贝灰—粉煤灰新型绿色墙体材料的研制
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摘要
本文采用汕头市当地丰富的可再生资源贝灰和工业废渣粉煤灰为主要原材料,配以化学激化剂,研制一种绿色墙体材料--免烧砖。本文通过调整粉煤灰,贝灰,石灰,水泥这几种主要材料成分的比例,以及SBR乳液、水玻璃和聚合物纤维等增韧材料的掺量,并采用不同的养护方式进行了大量的配合比设计及相应的实验。其实验内容包括基本的力学性能测试,干缩,冻融循环和干湿循环等耐久性方面的测试并借助扫描电镜进行微观结构的观察与分析。最后初步探讨了玄武岩纤维对免烧砖材料相关性能的影响。
实验结果显示,影响免烧砖力学性能的因素很多,水泥的掺量对材料的强度有很大的影响,粉煤灰占胶凝材料的比例不宜过高,掺入贝灰可以在一定程度上激发粉煤灰的早期活性；SBR乳液和纤维能提高复合材料的抗折强度,且有一个最佳掺量的范围。水玻璃的掺入虽然能够提高抗折强度,但会较大地降低材料的抗压强度。而且并不是单纯地多掺不同的增韧材料就可以提高抗折强度。经过多次干湿循环作用后,免烧砖的吸水率会逐渐减小,显示出其内部孔隙率也会随着减小,材料质量较好,具有一定的抗裂性。掺入玄武岩纤维后,材料的抗压强度均较掺同等体积聚丙烯纤维(配比相同)的高,而抗折强度则要在特定的配合比下才能得到提高。
经实验可以初步确定各主要材料较佳的掺量比例,粉煤灰：水泥：石灰：石膏：贝灰为40：20：15：4：16；SBR乳液3%,纤维0.1%,砂灰比0.5,水灰比0.3。免烧砖的抗压强度可以达到20MPa以上,而抗折强度则能在3 MPa以上。免烧砖材料早期的干缩值和冻融破坏后的强度值能满足粉煤灰砖国家标准中相应的要求,符合MU20的等级标准。由于只需采用水中养护即可,因此能大大节约能源,符合环保型社会的发展要求,这种贝灰—粉煤灰免烧砖具有一定的应用前景。
The unfired brick, one of the green walling materials, was produced by using the industrial waste --fly ash and the renewable resource--shell ash as the main raw materials. Several mixture ratios were designed by adjusting the proportion of fly ash, lime, shell ash and cement, and SBR emulsion, sodium silicate, polymer fiber were used to enhance the flexural strength. Meanwhile, different curing methods were also adopted. The experiment contents included the basic mechanical properties test, dry shrinkage test, freezing and thawing cycle test and the dry-wet cycle test. Scanning electron microscopic was used to observe and analyze the Micro-structure. Finally the basalt fiber was substituted for the polymer fiber.
The results reveal that there were many different influence factors of mechanical properties. The cement's proportion was quite important and the fly ash's proportion in gelled material could not be exorbitant. The fly ash's early activity could be inspired by adding shell ash to one extent. SBR emulsion and fiber composites could improve the flexural strength, while the sodium silicate had a adverse effect on the compressive strength. The bibulous rate of unfired brick would gradually decrease in the dry-wet circulation, which showed the internal porosity would decrease, and the material had a certain anti-cracking ability. After adding basalt fiber, compressive strength of material was higher than those of the polymer fiber's.
The results showed that the brick had the higher flexural strength and compressive strength with an addition of 40% fly ash,20% cement,15% lime,4% plaster and 16% shell ash when incorporating of 3% SBR and 0.1%. The compressive strength was above 20MPa and the flexural strength was above 3MPa. With a high mechanical properties, low shrink, and low energy consumption, this new material has a good prospect.
实验结果显示,影响免烧砖力学性能的因素很多,水泥的掺量对材料的强度有很大的影响,粉煤灰占胶凝材料的比例不宜过高,掺入贝灰可以在一定程度上激发粉煤灰的早期活性；SBR乳液和纤维能提高复合材料的抗折强度,且有一个最佳掺量的范围。水玻璃的掺入虽然能够提高抗折强度,但会较大地降低材料的抗压强度。而且并不是单纯地多掺不同的增韧材料就可以提高抗折强度。经过多次干湿循环作用后,免烧砖的吸水率会逐渐减小,显示出其内部孔隙率也会随着减小,材料质量较好,具有一定的抗裂性。掺入玄武岩纤维后,材料的抗压强度均较掺同等体积聚丙烯纤维(配比相同)的高,而抗折强度则要在特定的配合比下才能得到提高。
经实验可以初步确定各主要材料较佳的掺量比例,粉煤灰：水泥：石灰：石膏：贝灰为40：20：15：4：16；SBR乳液3%,纤维0.1%,砂灰比0.5,水灰比0.3。免烧砖的抗压强度可以达到20MPa以上,而抗折强度则能在3 MPa以上。免烧砖材料早期的干缩值和冻融破坏后的强度值能满足粉煤灰砖国家标准中相应的要求,符合MU20的等级标准。由于只需采用水中养护即可,因此能大大节约能源,符合环保型社会的发展要求,这种贝灰—粉煤灰免烧砖具有一定的应用前景。
The unfired brick, one of the green walling materials, was produced by using the industrial waste --fly ash and the renewable resource--shell ash as the main raw materials. Several mixture ratios were designed by adjusting the proportion of fly ash, lime, shell ash and cement, and SBR emulsion, sodium silicate, polymer fiber were used to enhance the flexural strength. Meanwhile, different curing methods were also adopted. The experiment contents included the basic mechanical properties test, dry shrinkage test, freezing and thawing cycle test and the dry-wet cycle test. Scanning electron microscopic was used to observe and analyze the Micro-structure. Finally the basalt fiber was substituted for the polymer fiber.
The results reveal that there were many different influence factors of mechanical properties. The cement's proportion was quite important and the fly ash's proportion in gelled material could not be exorbitant. The fly ash's early activity could be inspired by adding shell ash to one extent. SBR emulsion and fiber composites could improve the flexural strength, while the sodium silicate had a adverse effect on the compressive strength. The bibulous rate of unfired brick would gradually decrease in the dry-wet circulation, which showed the internal porosity would decrease, and the material had a certain anti-cracking ability. After adding basalt fiber, compressive strength of material was higher than those of the polymer fiber's.
The results showed that the brick had the higher flexural strength and compressive strength with an addition of 40% fly ash,20% cement,15% lime,4% plaster and 16% shell ash when incorporating of 3% SBR and 0.1%. The compressive strength was above 20MPa and the flexural strength was above 3MPa. With a high mechanical properties, low shrink, and low energy consumption, this new material has a good prospect.
引文
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[3]. 转发市建设局关于加快推进全市墙材革新工作的意见的通知,汕头市人民政府办公室文件,汕府办(2003)175号
[4]. 王海燕.新型墙体材料应用介绍.山东建材,2003.2
[5]. 李湘洲.国外墙体材料发展的若干动向.砖瓦,2003.7
[6]. R. Cioffia, M. Lavorgnab, L. Santorob, Reuse of secondary lead smelter slag in the manufacture of concrete blocks, Waste Management Series,2000,1
[7]. L. Gunduz, Use of quartet blends containing fly ash, scoria, perlitic pumice and cement to produce cellular hollow lightweight masonry blocks for non-load bearing walls, Construction and Building Materials,2008
[8]. 周炫.新型墙材产品质量下降趋势应引起关注.新型墙材,2008.1
[9]. 李庆繁.粉煤灰“免烧砖”不宜盲目发展.墙体革新与建筑节能,2006.9
[10]. 邢宏伟.高掺量粉煤灰免烧砖的研究.新型建筑材料,1998.9
[11]. 杨家宽,侯健等.铝业赤泥免烧砖中试生产及产业化.环境工程,2006
[12]. 陶有生.非烧结砖的发展、问题及对策.中国建材联合会科技教育委员会,北京100037
[13]. 黄华大.我国蒸压砖的发展现状、存在问题及解决措施.砖瓦,2009
[14]. 刘丽娟,刘军侠.免烧砖当前存在的质量问题及原因.监督与选择,2008.11
[15]. 季元.免烧砖质量问题不容忽视--免烧砖砌体常见裂缝原因分析及控制.砖瓦世界,2007.1
[16]. 河南全面整顿规范小型免烧砖厂.河南墙改办,2008
[17]. 汪澜.水泥混凝土一组成性能应用.中国建材工业出版社,2004.8
[18]. 刘光华,苏慕珍,路永华.粉煤灰活性激发微观机理的研究.第三届粉煤灰在新型墙体材料中综合利用成果交流会2004
[19]. 李国栋.粉煤灰的结构、形态与活性特征..粉煤灰综合利用,1998
[20]. 兰青,侯浩波,韩立宏.高强轻质高掺粉煤灰双免烧砖的研制试验.粉煤灰综合利用,2002
[21]. 吕梁.粉煤灰常用固化剂及其应用.房材与应用,1997.2
[22]. 刘家弟.粉煤灰免蒸免烧砖的研制. 新型墙体材料与施工,2002
[23]. 符芳.建筑材料.东南大学出版社,2001
[24]. 朱蓓蓉,杨全兵.粉煤灰火山灰反应性及其反应动力学.硅酸盐学报,2004.7
[25]. 严捍东,孙伟.粉煤灰砂浆自身收缩和干燥收缩关系的研究.硅酸盐学报,2003.5
[26]. 李庆繁,李光复,罗维滨.原料及其配合比对蒸压粉煤灰砖耐久性的影响.粉煤灰,2004.4
[27]. 詹镇峰.浅谈聚合物水泥砂浆及其应用.广东水利水电,1998.5
[28]. 金卓仁.外加剂在生产粉煤灰免烧砖的作用.硅酸盐建筑制品,1994
[29]. 朱江.聚丙烯纤维混凝土(砂浆)的防水机理及应用技术.建筑技术.Vol.32No.7.456
[30]. MEI Ying-jun WANG Pei—ming MA Yi—ping Effect of Fiber on the Dry Shrinkage of Latex Modified Cement Mortar JOURNAI OF BUILDING MATERIALS
[31]. 姚武,马一平,谈慕华,昊科如.聚丙烯纤维水泥基复合材料物理力学性能研究.建筑材料学报,2000
[32]. 李国芬,王宏畅,高敏杰,侯彦明. SBR改性和博尼维纤维加强沥青混合料路用性能试验,2007
[33]. CHEN He-xin, YU Zhong-wei, LV Xin-jiang, MENG Zi—qian Construction and Quality Control of SBR Modified Asphalt Mixture COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDIZATION 2007
[34]. Bian Hui, Li Lei Research on the Road Performance of Asphalt Mixture with Bonifibers and SBR Modified Asphalt Modern Transportation Technology 2007
[35]. 王培铭,讫绮,：STARK J.桥面用丁苯乳液改性水泥砂浆的力学性能.建筑 材料学报,2001
[36]. 何智海,刘宝浅.谈蒸汽养护条件下水泥一粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能.举科学研究,2006
[37]. 方荣利,刘敏,严刚.养护方式对大掺粉煤灰混凝土强度影响的研究房材与应用,1998
[38]. Rachel J. Detwiler Knut O Kjell, Odd E. Resistance to chloride intrusion of concrete cured[J]. ACI Materials Journal,1991,88(1):19-24.
[39]. YANJia-jia,MABao-guo,XINGWei—hon,WANGMing-yuan,WENXiao dong, Research on drying shrinkage and pore structure of cement-based material in different stream-curing temperature, Concrete,2008
[40]. 周文献,谢友均,孙立军.蒸养条件对超细粉煤灰混凝土强度的影响.混凝土,2003.6
[41]. 林学贵.水玻璃在建筑方面的应用.硅铝化舍物,2004
[42]. 张明龙.水玻璃对水泥浆液硬化的影响.江西煤炭科技,1999
[43]. 粉煤灰砖国家标准--中华人民共和国建材行业标准 代替JC239—1991(1996)
[44]. 张玉红,周斌等.砌块墙体二次干缩的试验研究.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002.1
[45]. 张姝.常见建筑砖砌体裂缝之我见.科技资讯,2006
[46]. 冯志龙.混凝土的干缩机理研究.应用能源技术,2008
[47]. 李伟,王丰强.浅谈混凝土冻融破坏机理及防治措施.建筑科学,2009
[48]. 李金玉,曹建国,徐文雨等.混凝土冻融破坏机的理研究.水利学报,1999.1
[49]. 蒋林华.混凝土材料学.河海大学出版社
[50]. 常铁军,高灵清,张海峰.材料现代研究方法.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005
[51]. 肖耀军.聚丙烯纤维在水泥混凝土中的应用.化学建材,2004
[52]. 李清海,姚燕,孙蓓,李宗津.高温对水泥砂浆强度的影响及机理分析.建筑材料学报,2008.6
[2]. 严捍东、钱晓倩.新型建筑材料教程.中国建材工业出版社,2005.1
[3]. 转发市建设局关于加快推进全市墙材革新工作的意见的通知,汕头市人民政府办公室文件,汕府办(2003)175号
[4]. 王海燕.新型墙体材料应用介绍.山东建材,2003.2
[5]. 李湘洲.国外墙体材料发展的若干动向.砖瓦,2003.7
[6]. R. Cioffia, M. Lavorgnab, L. Santorob, Reuse of secondary lead smelter slag in the manufacture of concrete blocks, Waste Management Series,2000,1
[7]. L. Gunduz, Use of quartet blends containing fly ash, scoria, perlitic pumice and cement to produce cellular hollow lightweight masonry blocks for non-load bearing walls, Construction and Building Materials,2008
[8]. 周炫.新型墙材产品质量下降趋势应引起关注.新型墙材,2008.1
[9]. 李庆繁.粉煤灰“免烧砖”不宜盲目发展.墙体革新与建筑节能,2006.9
[10]. 邢宏伟.高掺量粉煤灰免烧砖的研究.新型建筑材料,1998.9
[11]. 杨家宽,侯健等.铝业赤泥免烧砖中试生产及产业化.环境工程,2006
[12]. 陶有生.非烧结砖的发展、问题及对策.中国建材联合会科技教育委员会,北京100037
[13]. 黄华大.我国蒸压砖的发展现状、存在问题及解决措施.砖瓦,2009
[14]. 刘丽娟,刘军侠.免烧砖当前存在的质量问题及原因.监督与选择,2008.11
[15]. 季元.免烧砖质量问题不容忽视--免烧砖砌体常见裂缝原因分析及控制.砖瓦世界,2007.1
[16]. 河南全面整顿规范小型免烧砖厂.河南墙改办,2008
[17]. 汪澜.水泥混凝土一组成性能应用.中国建材工业出版社,2004.8
[18]. 刘光华,苏慕珍,路永华.粉煤灰活性激发微观机理的研究.第三届粉煤灰在新型墙体材料中综合利用成果交流会2004
[19]. 李国栋.粉煤灰的结构、形态与活性特征..粉煤灰综合利用,1998
[20]. 兰青,侯浩波,韩立宏.高强轻质高掺粉煤灰双免烧砖的研制试验.粉煤灰综合利用,2002
[21]. 吕梁.粉煤灰常用固化剂及其应用.房材与应用,1997.2
[22]. 刘家弟.粉煤灰免蒸免烧砖的研制. 新型墙体材料与施工,2002
[23]. 符芳.建筑材料.东南大学出版社,2001
[24]. 朱蓓蓉,杨全兵.粉煤灰火山灰反应性及其反应动力学.硅酸盐学报,2004.7
[25]. 严捍东,孙伟.粉煤灰砂浆自身收缩和干燥收缩关系的研究.硅酸盐学报,2003.5
[26]. 李庆繁,李光复,罗维滨.原料及其配合比对蒸压粉煤灰砖耐久性的影响.粉煤灰,2004.4
[27]. 詹镇峰.浅谈聚合物水泥砂浆及其应用.广东水利水电,1998.5
[28]. 金卓仁.外加剂在生产粉煤灰免烧砖的作用.硅酸盐建筑制品,1994
[29]. 朱江.聚丙烯纤维混凝土(砂浆)的防水机理及应用技术.建筑技术.Vol.32No.7.456
[30]. MEI Ying-jun WANG Pei—ming MA Yi—ping Effect of Fiber on the Dry Shrinkage of Latex Modified Cement Mortar JOURNAI OF BUILDING MATERIALS
[31]. 姚武,马一平,谈慕华,昊科如.聚丙烯纤维水泥基复合材料物理力学性能研究.建筑材料学报,2000
[32]. 李国芬,王宏畅,高敏杰,侯彦明. SBR改性和博尼维纤维加强沥青混合料路用性能试验,2007
[33]. CHEN He-xin, YU Zhong-wei, LV Xin-jiang, MENG Zi—qian Construction and Quality Control of SBR Modified Asphalt Mixture COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDIZATION 2007
[34]. Bian Hui, Li Lei Research on the Road Performance of Asphalt Mixture with Bonifibers and SBR Modified Asphalt Modern Transportation Technology 2007
[35]. 王培铭,讫绮,：STARK J.桥面用丁苯乳液改性水泥砂浆的力学性能.建筑 材料学报,2001
[36]. 何智海,刘宝浅.谈蒸汽养护条件下水泥一粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能.举科学研究,2006
[37]. 方荣利,刘敏,严刚.养护方式对大掺粉煤灰混凝土强度影响的研究房材与应用,1998
[38]. Rachel J. Detwiler Knut O Kjell, Odd E. Resistance to chloride intrusion of concrete cured[J]. ACI Materials Journal,1991,88(1):19-24.
[39]. YANJia-jia,MABao-guo,XINGWei—hon,WANGMing-yuan,WENXiao dong, Research on drying shrinkage and pore structure of cement-based material in different stream-curing temperature, Concrete,2008
[40]. 周文献,谢友均,孙立军.蒸养条件对超细粉煤灰混凝土强度的影响.混凝土,2003.6
[41]. 林学贵.水玻璃在建筑方面的应用.硅铝化舍物,2004
[42]. 张明龙.水玻璃对水泥浆液硬化的影响.江西煤炭科技,1999
[43]. 粉煤灰砖国家标准--中华人民共和国建材行业标准 代替JC239—1991(1996)
[44]. 张玉红,周斌等.砌块墙体二次干缩的试验研究.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002.1
[45]. 张姝.常见建筑砖砌体裂缝之我见.科技资讯,2006
[46]. 冯志龙.混凝土的干缩机理研究.应用能源技术,2008
[47]. 李伟,王丰强.浅谈混凝土冻融破坏机理及防治措施.建筑科学,2009
[48]. 李金玉,曹建国,徐文雨等.混凝土冻融破坏机的理研究.水利学报,1999.1
[49]. 蒋林华.混凝土材料学.河海大学出版社
[50]. 常铁军,高灵清,张海峰.材料现代研究方法.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005
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