信息融合聚类方法在锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究
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摘要
如何确保锅炉安全、经济运行，有效降低火电厂的发电成本是电厂亟待解决的问题。锅炉燃烧系统的控制水平对电厂运行的安全性和经济性影响很大，因此研究锅炉燃烧系统的控制问题具有重要的理论和实际意义。本论文致力于研究如何将信息融合聚类方法应用于锅炉燃烧系统的控制中，从而实现锅炉安全、经济运行，降低发电成本。
本文针对锅炉燃烧系统难以控制及燃烧过程变量众多聚类效果不理想等问题进行了深入研究，具体研究工作如下：
首先，深入研究多传感器信息融合的方法，同时对多传感器信息融合中的融合结构和功能结构进行了说明与设计，并对在系统中应用的ART2网络、BP网络工作算法进行了的研究。通过对传感器信息融合方法、混合神经网络方法的研究，提出了针对循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)燃烧过程的闭环控制系统。
其次，研究并给出了循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统的密相区、过渡区、稀相区的动态能量平衡方程、动态物料平衡方程、动态炭质量平衡方程、动态氧量平衡方程、蒸发区压力动态平衡方程。通过对燃烧系统中汽压、床温、含氧量、料层差压被控对象的现场动态响应曲线研究，给出了汽压、床温、含氧量、料层差压在给煤量、一次风、二次风、料层厚度、燃烧率扰动下的数学模型及矩阵方程。
再次，研究了基于传感器信息融合和聚类分析方法的锅炉控制问题。利用多传感器信息融合思想及混合神经网络对循环流化床锅炉研究并设计了基于多传感器信息融合的锅炉燃烧过程聚类控制系统，从数据级、特征级到决策级进行了完整的数据融合，获得了对工况完整的描述，并根据每一类别所描述的过程行为特点，采取了相应的控制策略。仿真实验证明了本文所设计的控制系统的有效性，尤其是在各种传感器失效的情况下，控制系统仍有令人满意的控制效果。
最后，研究了针对汽包煤粉锅炉中参数过多聚类效果不理想的问题，提出了基于自适应粒子群的模糊聚类算法并对锅炉中一次风、二次风、氧量、排烟温度等物理量进行模糊聚类，仿真实验表明该方法可以有效的克服FCM方法中对初始值敏感、容易陷入局部最小值带来的问题。
The issues of how to run the boiler in a safe and economical manner and reduce thegeneration cost in an efficient way is the top urgency in thermal power plants. The controllevel of boiler combustion system has a great effect on the safety and economy of plantoperation, thus research on boiler control is of highly theoretical and realistic significance.This paper focuses on how to apply the information fusion clustering method into boilercombustion system control for the sake of a safe and economical running and lowergeneration cost.
A deep and thorough study has been carried on into the problems of uncontrollabilityof the combustion system, large number of variables and unsatisfactory clustering effect inthe combustion process. It is conducted as follows.
First of all, based on the comprehensive study of multi-sensor information fusion,this research describes and designs the fusion structure and function structure inmulti-sensor information fusion system, then the applied ART2network and BP networkalgorithm in this system is explored. After discussing sensor information fusion methodand Hybrid neural network method, the closed loop control system on CFBB combustionprocess is proposed.
Then, it studies and introduces the dynamic energy balance equation, dynamicmaterial balance equation, dynamic carbon balance equation, dynamic oxygen balanceequation and evaporation area pressure dynamic balance equation of dense-phase area,transition area and dilute-phase area in the circulating fluidized bed boiler combustionsystem. After the study of vapor pressure, bed temperature, oxygen content and materiallayer different pressure controlled object site dynamic response curve, the mathematicalmodel and matrix equation on vapor pressure, bed temperature, oxygen content andmaterial layer different pressure are proposed with variation of coal feeding, primary air,secondary air, bed thickness and combustion rate disturbance.
Furthermore, with combination of sensor-based information fusion and clusteringmethod, this paper researches on boiler control problems. It studies control problems of CFBB combustion system based on multi-sensor information fusion and hybrid neuralnetwork, meanwhile it designs boiler combustion clustering fusion control system basedon multi-sensor information fusion, ranging from data level to feature level and todecision level. And it has made a complete data fusion getting a thorough description ofoperating condition, and carried corresponding control strategy according to the operationfeatures of each group. The simulation experiment proves that this design of the controlsystem has strong feasibility and effectiveness, and the control system still has satisfactorycontrol effect especially in the case of failure of all sensors.
Finally, to overcome excessive variables and unsatisfactory clustering effect inpulverized coal fired boiler running, this research has put forward fuzzy clustering methodbased on adaptive particle swarm and carried out fuzzy clustering on physical quantities ofprimary air, secondary air, oxygen content and exhaust gas temperature. The simulationexperiment proves that the clustering algorithm can effectively settle the problems broughtby initial value sensitivity and getting in local minimum in FCM.
本文针对锅炉燃烧系统难以控制及燃烧过程变量众多聚类效果不理想等问题进行了深入研究，具体研究工作如下：
首先，深入研究多传感器信息融合的方法，同时对多传感器信息融合中的融合结构和功能结构进行了说明与设计，并对在系统中应用的ART2网络、BP网络工作算法进行了的研究。通过对传感器信息融合方法、混合神经网络方法的研究，提出了针对循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)燃烧过程的闭环控制系统。
其次，研究并给出了循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统的密相区、过渡区、稀相区的动态能量平衡方程、动态物料平衡方程、动态炭质量平衡方程、动态氧量平衡方程、蒸发区压力动态平衡方程。通过对燃烧系统中汽压、床温、含氧量、料层差压被控对象的现场动态响应曲线研究，给出了汽压、床温、含氧量、料层差压在给煤量、一次风、二次风、料层厚度、燃烧率扰动下的数学模型及矩阵方程。
再次，研究了基于传感器信息融合和聚类分析方法的锅炉控制问题。利用多传感器信息融合思想及混合神经网络对循环流化床锅炉研究并设计了基于多传感器信息融合的锅炉燃烧过程聚类控制系统，从数据级、特征级到决策级进行了完整的数据融合，获得了对工况完整的描述，并根据每一类别所描述的过程行为特点，采取了相应的控制策略。仿真实验证明了本文所设计的控制系统的有效性，尤其是在各种传感器失效的情况下，控制系统仍有令人满意的控制效果。
最后，研究了针对汽包煤粉锅炉中参数过多聚类效果不理想的问题，提出了基于自适应粒子群的模糊聚类算法并对锅炉中一次风、二次风、氧量、排烟温度等物理量进行模糊聚类，仿真实验表明该方法可以有效的克服FCM方法中对初始值敏感、容易陷入局部最小值带来的问题。
The issues of how to run the boiler in a safe and economical manner and reduce thegeneration cost in an efficient way is the top urgency in thermal power plants. The controllevel of boiler combustion system has a great effect on the safety and economy of plantoperation, thus research on boiler control is of highly theoretical and realistic significance.This paper focuses on how to apply the information fusion clustering method into boilercombustion system control for the sake of a safe and economical running and lowergeneration cost.
A deep and thorough study has been carried on into the problems of uncontrollabilityof the combustion system, large number of variables and unsatisfactory clustering effect inthe combustion process. It is conducted as follows.
First of all, based on the comprehensive study of multi-sensor information fusion,this research describes and designs the fusion structure and function structure inmulti-sensor information fusion system, then the applied ART2network and BP networkalgorithm in this system is explored. After discussing sensor information fusion methodand Hybrid neural network method, the closed loop control system on CFBB combustionprocess is proposed.
Then, it studies and introduces the dynamic energy balance equation, dynamicmaterial balance equation, dynamic carbon balance equation, dynamic oxygen balanceequation and evaporation area pressure dynamic balance equation of dense-phase area,transition area and dilute-phase area in the circulating fluidized bed boiler combustionsystem. After the study of vapor pressure, bed temperature, oxygen content and materiallayer different pressure controlled object site dynamic response curve, the mathematicalmodel and matrix equation on vapor pressure, bed temperature, oxygen content andmaterial layer different pressure are proposed with variation of coal feeding, primary air,secondary air, bed thickness and combustion rate disturbance.
Furthermore, with combination of sensor-based information fusion and clusteringmethod, this paper researches on boiler control problems. It studies control problems of CFBB combustion system based on multi-sensor information fusion and hybrid neuralnetwork, meanwhile it designs boiler combustion clustering fusion control system basedon multi-sensor information fusion, ranging from data level to feature level and todecision level. And it has made a complete data fusion getting a thorough description ofoperating condition, and carried corresponding control strategy according to the operationfeatures of each group. The simulation experiment proves that this design of the controlsystem has strong feasibility and effectiveness, and the control system still has satisfactorycontrol effect especially in the case of failure of all sensors.
Finally, to overcome excessive variables and unsatisfactory clustering effect inpulverized coal fired boiler running, this research has put forward fuzzy clustering methodbased on adaptive particle swarm and carried out fuzzy clustering on physical quantities ofprimary air, secondary air, oxygen content and exhaust gas temperature. The simulationexperiment proves that the clustering algorithm can effectively settle the problems broughtby initial value sensitivity and getting in local minimum in FCM.
引文
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