薄差油层水淹层的计算机识别方法研究
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摘要
目前,中国很多油田的薄层产量已经占到油田总产量的一定比例,成为这些油田原油产能的主要增长区。针对大庆油田已经进入高含水后期,地下油水分布日趋复杂,开发层系已从过去的主力厚油层转向薄差油层(指厚度小于1.0m储层,本文包括大庆油田的表外储层),由于常规测井系列纵向分辨率低,径向探测深度浅,在测井曲线上水淹特征不明显,导致薄差层水淹层解释符合率较低,给油田注水开发、加密调整和剩余油描述等工作带来了极大困难,成为制约油田高效开发的“瓶颈”。因此,对薄油层的评价已成为国内外地质家和测井分析家的当务之急;如何消除储层岩性、物性及孔隙结构对电性响应的影响,突出水淹信息的测井响应特征成为薄差层水淹层测井解释符合率的关键。
解决薄层问题,一是研究新的探测器和新的测量方法;二是改进现有解释方法,充分利用现有测井资料。从原理上讲,要正确评价薄油层从第一方面入手是最有效的,但要花费大量的人力、物力及时间,而且无法充分利用现有资料。本文从测井原理本身出发,应用数学、测井和地质等分析方法,首先提高现有测井资料的单条测井曲线的纵向分辨率,然后应用常规分析程序进行储层的划分与评价,获得准确的储层参数。
本文首先对大庆杏树岗地区薄差层水淹层的水淹机理、测井响应特征以及综合解释方法进行了研究,针对各种测井方法的原理对其分别进行了有针对性地提高纵向分辨率的校正,对自然电位测井曲线利用地层分层方法进行了环境校正,反滤波方法提高了自然伽玛测井曲线的分辨率,利用分辨率匹配法提高了电阻率测井曲线的纵向分辨率等。以密闭取心检查井资料为基础,利用BP神经网络技术并结合储层参数的其他有效计算方法建立了孔、渗、饱等储层参数的精确计算模型,形成了一套适合于薄差层水淹层测井解释技术,大大提高了解释精度,而且对于中厚层、厚层水淹层测井解释也有很好的应用效果。
At present, production of thin layers in many oilfields of China has been accounted for a certain percentage of the total output , and has become the main increasing area of crude oil production capacity in these oilfields. Since Xingshugang area of Daqing oilfield has entered the late period of high water cut stage , in terms of water flooding development strategies and infilling drilling as well as residual oil characterization , like increased complexity in residual oil and gas distribution, shift of development series from thicker pays to thinner pays of inferior quality(i.e. pay zones less than 1.0m in thickness, outside-delimited reservoir included in this paper) result in less evident water-flooding characteristics on logging curve of conventional well logs. Those become“bottle neck”which constraints efficient development of the oilfield. Therefore, evaluation to thin oil layers is the most important thing to geologists and logging analysis experts at home and abroad ; the key to increase interpretation accordant rate of thin ,poor and flooded oil layers is how to cancel the effect which is generated into reservoir lithology, physical properties and pore structure to the response of electric property, and project well logging’s characters of water-flooded information.
There are two paths to solve straticulate problem. One is to study new detectors and new measuring methods, the other is to improve existing explanation methods and use existing logging datum sufficiently. Aspect of the first kind is the most effective to evaluate thin reservoir exactly by principle, but a large number of human forces ,finance and time is cost and existing datum is not used sufficiently . Mathematics, well logging and geology are applied by logging principle, firstly to increase longitudinal resolution of a single log curve, and secondly to divide and evaluate reservoir by conventional program and accurate reservoir parameters are obtained.
Water-flooded mechanics, well logging’s characters and integrated interpretation method of thin ,poor and flooded oil layers of Xingshugang district of Daqing oilfield is studied in this paper. Correction to increase longitudinal resolution is made according to principle of various well loggings. Environmental correction is made in spontaneous potential logging using stratigraphic lamination, inverse method is used to increase resolution in gamma logging ,and resolution matching method is applied to resistivity log, etc. Calculation model of reservoir parameters which are porosity, permeability, saturation degree is established , that is based on inclosed core datum and uses BP neutral network and other effective methods. Logging interpretation of thin, poor and flooded oil layers is formed, interpretation accuracy is greatly increased, and it is also applied to medial and thick oil layers.
解决薄层问题,一是研究新的探测器和新的测量方法;二是改进现有解释方法,充分利用现有测井资料。从原理上讲,要正确评价薄油层从第一方面入手是最有效的,但要花费大量的人力、物力及时间,而且无法充分利用现有资料。本文从测井原理本身出发,应用数学、测井和地质等分析方法,首先提高现有测井资料的单条测井曲线的纵向分辨率,然后应用常规分析程序进行储层的划分与评价,获得准确的储层参数。
本文首先对大庆杏树岗地区薄差层水淹层的水淹机理、测井响应特征以及综合解释方法进行了研究,针对各种测井方法的原理对其分别进行了有针对性地提高纵向分辨率的校正,对自然电位测井曲线利用地层分层方法进行了环境校正,反滤波方法提高了自然伽玛测井曲线的分辨率,利用分辨率匹配法提高了电阻率测井曲线的纵向分辨率等。以密闭取心检查井资料为基础,利用BP神经网络技术并结合储层参数的其他有效计算方法建立了孔、渗、饱等储层参数的精确计算模型,形成了一套适合于薄差层水淹层测井解释技术,大大提高了解释精度,而且对于中厚层、厚层水淹层测井解释也有很好的应用效果。
At present, production of thin layers in many oilfields of China has been accounted for a certain percentage of the total output , and has become the main increasing area of crude oil production capacity in these oilfields. Since Xingshugang area of Daqing oilfield has entered the late period of high water cut stage , in terms of water flooding development strategies and infilling drilling as well as residual oil characterization , like increased complexity in residual oil and gas distribution, shift of development series from thicker pays to thinner pays of inferior quality(i.e. pay zones less than 1.0m in thickness, outside-delimited reservoir included in this paper) result in less evident water-flooding characteristics on logging curve of conventional well logs. Those become“bottle neck”which constraints efficient development of the oilfield. Therefore, evaluation to thin oil layers is the most important thing to geologists and logging analysis experts at home and abroad ; the key to increase interpretation accordant rate of thin ,poor and flooded oil layers is how to cancel the effect which is generated into reservoir lithology, physical properties and pore structure to the response of electric property, and project well logging’s characters of water-flooded information.
There are two paths to solve straticulate problem. One is to study new detectors and new measuring methods, the other is to improve existing explanation methods and use existing logging datum sufficiently. Aspect of the first kind is the most effective to evaluate thin reservoir exactly by principle, but a large number of human forces ,finance and time is cost and existing datum is not used sufficiently . Mathematics, well logging and geology are applied by logging principle, firstly to increase longitudinal resolution of a single log curve, and secondly to divide and evaluate reservoir by conventional program and accurate reservoir parameters are obtained.
Water-flooded mechanics, well logging’s characters and integrated interpretation method of thin ,poor and flooded oil layers of Xingshugang district of Daqing oilfield is studied in this paper. Correction to increase longitudinal resolution is made according to principle of various well loggings. Environmental correction is made in spontaneous potential logging using stratigraphic lamination, inverse method is used to increase resolution in gamma logging ,and resolution matching method is applied to resistivity log, etc. Calculation model of reservoir parameters which are porosity, permeability, saturation degree is established , that is based on inclosed core datum and uses BP neutral network and other effective methods. Logging interpretation of thin, poor and flooded oil layers is formed, interpretation accuracy is greatly increased, and it is also applied to medial and thick oil layers.
引文
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