新型低密度C/C隔热材料的制备研究
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摘要
实验针对高温隔热材料的应用背景,以研制代替传统的炭毡类隔热材料的新型高性能隔热材料为目的,采用炭纤维毡为预制体,热固性树脂为先驱体,经过浸渍、粘接、固化、炭化等工艺制备出新型低密度隔热炭／炭复合材料。研究了浸渍液的浓度、树脂和毡体的类型、层间粘接剂的浓度和类型、固化时所加的外部压力等因素对材料性能(密度、力学性能、导热系数)的影响,并根据实验结果得出了各因素的优化条件。用SEM观察了材料各种条件下的微观形貌,并对样品的分层机理和缺陷产生的原因进行了探讨。研究结果表明：采用密度为0.12g-cm-3的炭纤维针刺毡作为预制体、8%的环氧树脂溶液作为浸渍液,粘接剂选用65%的环氧树脂溶液,固化压力为1200Pa时,样品的密度为0.15g.cm-3,导热系数为0.18W/(m·K),弯曲强度为1.5MPa,压缩强度为0.5MPa,其各项性能指标均达到或超过预期值,且较传统炭毡类隔热材料具有明显的优势,是一种很有发展前景的高性能隔热材料。
利用化学气相沉积工艺对样品进行涂层处理的研究,经实验表明,当沉积温度为1050℃,沉积时间为3小时,N2流量为0.31/min,C3H6流量为0.151/min时,所得样品的密度为0.22g/cm-3,弯曲强度为1.1MPa,压缩强度为2.2MPa,导热系数为0.25W/(m-K)。涂层后的炭纤维表面所沉积的热解炭对内部结构起到了保护作用,可以抑制其使用过程中的消耗,劣化和粉化,从而到达延长隔热材料使用寿命,避免炉内产品受到污染的目的。
With the application background of high-temperature heat insulation materials and the purpose of developing new type excellent performance heat insulation materials instead of traditional carbon felt, with carbon fiber felt as perform and thermosetting resin as precursor, impregnation, adhesion, curing, carbonization process and so on is employed to prepare a new type low density heat insulation carbon/carbon composite. The influence factors on material properties (density, mechanical properties, Thermal conductivity) including solution concentration, type of resin and felt, type and concentration of agglutinant, curing pressure are studied, the optimal condition of each factor is fixed. The structure feature of the composites have been studied using SEM. Through studying SEM photographs of samples, mechanism of layer-separated and causes of micro-defects is discussed. The conclusions can be drawn as the following:when carbon fiber felt whose density is 0.12g·cm-3 is perform, epoxy resin is precursor, solution concentration is 8%, agglutinant type is epoxy resin, agglutinant solution concentration is 65%, curing pressure is 1200Pa, density of sample is 0.15g·cm-3, thermal conductivity is 0.18W/(m·K), bending strength is 1.5 MPa, compressive strength is 0.5 MPa, various performance index of sample reach or exceed expected value, and properties have advantages more than traditional carbon felt, it is more prospective excellent performance heat insulation materials.
Coating treatment is studied by CVD process. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. When deposition temperature is 1050℃, deposition time is 3 hours, N2 flow is 0.31/min, C3H6 flow is 0.151/min, density of sample is 0.22g/cm-3, bending strength is 1.1 MPa, compressive strength is 2.2 MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.25W/(m·K). Pyrolytic carbon on carbon fiber can protect internal structure, it can inhibit consumption, deterioration and pulverization of heat insulation materials, prolong its service life, avoid polluting products in furnace.
利用化学气相沉积工艺对样品进行涂层处理的研究,经实验表明,当沉积温度为1050℃,沉积时间为3小时,N2流量为0.31/min,C3H6流量为0.151/min时,所得样品的密度为0.22g/cm-3,弯曲强度为1.1MPa,压缩强度为2.2MPa,导热系数为0.25W/(m-K)。涂层后的炭纤维表面所沉积的热解炭对内部结构起到了保护作用,可以抑制其使用过程中的消耗,劣化和粉化,从而到达延长隔热材料使用寿命,避免炉内产品受到污染的目的。
With the application background of high-temperature heat insulation materials and the purpose of developing new type excellent performance heat insulation materials instead of traditional carbon felt, with carbon fiber felt as perform and thermosetting resin as precursor, impregnation, adhesion, curing, carbonization process and so on is employed to prepare a new type low density heat insulation carbon/carbon composite. The influence factors on material properties (density, mechanical properties, Thermal conductivity) including solution concentration, type of resin and felt, type and concentration of agglutinant, curing pressure are studied, the optimal condition of each factor is fixed. The structure feature of the composites have been studied using SEM. Through studying SEM photographs of samples, mechanism of layer-separated and causes of micro-defects is discussed. The conclusions can be drawn as the following:when carbon fiber felt whose density is 0.12g·cm-3 is perform, epoxy resin is precursor, solution concentration is 8%, agglutinant type is epoxy resin, agglutinant solution concentration is 65%, curing pressure is 1200Pa, density of sample is 0.15g·cm-3, thermal conductivity is 0.18W/(m·K), bending strength is 1.5 MPa, compressive strength is 0.5 MPa, various performance index of sample reach or exceed expected value, and properties have advantages more than traditional carbon felt, it is more prospective excellent performance heat insulation materials.
Coating treatment is studied by CVD process. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. When deposition temperature is 1050℃, deposition time is 3 hours, N2 flow is 0.31/min, C3H6 flow is 0.151/min, density of sample is 0.22g/cm-3, bending strength is 1.1 MPa, compressive strength is 2.2 MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.25W/(m·K). Pyrolytic carbon on carbon fiber can protect internal structure, it can inhibit consumption, deterioration and pulverization of heat insulation materials, prolong its service life, avoid polluting products in furnace.
引文
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[31]王德刚,仲蕾兰,顾利霞.氧化铝纤维的制备及应用.化工新型材料,2002,30(4)：17-19
[32]徐培勋.几种新型隔热耐火材料的性能及应用[J].山东陶瓷,1995,18(2).3238
[33]王飘鹏,张伟玄.玄武岩纤维的性能与应用.建材技术与应用,2002,5(4)：17-18
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