饲粮添加不同锌源和锌水平对肉鸡肉品质的影响及其机理研究
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摘要
本论文通过四个试验研究了肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同形态锌源和锌水平对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质、组织锌含量及相关酶活性的影响并在分子水平对锌的可能调控机制作初步探讨。
1.用468只商品代1日龄AA肉公雏进行试验,研究不同形态锌源和锌添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和血清生化指标的影响。锌源为无机硫酸锌(ZnSO4.7H2O,含锌量22.66%)以及络合强度分别为弱(Zn-AAC,含锌量11.93%,Qf为6.5)、中等(Zn-Pro B,含锌量13.27%,Qf为30.7)和偏极强(Zn-Pro A,含锌量18.61%,Qf为944.0)的三种有机锌源,共设置0、60、120和180 mg/kg四个锌添加水平,组成13个处理组,试验期42天。结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肉鸡的生长性能和胴体性能均无显著影响;2)与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌可以显著提高肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、全净膛率(P<0.1)以及血清中碱性磷酸酶的活力(P<0.1),但各添加水平间差异不显著。
2.对肉品质和组织锌含量的测定结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肉鸡肉品质的各项指标和组织锌含量均无显著影响；而加锌对胸肌黄度值、腿肌24小时pH值、腿肌剪切力以及胸、腿肌滴水损失和丙二醛含量均存在显著影响(P<0.1),加锌有提高胸肌红度值的趋势；2)加锌显著提高了胸肌的肌内脂肪含量(P<0.1),腿肌的肌内脂肪含量也有类似的提高趋势；3)加锌显著提高了胸、腿肌和肝脏组织中的锌含量(P<0.1)。
3.锌对肉鸡脂肪代谢和抗氧化性能的影响结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肝脏FAS、MDH、LPL和腹脂MDH和LPL酶活力和基因表达水平均无显著影响,与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌显著提高了肝脏FAS和LPL酶的活力和腹脂中MDH和LPL酶的活力(P<0.1),显著提高了肝脏MDH, FAS, LPL和腹脂中MDH和LPL基因表达水平；2)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中MT, CuZn-SOD基因表达水平和CuZn-SOD活力以及肝脏中MDA和MT含量均无显著影响。与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌可以显著提高肉鸡肝脏和胸、腿肌中CuZn-SOD活力(P<0.1),提高肝脏中MT含量(P<0.1),降低肝脏中MDA含量(P<0.1)；加锌可以显著提高肝脏和胸、腿肌中CuZn-SOD和MT基因表达水平(P<0.1)。
4.随机选取对照组和锌添加水平为120 mg/kg的ZnSO4.7H2O组各3个胸肌样品,采用三张双通道鸡全基因组cDNA表达谱芯片筛选锌对肉鸡胸肌基因表达的影响。结果表明：与不加锌的对照组相比,饲粮加锌后肉鸡胸肌中共有415个基因mRNA表达水平发生了显著变化(P<0.01),其中230个基因被上调,185个基因被下调。该研究结果可以为后期进一步研究锌调控肉品质的分子机理及相关基因功能提供参考。
综上所述,肉鸡实用饲粮中加锌可以促进肉鸡的生长,提高胴体性能,改善肉品质。各个锌源以及锌源与锌水平之间的互作以及各个锌添加水平对所考察指标的影响均不显著。锌可能是通过促进机体的脂肪合成代谢和增强机体的抗氧化性能改善肉品质。饲粮添加60 mg Zn/kg(饲粮总锌含量约90 mg Zn/kg)即可获得较好的肉品质,更高的添加水平对于改善肉品质无益。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental zinc (Zn) source and level on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, tissue Zn content and correlated enzyme activities in broilers. Furthermore, the molecular regulation mechanism of Zn on meat quality was studied.
468 one day old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were divided into 13 groups to study the effects of supplemental Zn source and level on growth performance, carcass traits and serum biochemical indicators. Dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal based diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 60,120 or 180 mg Zn/kg as ZnSO4.7H2O (22.66%Zn), Zn-AAC (slight complexation,11.93%Zn, Qf=6.5), Zn-Pro B (medium complexation,13.27%Zn, Qf=30.7), or Zn-Pro A (strong complexation,18.61%, Qf= 944.0). The experiment period was 42 days. The results showed that:1) Dietary supplemental Zn source and source x level interaction had no effect on growth and carcass traits in broilers; 2) Compared with the control, Zn supplement increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), percentage of eviscerated yield (P<0.1) and serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity (P<0.1), but no significant difference was observed among supplemental Zn levels.
2. Analysis of meat quality and tissue Zn content showed that:1) Dietary supplemental Zn source and source x level interaction had no influence on meat quality and tissue Zn concentration. Zn supplement improved b* value in breast muscle, pH at 24h and shear force in thigh muscle, drip loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) in breast and thigh muscle (P<0.1) and improved a* value in breast muscle (P=0.1159) compared with the control; 2) Compared with the control, dietary supplemental Zn significantly increased intramuscular fat (IMF) at the basis of fresh sample or dry matter (P<0.1) and Zn concentration in beast muslce, thigh muscle and liver (P<0.1).
3. The results of fat metabolism and antioxydation showed that:1) The expression and activities of FAS, MDH, LPL in liver or abdominal fat were not influenced by dietary supplemental Zn source and the interaction Zn source and level. Compared with the control, supplemental Zn significantly increased activities of FAS, LPL in liver and MDH, LPL in abdominal fat. Besides, dietary Zn supplement increased the expression of MDH, FAS, LPL in liver and MDH, LPL in abdominal fat.2) Dietary Zn source, level and source x level interaction had no influence on MT, CuZn-SOD expression in liver, breast and thigh muscle, CuZn-SOD activity, concentration of MDA and MT in liver. Supplemental Zn increased MT concentration (P< 0.1) in liver and CuZn-SOD (P< 0.1) activity in liver, breast and thigh muscle, and decrease MDA concentration in liver. Besides, the results were supported by the gene expression of CuZn-SOD and MT in liver, breast and thigh muscle.
4.3 breast muscle samples of the control and 120 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O group were chosen randomly and detected with three chicken 4×44 K gene chips. The results showed that, compared with the control, the expression of 415 genes significant changed (P< 0.01),230 genes were up-regulated and 185 genes were down-regulated (P< 0.01). Data of microarray provided more candidate genes involved in Zn modulating on meat quality in broilers.
Based on this study, it was concluded that supplemental Zn can improve growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality. However dietary Zn source and interaction of Zn source and level had no influence on these characters. Dietary supplemental 60 mg/kg Zn (about 90 mg/kg Zn in diet) is benefit to meat quality and no further improvement for higher level of supplemental Zn.
1.用468只商品代1日龄AA肉公雏进行试验,研究不同形态锌源和锌添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和血清生化指标的影响。锌源为无机硫酸锌(ZnSO4.7H2O,含锌量22.66%)以及络合强度分别为弱(Zn-AAC,含锌量11.93%,Qf为6.5)、中等(Zn-Pro B,含锌量13.27%,Qf为30.7)和偏极强(Zn-Pro A,含锌量18.61%,Qf为944.0)的三种有机锌源,共设置0、60、120和180 mg/kg四个锌添加水平,组成13个处理组,试验期42天。结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肉鸡的生长性能和胴体性能均无显著影响;2)与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌可以显著提高肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、全净膛率(P<0.1)以及血清中碱性磷酸酶的活力(P<0.1),但各添加水平间差异不显著。
2.对肉品质和组织锌含量的测定结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肉鸡肉品质的各项指标和组织锌含量均无显著影响；而加锌对胸肌黄度值、腿肌24小时pH值、腿肌剪切力以及胸、腿肌滴水损失和丙二醛含量均存在显著影响(P<0.1),加锌有提高胸肌红度值的趋势；2)加锌显著提高了胸肌的肌内脂肪含量(P<0.1),腿肌的肌内脂肪含量也有类似的提高趋势；3)加锌显著提高了胸、腿肌和肝脏组织中的锌含量(P<0.1)。
3.锌对肉鸡脂肪代谢和抗氧化性能的影响结果表明：1)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肝脏FAS、MDH、LPL和腹脂MDH和LPL酶活力和基因表达水平均无显著影响,与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌显著提高了肝脏FAS和LPL酶的活力和腹脂中MDH和LPL酶的活力(P<0.1),显著提高了肝脏MDH, FAS, LPL和腹脂中MDH和LPL基因表达水平；2)锌源以及锌源和锌水平之间的互作对肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中MT, CuZn-SOD基因表达水平和CuZn-SOD活力以及肝脏中MDA和MT含量均无显著影响。与不加锌的对照组相比,加锌可以显著提高肉鸡肝脏和胸、腿肌中CuZn-SOD活力(P<0.1),提高肝脏中MT含量(P<0.1),降低肝脏中MDA含量(P<0.1)；加锌可以显著提高肝脏和胸、腿肌中CuZn-SOD和MT基因表达水平(P<0.1)。
4.随机选取对照组和锌添加水平为120 mg/kg的ZnSO4.7H2O组各3个胸肌样品,采用三张双通道鸡全基因组cDNA表达谱芯片筛选锌对肉鸡胸肌基因表达的影响。结果表明：与不加锌的对照组相比,饲粮加锌后肉鸡胸肌中共有415个基因mRNA表达水平发生了显著变化(P<0.01),其中230个基因被上调,185个基因被下调。该研究结果可以为后期进一步研究锌调控肉品质的分子机理及相关基因功能提供参考。
综上所述,肉鸡实用饲粮中加锌可以促进肉鸡的生长,提高胴体性能,改善肉品质。各个锌源以及锌源与锌水平之间的互作以及各个锌添加水平对所考察指标的影响均不显著。锌可能是通过促进机体的脂肪合成代谢和增强机体的抗氧化性能改善肉品质。饲粮添加60 mg Zn/kg(饲粮总锌含量约90 mg Zn/kg)即可获得较好的肉品质,更高的添加水平对于改善肉品质无益。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental zinc (Zn) source and level on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, tissue Zn content and correlated enzyme activities in broilers. Furthermore, the molecular regulation mechanism of Zn on meat quality was studied.
468 one day old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were divided into 13 groups to study the effects of supplemental Zn source and level on growth performance, carcass traits and serum biochemical indicators. Dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal based diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 60,120 or 180 mg Zn/kg as ZnSO4.7H2O (22.66%Zn), Zn-AAC (slight complexation,11.93%Zn, Qf=6.5), Zn-Pro B (medium complexation,13.27%Zn, Qf=30.7), or Zn-Pro A (strong complexation,18.61%, Qf= 944.0). The experiment period was 42 days. The results showed that:1) Dietary supplemental Zn source and source x level interaction had no effect on growth and carcass traits in broilers; 2) Compared with the control, Zn supplement increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), percentage of eviscerated yield (P<0.1) and serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity (P<0.1), but no significant difference was observed among supplemental Zn levels.
2. Analysis of meat quality and tissue Zn content showed that:1) Dietary supplemental Zn source and source x level interaction had no influence on meat quality and tissue Zn concentration. Zn supplement improved b* value in breast muscle, pH at 24h and shear force in thigh muscle, drip loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) in breast and thigh muscle (P<0.1) and improved a* value in breast muscle (P=0.1159) compared with the control; 2) Compared with the control, dietary supplemental Zn significantly increased intramuscular fat (IMF) at the basis of fresh sample or dry matter (P<0.1) and Zn concentration in beast muslce, thigh muscle and liver (P<0.1).
3. The results of fat metabolism and antioxydation showed that:1) The expression and activities of FAS, MDH, LPL in liver or abdominal fat were not influenced by dietary supplemental Zn source and the interaction Zn source and level. Compared with the control, supplemental Zn significantly increased activities of FAS, LPL in liver and MDH, LPL in abdominal fat. Besides, dietary Zn supplement increased the expression of MDH, FAS, LPL in liver and MDH, LPL in abdominal fat.2) Dietary Zn source, level and source x level interaction had no influence on MT, CuZn-SOD expression in liver, breast and thigh muscle, CuZn-SOD activity, concentration of MDA and MT in liver. Supplemental Zn increased MT concentration (P< 0.1) in liver and CuZn-SOD (P< 0.1) activity in liver, breast and thigh muscle, and decrease MDA concentration in liver. Besides, the results were supported by the gene expression of CuZn-SOD and MT in liver, breast and thigh muscle.
4.3 breast muscle samples of the control and 120 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O group were chosen randomly and detected with three chicken 4×44 K gene chips. The results showed that, compared with the control, the expression of 415 genes significant changed (P< 0.01),230 genes were up-regulated and 185 genes were down-regulated (P< 0.01). Data of microarray provided more candidate genes involved in Zn modulating on meat quality in broilers.
Based on this study, it was concluded that supplemental Zn can improve growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality. However dietary Zn source and interaction of Zn source and level had no influence on these characters. Dietary supplemental 60 mg/kg Zn (about 90 mg/kg Zn in diet) is benefit to meat quality and no further improvement for higher level of supplemental Zn.
引文
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