天台森林公园森林资源分布及生态系统服务功能研究
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摘要
森林是生态环境的重要组成部分之一,是开展森林旅游的重要前提。开展森林资源动态研究和管理,可以查清森林、林地和林木资源的种类、数量、质量与分布。根据掌握和了解该地区森林资源现状和森林经营状况,对森林资源的动态变化做出科学的预测,为森林资源保护与开发提供基础资料,为漳平天台国家森林公园可持续发展提供科学决策依据。通过漳平天台国家森林公园森林资源二类调查,野生动植物种类样线调查,探讨植物地理分布,计算野生动植物生物多样性指数,评估生态服务功能价值,得到主要研究结论如下:
(1)漳平天台国家森林公园林分面积占景区面积74.89%、天然林所占面积3988.24 hm2,水源涵养林面积为1301.8037 hm2,立地质量中等偏好,阔叶林面积为1869.133 hm2,近熟林面积为1299.6hm2,总蓄积量243436 m3,平均每公顷蓄积量72.5756 m3,不同树种组成的年龄结构正逐步趋于老龄化。
(2)漳平天台国家森林公园维管植物有180科679属1422种,分别占全省科77.92%、属54.02%、种数的38.11%,蕨类植物有31科53属91种,裸子植物有6科8属12种,被子植物有143科618属1319种。在科、属两级水平上,该森林公园维管植物的表征科是蔷薇科、豆科、菊科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、唇形花科、大戟科、桑科、山茶科、壳斗科、等科及其科下属。科的地理分布主要是泛热带分布(55.88%)、北温带分布(16.67%)、热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布(10.78%)和中国特有分布(0.98%)等。属的地理分布主要是泛热带分布(28.22%)、热带亚洲分布(13.05%)、北温带分布(11.99%)、东亚分布(11.46%)和中国特有分布(3%)等。从地理分布区类型来看,科的热带分布的比例(76.0%)大于温带分布的比例(21.0%),属的热带分布的比例(61%)也大于温带分布的比例(25%)。漳平天台国家森林公园植物群落具有典型的中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落特征。
(3)漳平天台国家森林公园维管植物多样性G-F指数较高,该地区地理环境优越,土肥水丰,植物物种丰富;两栖动物属的多样性DG指数和科的多样性DF指数均比较低;爬行动物属的多样性DG指数和科的多样性DF指数别为3.5619、7.7898,G-F指数为0.5427;兽类属的多样性DG指数、科的多样性DF指数和DG-F指数分别为3.3854、7.7839、0.5651;鸟类属的多样性DG指数、科的多样性DF指数和DG-F指数分别为4.5018、26.2122、0.8283,目前应加强对重点保护动植物的栖息地维护,维护漳平天台国家森林公园生态平衡。
(4)漳平天台国家森林公园生态服务价值中直接经济价值为2682.811万元/a,其中林产品价值为1105.811万元/a,森林游憩与生态文化价值为1577万元/a;间接经济价值为12690.05万元/a,其中涵养水源价值为2815.2569万元/a;固土经济价值为4.5005万元/a;减轻泥沙淤积经济效益12.8235万元/a;N、P、K以及有机质保肥价值为2756.566万元/a;固定CO2经济价值为2177.3875万元/a;释放O2经济价值为2150.3288万元/a;吸收SO2经济价值为17.4844万元/a;阻滞粉尘经济价值为2755.7033万元/a;漳平天台国家森林公园生态服务价值总生态服务功能价值为15372.86万元/a。
研究建议,根据漳平天台国家森林公园森林资源现状,充分发展森林旅游,同时进一步保护当地野生动植物栖息环境,为动植物资源的保存与繁衍创造更好地生态环境,实现林业可持续发展,为生物多样性保护创造了十分有利的条件,并使森林生态服务价值充分体现,森林资源和生态旅游资源得到持续利用。
Forest is one of the most important elements of ecological environment and it is the basis of forestry.And it is a major precondition of developing forest tourism.Dynamics of forest resources and management can make a thorough investigation of forest,forest land and species,quantity, quality,and distribution of forest wood resources.Based on the forest resources current situation and forest management status of local area,scientific predictions on dynamic change of forest resources were made,fundamental materials for forest resources conservation and development were provided,and evidences of scientific decision making for Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park sustainable development were proposed in this paper.According to forest resources management survey and wild plants and animals line sampling method investigation of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,the plant geographical distribution were studied,biodiversity indices of wild plants and animals were calculated,ecological service values were evaluated.The main results were listed as follows:
(1)According to forest resources management survey of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,Forest land area occupied 74.89% land type area,the area of natural forest and water conservation forest was 3988.24 hm2 and 1301.8037 hm2 respectively,the forest soil site quality from middling to good,broad leaves forest area was 1299.6hm2,the total forest cover volume was 243436 m3 with the average forest cover volume was 72.5756 m3,the age structure of different species composition was tending to aging in the recent years later.
Based on the results of plot investigation,there were 1422 vascular plants,belonging to 180 families and 679 genera in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,in the respective percentage of 38.11,77.92 and 54.02 compared with the flora of Fujian province.Of the species,91 species belonging to 31 families and 53 genera were pteridophyte,12 species belonging to 6 families and 8 genera were gymnosperm,and 1319 species belonging to 143 families and 618 genera were angiosperm.The characteristic families in forest park were Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Compositae,Gramineae,Ericaceae,Labiatae,Euphorbiaceae,Moraceae,Theaceae,Fagaceae families and their genes.The main geographical elements of families were Pantropi(c55.88%),North Temperate(16.67%),Tropical Asia and Tropical American disjuncted(10.78%)and Endemic to China(0.98%),etc.The main geographical elements of genera were Pantropic(28.22%),Tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia) (13.05%),North Temperate(11.99%),East Asia(11.46%)and Endemic to China(3%),etc.According to the patterns of geographical distribution,the percentage of tropical distribution(76%)in families over the percentage of temperate distribution(21%),whereas the percentage of tropical distribution(61%)in genera over the percentage of temperate distribution(25%).Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park forest community was a typical characterization of the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leave forest.
With the superior geographical environment,rich in soil fertility and water resources and plenty plant species in local area,vascular plants diversity G-F was relatively high.Amphibians diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 3.5619,7.7898 and 0.5427 respectively.Mammals diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 3.3854,7.7839 and 0.5651 respectively.Avian diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 4.5018,26.2122 and 0.8283 respectively.At present we should strengthen the protection the habitat of the animals and plant under key protection in order to maintain the ecological balance of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park.
The direct economic value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 26.8281million yuan(Chinese RMB)per year,including the value of forest products was 11.0581 million yuan per year,and the value of forest recreation and ecological culture 15.77 million yuan per year.The indirect economic value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 28.1526 million yuan per year,of which,28.1526 million yuan for conserving headwaters,45 thousand yuan for soil conservation economic value,128 thousand yuan for easing sediment accumulation economic value,27.5657 million yuan for fertilizer conservation economic value in N,P,K and soil organic matter,21.7739 million yuan for carbon fixation and reducing green house effect,21.5033 million yuan for Oxygen releasing,170 thousand yuan for assimilation SO2 economic value,27.5570 million yuan for preventing dust retention economic value.The result revealed that the total value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 153.7286 million yuan per year.
The research suggested that local government should fully develop forest tourism and further protect the habitat of local wild plants and animals which created a better ecological environment for the preservation and reproduction of the plant and animal resources and achieved forestry sustainable development.Also it cerates a favorable conditions for biodiversity protection and fully reflects forest ecological service value,which make forest resource and ecotourism resource for sustainable utilization.
(1)漳平天台国家森林公园林分面积占景区面积74.89%、天然林所占面积3988.24 hm2,水源涵养林面积为1301.8037 hm2,立地质量中等偏好,阔叶林面积为1869.133 hm2,近熟林面积为1299.6hm2,总蓄积量243436 m3,平均每公顷蓄积量72.5756 m3,不同树种组成的年龄结构正逐步趋于老龄化。
(2)漳平天台国家森林公园维管植物有180科679属1422种,分别占全省科77.92%、属54.02%、种数的38.11%,蕨类植物有31科53属91种,裸子植物有6科8属12种,被子植物有143科618属1319种。在科、属两级水平上,该森林公园维管植物的表征科是蔷薇科、豆科、菊科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、唇形花科、大戟科、桑科、山茶科、壳斗科、等科及其科下属。科的地理分布主要是泛热带分布(55.88%)、北温带分布(16.67%)、热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布(10.78%)和中国特有分布(0.98%)等。属的地理分布主要是泛热带分布(28.22%)、热带亚洲分布(13.05%)、北温带分布(11.99%)、东亚分布(11.46%)和中国特有分布(3%)等。从地理分布区类型来看,科的热带分布的比例(76.0%)大于温带分布的比例(21.0%),属的热带分布的比例(61%)也大于温带分布的比例(25%)。漳平天台国家森林公园植物群落具有典型的中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落特征。
(3)漳平天台国家森林公园维管植物多样性G-F指数较高,该地区地理环境优越,土肥水丰,植物物种丰富;两栖动物属的多样性DG指数和科的多样性DF指数均比较低;爬行动物属的多样性DG指数和科的多样性DF指数别为3.5619、7.7898,G-F指数为0.5427;兽类属的多样性DG指数、科的多样性DF指数和DG-F指数分别为3.3854、7.7839、0.5651;鸟类属的多样性DG指数、科的多样性DF指数和DG-F指数分别为4.5018、26.2122、0.8283,目前应加强对重点保护动植物的栖息地维护,维护漳平天台国家森林公园生态平衡。
(4)漳平天台国家森林公园生态服务价值中直接经济价值为2682.811万元/a,其中林产品价值为1105.811万元/a,森林游憩与生态文化价值为1577万元/a;间接经济价值为12690.05万元/a,其中涵养水源价值为2815.2569万元/a;固土经济价值为4.5005万元/a;减轻泥沙淤积经济效益12.8235万元/a;N、P、K以及有机质保肥价值为2756.566万元/a;固定CO2经济价值为2177.3875万元/a;释放O2经济价值为2150.3288万元/a;吸收SO2经济价值为17.4844万元/a;阻滞粉尘经济价值为2755.7033万元/a;漳平天台国家森林公园生态服务价值总生态服务功能价值为15372.86万元/a。
研究建议,根据漳平天台国家森林公园森林资源现状,充分发展森林旅游,同时进一步保护当地野生动植物栖息环境,为动植物资源的保存与繁衍创造更好地生态环境,实现林业可持续发展,为生物多样性保护创造了十分有利的条件,并使森林生态服务价值充分体现,森林资源和生态旅游资源得到持续利用。
Forest is one of the most important elements of ecological environment and it is the basis of forestry.And it is a major precondition of developing forest tourism.Dynamics of forest resources and management can make a thorough investigation of forest,forest land and species,quantity, quality,and distribution of forest wood resources.Based on the forest resources current situation and forest management status of local area,scientific predictions on dynamic change of forest resources were made,fundamental materials for forest resources conservation and development were provided,and evidences of scientific decision making for Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park sustainable development were proposed in this paper.According to forest resources management survey and wild plants and animals line sampling method investigation of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,the plant geographical distribution were studied,biodiversity indices of wild plants and animals were calculated,ecological service values were evaluated.The main results were listed as follows:
(1)According to forest resources management survey of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,Forest land area occupied 74.89% land type area,the area of natural forest and water conservation forest was 3988.24 hm2 and 1301.8037 hm2 respectively,the forest soil site quality from middling to good,broad leaves forest area was 1299.6hm2,the total forest cover volume was 243436 m3 with the average forest cover volume was 72.5756 m3,the age structure of different species composition was tending to aging in the recent years later.
Based on the results of plot investigation,there were 1422 vascular plants,belonging to 180 families and 679 genera in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park,in the respective percentage of 38.11,77.92 and 54.02 compared with the flora of Fujian province.Of the species,91 species belonging to 31 families and 53 genera were pteridophyte,12 species belonging to 6 families and 8 genera were gymnosperm,and 1319 species belonging to 143 families and 618 genera were angiosperm.The characteristic families in forest park were Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Compositae,Gramineae,Ericaceae,Labiatae,Euphorbiaceae,Moraceae,Theaceae,Fagaceae families and their genes.The main geographical elements of families were Pantropi(c55.88%),North Temperate(16.67%),Tropical Asia and Tropical American disjuncted(10.78%)and Endemic to China(0.98%),etc.The main geographical elements of genera were Pantropic(28.22%),Tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia) (13.05%),North Temperate(11.99%),East Asia(11.46%)and Endemic to China(3%),etc.According to the patterns of geographical distribution,the percentage of tropical distribution(76%)in families over the percentage of temperate distribution(21%),whereas the percentage of tropical distribution(61%)in genera over the percentage of temperate distribution(25%).Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park forest community was a typical characterization of the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leave forest.
With the superior geographical environment,rich in soil fertility and water resources and plenty plant species in local area,vascular plants diversity G-F was relatively high.Amphibians diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 3.5619,7.7898 and 0.5427 respectively.Mammals diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 3.3854,7.7839 and 0.5651 respectively.Avian diversity indices DG in gene and DF in family were low,reptiles diversity indices DG in gene,DF in family and DG-F were 4.5018,26.2122 and 0.8283 respectively.At present we should strengthen the protection the habitat of the animals and plant under key protection in order to maintain the ecological balance of Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park.
The direct economic value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 26.8281million yuan(Chinese RMB)per year,including the value of forest products was 11.0581 million yuan per year,and the value of forest recreation and ecological culture 15.77 million yuan per year.The indirect economic value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 28.1526 million yuan per year,of which,28.1526 million yuan for conserving headwaters,45 thousand yuan for soil conservation economic value,128 thousand yuan for easing sediment accumulation economic value,27.5657 million yuan for fertilizer conservation economic value in N,P,K and soil organic matter,21.7739 million yuan for carbon fixation and reducing green house effect,21.5033 million yuan for Oxygen releasing,170 thousand yuan for assimilation SO2 economic value,27.5570 million yuan for preventing dust retention economic value.The result revealed that the total value of ecological service value in Zhangping Tiantai National Forest Park was 153.7286 million yuan per year.
The research suggested that local government should fully develop forest tourism and further protect the habitat of local wild plants and animals which created a better ecological environment for the preservation and reproduction of the plant and animal resources and achieved forestry sustainable development.Also it cerates a favorable conditions for biodiversity protection and fully reflects forest ecological service value,which make forest resource and ecotourism resource for sustainable utilization.
引文
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