top displacement and acceleration response of the column can be reduced effectively. It is a good energy-absorbed element for U-shaped steel plate to be used in the structure, but the relations between the size design and shock absorption effect require more in-depth researches. Damping effect will be better with the increase of the mass ratio and the frenquency ratio, but either of them has its optimal value range.
3. Through the test model, the analysis model of the same aseismic structure and damping structure have been established in SAP2000, both modal analysis and the time history analysis were adopted to study the influences of the above-mentioned characteristic parameters on reducing earthquake damage to structures, and more study could be conducted after the analysis model was certified.
EWMVS can not only be used for multistory buildings, but also the high-rise buildings even the reinforcement and reconstruction of old houses, with great development prospect this structure will make great contribution to the vibration control of structures through further in-depth research and innovation.
本文的主要研究成果如下：
1.阐述了减震结构控制的概念与分类,总结了减震控制的发展历程及被动减震控制的研究现状,展示了结构被动控制技术在实际工程中的应用,指出围护墙多功能减震结构的优越性,并阐述了其工作原理和已有的研究成果。
2.制作一个单跨三层的钢结构缩尺模型,进行振动台试验,根据试验结果,分析验证了对于减轻结构的地震作用是有效的,柱顶位移和加速度响应能够有效降低,U型金属带片是一种减震性能非常好的耗能构件,但是其尺寸设计与减震效果的关系需要更加深入的研究,减震效果随着质量比与频率比的增大而增加,但是都有各自较优的取值范围。
3.根据试验模型在SAP2000有限元软件中建立相同的抗震和减震模型,采用模态分析和时程分析研究质量比、频率比对结构减震效果的具体影响规律,验证了模型的可靠性,可以用来作进一步的扩展研究。
围护墙多功能减震结构围护墙多功能减震结构不但可以应用于多层建筑,而且可以应用于高层甚至旧房屋的加固改造中,是一种具有广阔发展前景的结构形式,通过进一步的深入研究和创新,必将为建筑结构的减震控制做出巨大贡献。
Frequent earthquakes in recent years have caused so huge economic losses and profound social influence for human and human engineering to stand against them. It's a dream that people pursuit constantly to make our shelter design more secure and reliable since antiquity. So, the damping control be applied in architecture has been constantly presented and innovative researched in recent years. A new type of damping structure based on previous studies called enclosure walls to multi-functional vibration-absorption structure (EWMVS) masterly uses the enclosure wall as the important component of tuned mass damper, neither need additional mass block and lower the engineering cost with both tuned mass damper and damping vibration which greatly satisfy the theory demand of structural vibration control, it also contents the safety, applicability and durability requirements of structure design.
The main achievements in this paper are as follows:
1. The concept of shock structure control and classification were presented. Both the development of damping control and the research and application in engineering situation of passive damping control were summarized, pointed out the advantages of EWMVS as well as its working principle and researching achievements;
2. A scale steel model with single span and three-storey was built, and its shaking table test was carried on to prove as an effective damping structure, its top displacement and acceleration response of the column can be reduced effectively. It is a good energy-absorbed element for U-shaped steel plate to be used in the structure, but the relations between the size design and shock absorption effect require more in-depth researches. Damping effect will be better with the increase of the mass ratio and the frenquency ratio, but either of them has its optimal value range.
3. Through the test model, the analysis model of the same aseismic structure and damping structure have been established in SAP2000, both modal analysis and the time history analysis were adopted to study the influences of the above-mentioned characteristic parameters on reducing earthquake damage to structures, and more study could be conducted after the analysis model was certified.
EWMVS can not only be used for multistory buildings, but also the high-rise buildings even the reinforcement and reconstruction of old houses, with great development prospect this structure will make great contribution to the vibration control of structures through further in-depth research and innovation.
引文
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[31]张文芳,吕涛,孔鹏.调谐结构体系在地震作用下的参数配置研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3)：71-76.
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[2]李勇军,王英红.工程结构减震控制技术的发展[J].辽宁工学院学报,2001,21(6)：49-50.
[3]张文芳,吕涛,孔鹏.调谐结构体系在地震作用下的参数配置研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3)：71-76.
[4]颜桂云,张建勋,叶建峰.土木工程结构减震控制技术的研究动态[J].福建工程学院学报,2009,7(1)：1-8.
[5]亓兴军,李小军.土木工程结构减震控制方法综述[J].工业建筑,2006,36(8)：59-63.
[6]Moreno, Claudia, Thomson. Design of an optimal tuned mass damper for a system with parametric uncertainty. Annals of Operations Research,2010,181(1):783-793.
[7]滕军.结构振动控制理论、技术和方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2009：171-178,195-197.
[8]韦德香,崔湘玲,张元超.结构被动控制研究进展[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,30(6)：77-82.
[9]Chun-xiang Li, Q.S.Li. Evaluation of the lever-type multiple tuned mass dampers for mitigating harmonically forced vibration. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,2005,5(4):641-664.
[10]Lin C C, Wang J F, Ueng J M V. Vibration control identification of seismically excited model of structures-PTMD system. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,240(1):87-115.
[11]Lin C C, Ueng J M, Huang T C. Seismic reponse redunction of irregular buildings using passive tuned mass dampers. Engineering Structures,1999,22:513-524.
[12]王均刚,马汝建,赵东等.TMD振动控制结构的发展及应用[J].济南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(2)：172-175.
[13]张文芳.建筑结构TMD振动控制及其新体系减震研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(1)：43-47.
[14]Matta, Emiliano. Robust design of mass-uncertain rolling-pendulum TMDs for the seismic protection of buildings. Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing,2009,23(1):p127-147.
[15]Casciati, Giuliano. Performance of Multi-TMD in the Towers of Suspension Bridges. Journal of Vibration & Control,2009,15(7):821-847.
[16]Iwanami K, Seto K. Optimum design of dual tuned mass dampers and their effectiveness. Proceedings of the JSME(C).1984,50(499):44-52.
[17]Yamaguchi H, Harnpornchai N. Fundamental characteristics of multiple tuned mass dampers for suppressing harmonically forced oscillations. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23:813-835.
[18]Abe M, Fujino Y. Dynamic characteristics of multiple tuned mass dampers and some design formulas. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23:813-835.
[19]李春祥.土木工程结构振动控制的最佳多重调谐质量阻尼器模型[J].四川建筑科学研究,2004,30(1)：99-102.
[20]余钱华,胡世德,范立础.桥梁结构MTMD被动控制机理及试验[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(4)：50-54.
[21]蔡国平,孙峰,黄金枝,王超.MTMD控制结构地震反应的特性研究[J].工程力学,2000,17(3)：55-59.
[22]张文学,苏木标,陈树礼.MTMD参数对结构振动控制影响研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004,17(3)：10-14.
[23]李黎,黄尚斌,张卉.结构振动控制中MTMD的基本特性研究[J].工程力学,2000,17(2)：90-96.
[24]李春祥,熊学玉.结构MTMD地震反应控制最优参数研究[J].振动与冲击,1999,18(1)：63-66.
[25]蓝宗建.巨型框架多功能减振结构体系的减振机理及其减振效果分析[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(6)：1-5.
[26]连业达,张洵安,王朝霞.巨、子结构质量比对新型有控建筑结构影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(8)：112-115.
[27]薛松涛,秦岭,陈镕,王远功.TMD个数对其减振效果的影响[J].力学季刊,2002,23(4)：534-539.
[28]刘保东,朱晞.MTMD系统抗震控制研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(1).
[29]Anil, Kumar, Agrawal. Optimal Placement and Innovative Design of Energy Dissipation Systems For Civil Engineering Structures [D]. University of California.1997:88-180.
[30]Pinkaew, Lukkunaprasit, Chatupote.Seismic effectiveness of tuned mass dampers for damage reduction of structures. Engineering Structures,2003,25(1):39-47.
[31]张文芳,吕涛,孔鹏.调谐结构体系在地震作用下的参数配置研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3)：71-76.
[32]邓长根.日本建筑结构耗能减震研究和应用的若干新进展[J].四川建筑科学研究,2003,29(20).
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