船舶自动识别网络系统设计及其性能仿真研究
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摘要
随着通信技术和计算机技术的快速发展及应用,航海技术取得了长足的进步,逐步迈入了信息时代。在世界航运中,船舶技术正向着高速化、大型化发展,船舶数量不断增加,通航水域越来越拥挤,海损事故时有发生,对海上人命、财产安全以及海洋环境造成威胁。在不断研究船舶航行安全保障技术的过程中,人们逐渐认识到船舶间的通信和相互识别是海上安全航行和船舶交通管理的前提条件。船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)作为一种新型的助航系统,同时也是船舶信息化的网络系统,可以实现船舶之间的通信和避碰,保障船舶的航行安全,减少水上交通事故的发生；此外,AIS系统还可以与船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic System, VTS)结合起来使用,有利于强化VTS的功能,加强覆盖水域内的船舶交通管理。
目前,AIS系统已经开始在船舶上应用,为了更好地实现AIS的功能,充分发挥AIS的特点,需要与之同步的AIS岸台网络,对AIS岸台网络的建设提出了要求。国外一些发达国家已经开始对AIS网络进行研究,并先后建立了岸台AIS网络。我国目前也已开始了这方面的研究和建设,在长江口和珠江口这两个地区分别建立了AIS岸台网络,并准备在整个沿海、内河水域建设无缝的AIS网络,充分发挥AIS的作用,提高对船舶的识别能力,实现对进出我国水域船舶的有效管理。
自动识别系统(AIS)是航海、航空领域里一项较新的研究成果,在航海史上具有里程碑的意义。AIS技术的正确使用可以提高船舶航行的安全性和效率,解决船岸信息传输的难题,成为数字化水上交通的基础支撑。本文就AIS网络系统中一些科学和实际问题开展了以下几个方面的研究工作：
(1)本文对AIS的系统工作原理进行了深入分析,研究了AIS网络的层次模型、数据传输协议、消息报文标准格式以及数据解析方法,着重探讨了SOTDMA协议的时隙选择算法及时隙预约冲突,这是进行AIS网络系统研究的基础。
(2)在航海技术领域,对于AIS网络的还处于研究阶段,目前国内外建设的AIS网络仍局限于小型的子网系统。本文通过比较移动自组网与AIS网络的异同,利用无线网络中的理论研究方法以及仿真实验工具,对AIS网络展开研究,深入分析了AIS网络的性能。
(3)根据国内AIS网络的规划建设情况,本文抽象提出了基于中心节点的AIS网络模型,提出了服务区的概念。在此基础之上,分析了服务区及子网内节点的时隙状态表及时隙维护过程,提出了基于中心节点的无碰撞时隙选择算法。
(4)在AIS网络性能的研究中,大部分文献从概率论的角度进行理论分析,假设的是理想条件,也有部分文献以有线网络(如TCP/IP中的WinSock编程)代替无线网络进行仿真实验,但差异性较大。本文利用NS-2仿真工具对AIS网络系统进行无线网络仿真建模,系统的相似度上有所改善,并且在WindowsXP和Cygwin平台上进行了仿真实验,根据实验的研究结果,进一步分析了AIS网络的性能。
(5)智能交通系统(ITS)在航海上的应用是一个发展趋势,现有的ECDIS、GMDSS以及INMARSAT技术已经逐渐成熟,随着AIS网络技术的逐步完善,水上智能交通系统(MITS)也将孕育而生。本文提出了水上智能交通系统模型,分析了MITS的支撑技术平台和框架结构,提出了基于AIS网络的船舶动态监控系统设计框架,旨在为沿海港口AIS网络系统的设计与优化提供参考。
本文得到国家自然科学基金项目(60672137、90304018)、教育部博士点基金项目(20060497015)的资助研究。
As the development of communication and computer technologies, the navigation is going ahead into the information age with a remarkable progress. In the world shipping, the number of ships with high speed or large scale is increasing and marine accidents usually occur in the narrow water area, which pose a threat to the lives at sea, property and marine environments. On the long-term study of the technology of navigation and security assurance, it is a precondition for the marine safety that ships can communicate and identify with each other. The universal automatic identification system (AIS) is a kind of new-style aids to navigation, and also is a ship network. It can guard the safe voyage and reduce the marine accidents by means of communication and collision avoidance. In the other hand, the AIS can combine with vessel traffic system (VTS) and strengthen the function of VTS, broaden the coverage of VTS, which is to the benefit of ship management.
The AIS equipments have applied on board. It is need to establish the base facilities and AIS network in order to exert the functions of AIS. At present, many countries have taken up research on the AIS network, and set up some base networks. In our country the research is starting and the networks on the Yangtze Estuary and Pearl River Estuary are established. In the future, the AIS networks along the coast and Inland Rivers will seamlessly connected which can prove the ability of ship identification and make an effective management on the ships in our country.
The universal automatic identification system is a new research finding in the domain of navigation and aviation, which is a landmark in the history of navigation. The proper use of AIS can improve the safety of navigation, put the axe in the helve of communication between ships and shores, and becomes the basis of digital marine transportation. The dissertation has developed the research work as follow on the study of some scientific and practical problems in the AIS network.
(1) The dissertation makes a deep analysis on the working principle of AIS, and has a study on the hierarchical models, data transmission protocol, standard message format and message analytical method of AIS network. It accent on the discussion of slot-selection algorithm and slot reservation collision of Sef-Organised Time Division Multiple Access protocol. These are basis of AIS network research.
(2) Presently in the domain of navigation, the research on the AIS network at a pre-theory stage. The AIS networks set up in many countries are confined to be a small AIS subnet. The dissertation compares the AIS network with mobile Ad hoc network, and makes a deep research on the AIS network performance by mean of theories and methodology and simulation tools of wireless network.
(3) The dissertation puts forward a network model based on the central node according to the construction situation of AIS network in our country. Also the concept of service zone is introduced. It analyzes the slot status table and maintenance procedure in the service zone and AIS subnet, and brings forward a slot-selection algorithm of non-collision based on the central nodes.
(4) On the study of assessment of network performance, the probability theory is used in the most documents on the assumption of ideal conditions. And wireless network experiments are substituted for the wired network (e.g. winsock program in TCP/IP network) in some documents. But there is a wide difference between them. The dissertation carries through the wireless network modeling on AIS by means of Network Simulation-2, and the amount of similarity between networks can be improved. The simulation experiments are conducted on the platform of Windows XP and Cygwin. The AIS network performance is analyzed according to the simulation results.
(5) It is a trend that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applies in navigation. The existing technology of ECDIS, GPS/GIS, GMDSS and INMARSAT communication, with the improvement of AIS network, will be the foundation of marine intelligent transportation system. The dissertation brings forward the system models, analyzes the frame construction of MITS and puts forward the vessel dynamic monitoring system based on AIS, which can provide some references for the construction of coastal networks
The dissertation is supported by National Science Foundation of China (No.60172035,90304018), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20060497015).
目前,AIS系统已经开始在船舶上应用,为了更好地实现AIS的功能,充分发挥AIS的特点,需要与之同步的AIS岸台网络,对AIS岸台网络的建设提出了要求。国外一些发达国家已经开始对AIS网络进行研究,并先后建立了岸台AIS网络。我国目前也已开始了这方面的研究和建设,在长江口和珠江口这两个地区分别建立了AIS岸台网络,并准备在整个沿海、内河水域建设无缝的AIS网络,充分发挥AIS的作用,提高对船舶的识别能力,实现对进出我国水域船舶的有效管理。
自动识别系统(AIS)是航海、航空领域里一项较新的研究成果,在航海史上具有里程碑的意义。AIS技术的正确使用可以提高船舶航行的安全性和效率,解决船岸信息传输的难题,成为数字化水上交通的基础支撑。本文就AIS网络系统中一些科学和实际问题开展了以下几个方面的研究工作：
(1)本文对AIS的系统工作原理进行了深入分析,研究了AIS网络的层次模型、数据传输协议、消息报文标准格式以及数据解析方法,着重探讨了SOTDMA协议的时隙选择算法及时隙预约冲突,这是进行AIS网络系统研究的基础。
(2)在航海技术领域,对于AIS网络的还处于研究阶段,目前国内外建设的AIS网络仍局限于小型的子网系统。本文通过比较移动自组网与AIS网络的异同,利用无线网络中的理论研究方法以及仿真实验工具,对AIS网络展开研究,深入分析了AIS网络的性能。
(3)根据国内AIS网络的规划建设情况,本文抽象提出了基于中心节点的AIS网络模型,提出了服务区的概念。在此基础之上,分析了服务区及子网内节点的时隙状态表及时隙维护过程,提出了基于中心节点的无碰撞时隙选择算法。
(4)在AIS网络性能的研究中,大部分文献从概率论的角度进行理论分析,假设的是理想条件,也有部分文献以有线网络(如TCP/IP中的WinSock编程)代替无线网络进行仿真实验,但差异性较大。本文利用NS-2仿真工具对AIS网络系统进行无线网络仿真建模,系统的相似度上有所改善,并且在WindowsXP和Cygwin平台上进行了仿真实验,根据实验的研究结果,进一步分析了AIS网络的性能。
(5)智能交通系统(ITS)在航海上的应用是一个发展趋势,现有的ECDIS、GMDSS以及INMARSAT技术已经逐渐成熟,随着AIS网络技术的逐步完善,水上智能交通系统(MITS)也将孕育而生。本文提出了水上智能交通系统模型,分析了MITS的支撑技术平台和框架结构,提出了基于AIS网络的船舶动态监控系统设计框架,旨在为沿海港口AIS网络系统的设计与优化提供参考。
本文得到国家自然科学基金项目(60672137、90304018)、教育部博士点基金项目(20060497015)的资助研究。
As the development of communication and computer technologies, the navigation is going ahead into the information age with a remarkable progress. In the world shipping, the number of ships with high speed or large scale is increasing and marine accidents usually occur in the narrow water area, which pose a threat to the lives at sea, property and marine environments. On the long-term study of the technology of navigation and security assurance, it is a precondition for the marine safety that ships can communicate and identify with each other. The universal automatic identification system (AIS) is a kind of new-style aids to navigation, and also is a ship network. It can guard the safe voyage and reduce the marine accidents by means of communication and collision avoidance. In the other hand, the AIS can combine with vessel traffic system (VTS) and strengthen the function of VTS, broaden the coverage of VTS, which is to the benefit of ship management.
The AIS equipments have applied on board. It is need to establish the base facilities and AIS network in order to exert the functions of AIS. At present, many countries have taken up research on the AIS network, and set up some base networks. In our country the research is starting and the networks on the Yangtze Estuary and Pearl River Estuary are established. In the future, the AIS networks along the coast and Inland Rivers will seamlessly connected which can prove the ability of ship identification and make an effective management on the ships in our country.
The universal automatic identification system is a new research finding in the domain of navigation and aviation, which is a landmark in the history of navigation. The proper use of AIS can improve the safety of navigation, put the axe in the helve of communication between ships and shores, and becomes the basis of digital marine transportation. The dissertation has developed the research work as follow on the study of some scientific and practical problems in the AIS network.
(1) The dissertation makes a deep analysis on the working principle of AIS, and has a study on the hierarchical models, data transmission protocol, standard message format and message analytical method of AIS network. It accent on the discussion of slot-selection algorithm and slot reservation collision of Sef-Organised Time Division Multiple Access protocol. These are basis of AIS network research.
(2) Presently in the domain of navigation, the research on the AIS network at a pre-theory stage. The AIS networks set up in many countries are confined to be a small AIS subnet. The dissertation compares the AIS network with mobile Ad hoc network, and makes a deep research on the AIS network performance by mean of theories and methodology and simulation tools of wireless network.
(3) The dissertation puts forward a network model based on the central node according to the construction situation of AIS network in our country. Also the concept of service zone is introduced. It analyzes the slot status table and maintenance procedure in the service zone and AIS subnet, and brings forward a slot-selection algorithm of non-collision based on the central nodes.
(4) On the study of assessment of network performance, the probability theory is used in the most documents on the assumption of ideal conditions. And wireless network experiments are substituted for the wired network (e.g. winsock program in TCP/IP network) in some documents. But there is a wide difference between them. The dissertation carries through the wireless network modeling on AIS by means of Network Simulation-2, and the amount of similarity between networks can be improved. The simulation experiments are conducted on the platform of Windows XP and Cygwin. The AIS network performance is analyzed according to the simulation results.
(5) It is a trend that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applies in navigation. The existing technology of ECDIS, GPS/GIS, GMDSS and INMARSAT communication, with the improvement of AIS network, will be the foundation of marine intelligent transportation system. The dissertation brings forward the system models, analyzes the frame construction of MITS and puts forward the vessel dynamic monitoring system based on AIS, which can provide some references for the construction of coastal networks
The dissertation is supported by National Science Foundation of China (No.60172035,90304018), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20060497015).
引文
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