弹性波透地通信信道探测关键技术的研究
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摘要
通过论述国内外信道探测技术的研究现状和比较几种常见探测方法的优劣,依据矿井通信的发展需求,并借助地震波勘探理论,论文深入讨论了低频弹性波在大地媒质中的传播规律,结合大地的介质结构,论述了大地媒质中波动参数对弹性波传播的影响,并重点分析了弹性波在均匀各向同性介质和不均匀介质中的传输特性及波动方程。
针对大地信道的专属特性作了详细分析,主要论述大地信道的恒参特性和低通滤波作用,大地对弹性波的衰减具有频率选择性,重点讨论了压电效应、波导效应以及多径效应对弹性波传播的影响,结合透地信道的衰减特性,分析了弹性波在大地中的反射、折射和透射情况。
基于对大地信道特性的分析,本文重点设计了弹性波的信道探测方案,搭建了信道探测系统,采取Chirp-CHEC联合探测的方法,找到弹性波在大地中的最佳传输频段和信道参数,并对大地信道进行了子信道划分,再用误码计数探测找到每个子信道的误码率,把信道探测结果填入到LQA报表中。本文介绍了信道参数的提取方法和准则,对吸收衰减、多径时延和最佳频率做了深入分析。最后,对弹性波信道探测系统做了选频仿真。结果表明该系统工作正常,可以实现对信道的选频功能。
本文的研究成果为弹性波透地通信系统提供参数支持,对矿井通信、隧道通信、军用地下通信、地质勘探等领域有参考价值。
The research level for channel detection technology and the comparison of several common detection methods were introduced in this paper. According to the development needs of mine communication, this paper gave a further discussion on the propagation rule of elastic wave in the stratum medium by using theory of seismic exploration. Combining with the stratum medium structure, the paper discussed the influence of wave parameters on the elastic wave propagation in earth, emphatically analyzed transmission characteristics and wave equation of elastic wave in isotropic and uneven medium.
Exclusive characteristics of the earth channel were analyzed, including invariable parameter characteristics and low-pass filter function of the earth channel. The earth has frequency selectivity for elastic wave attenuation. The influence of piezoelectric effect, waveguide effect and multi-path effect was discussed deeply. Reflection, refraction and transmission of elastic wave were analyzed with the attenuation characteristics in earth.
With the analysis of the earth channel characteristics, channel detection scheme was designed, detection system was built, the best frequency and channel parameters of the elastic wave was found by taking Chirp-CHEC detection methods. The earth channel was divided into sub-channels, each sub-channel BER was found by error count detection method, and detection results were filled into LQA forms. The extraction methods and standards of channel parameters were discussed. Absorptive attenuation, multi-path delay and best frequency were analyzed. Finally, frequency selective simulation of channel detection system was provided. Results showed the system worked normally, and realized the function of choosing frequency.
The research achievements can provide parameters support for through-the-earth communication system of elastic wave, and have reference value to mine communication, tunnel communication, military underground tunnel communication, geological prospecting and so on.
针对大地信道的专属特性作了详细分析,主要论述大地信道的恒参特性和低通滤波作用,大地对弹性波的衰减具有频率选择性,重点讨论了压电效应、波导效应以及多径效应对弹性波传播的影响,结合透地信道的衰减特性,分析了弹性波在大地中的反射、折射和透射情况。
基于对大地信道特性的分析,本文重点设计了弹性波的信道探测方案,搭建了信道探测系统,采取Chirp-CHEC联合探测的方法,找到弹性波在大地中的最佳传输频段和信道参数,并对大地信道进行了子信道划分,再用误码计数探测找到每个子信道的误码率,把信道探测结果填入到LQA报表中。本文介绍了信道参数的提取方法和准则,对吸收衰减、多径时延和最佳频率做了深入分析。最后,对弹性波信道探测系统做了选频仿真。结果表明该系统工作正常,可以实现对信道的选频功能。
本文的研究成果为弹性波透地通信系统提供参数支持,对矿井通信、隧道通信、军用地下通信、地质勘探等领域有参考价值。
The research level for channel detection technology and the comparison of several common detection methods were introduced in this paper. According to the development needs of mine communication, this paper gave a further discussion on the propagation rule of elastic wave in the stratum medium by using theory of seismic exploration. Combining with the stratum medium structure, the paper discussed the influence of wave parameters on the elastic wave propagation in earth, emphatically analyzed transmission characteristics and wave equation of elastic wave in isotropic and uneven medium.
Exclusive characteristics of the earth channel were analyzed, including invariable parameter characteristics and low-pass filter function of the earth channel. The earth has frequency selectivity for elastic wave attenuation. The influence of piezoelectric effect, waveguide effect and multi-path effect was discussed deeply. Reflection, refraction and transmission of elastic wave were analyzed with the attenuation characteristics in earth.
With the analysis of the earth channel characteristics, channel detection scheme was designed, detection system was built, the best frequency and channel parameters of the elastic wave was found by taking Chirp-CHEC detection methods. The earth channel was divided into sub-channels, each sub-channel BER was found by error count detection method, and detection results were filled into LQA forms. The extraction methods and standards of channel parameters were discussed. Absorptive attenuation, multi-path delay and best frequency were analyzed. Finally, frequency selective simulation of channel detection system was provided. Results showed the system worked normally, and realized the function of choosing frequency.
The research achievements can provide parameters support for through-the-earth communication system of elastic wave, and have reference value to mine communication, tunnel communication, military underground tunnel communication, geological prospecting and so on.
引文
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31.Joaquin Miguez, Luis Castedo. Space-time channel estimation and soft detection in time-varying multiaccess channels[J], Signal Processing,2004,83(2):389-411
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33. Sandro Carrara, Vijayender Bhalla, Claudio Stagni, Luca Benini, Anna Ferretti, Francesco Valle, Andrea Gallotta, Bruno Ricco, Bruno Samori. Label-free cancer markers detection by capacitance biochip[J], Sensors and Actuators B,2009,136(1):163-172
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2.李文耀,煤矿井下无线通信的现状及发展[J].机械管理开发,2005年2月：53-54
3. Ian F. Akyildiz, Zhi Sun, Mehmet C. Vuran. Signal propagation techniques for wireless underground communication networks[J], Physical Communication,2009,2(3):167-183
4.司徒梦天.解决地下通信技术难题的方案及关键设备[J],中国工程科学,2001,3(7)：64-69
5. Launa Mallett, Charles Vaught, Michael J. Brnich Jr. Sociotechnical communication in an underground mine fire:a study of warning messages during an emergency evacuation[J]. Safety Science,1993,16(5-6):709-728
6. Chirdon D, Barkand T, Damiano N, Dolinar K, Dransite G, Hill J, Retzer P, Shumaker W. Emergency Communication and Tracking Committee Underground Communication and Tracking Systems Tests at CONSOL Energy Inc,McElroy Mine[J], Mine Safety and Health Administration, Technical Support, Report of Findings,2006,7(13)
7.陶晋宜.甚低频电磁波穿透地层无线通信系统若干问题的探讨[J],太原理工大学学报,2000,31(6)：690-693
8. V.I. Alshits, G.A. Maugin. Dynamics of multilayers:elastic waves in an anisotropic graded or stratified plate[J].2005,41(4):357-394
9. Helmut Riedel, Birger Kollmeier. Comparison of binaural auditory brainstem responses and the binaural difference potential evoked by Chirps and clicks[J], Hearing Research, 2002,169(1-2):85-96
10.吴诗其,朱立东.通信系统概论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007,54-58
11.秦建存,陈常嘉.基于信道探测的对流层单载波传输技术研究,通信学报,2008,29(2)：129-133
12. Christopher Spankovich, Linda J. Hood, D. Wesley Grantham, Daniel B. Polley. Application of frequency modulated Chirp stimuli for rapid and sensitive ABR measurements in the rat[J], Hearing Research,2008,245(1-2):92-97
13.李晓陆.Chirp探测技术及其在短波通信中的应用[J],舰船电子工程,2005,25(147)： 96-100
14.张强.IEEE802.22中WRAN系统信道的探测[J],信息技术,2007,26(3)：26-28
15. A. K. Sharma, P. A. Naik, P. D. Gupta. Estimation of higher order Chirp in ultrashort laser pulses using modified spectrum auto-interferometric correlation[J], Optics Communications,2004,233(4-6):431-437
16.尹长川,罗涛,乐光新.多载波宽带无线通信技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2004
17. Jayesh H. Kotecha, Petar M. Djuri. Blind sequential detection for Rayleigh fading channels using hybrid Monte Carlo-recursive identification algorithms[J], Signal Processing,2004,84(5):825-832
18. M. Pollakowski, H. Ermert, L. von Bernus, T. Schmeidl. The optimum bandwidth of Chirp signals in ultrasonic applications[J], Ultrasonics,1993,31(6):417-420
19.苏茂鑫。减少吸收衰减影响的高分辨率探地雷达技术研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2007
20. Raab, F.H,Joughin, I.R. Signal processing for through-the-earth radio communication[J], Communications, IEEE Transactions,1995,12(43):2995-3003
21.Barkand, T.D, Damiano, N.W, Shumaker, W.A. Through-the-earth, two-way, mine emergency, voice communication systems[J], Industry Applications Conference,41st IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE,2006.2(8):955-958
22. F. H. Raab. Signal processing for through-the-earth electromagnetic systems[J], IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat.,1988,3(24):212-216
23.彭立军.PED井下无线通信的发展[J],科技简报开发与经济,2003,13(5)：168-169
24.冯新军.浅析PED系统在矿井中的应用[J],煤矿安全,2003,34(11)：40-42
25.刘晓佩.矿井透地扩频通信系统的应用研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2004
26. Wang Wenxing, Yang Gongxun, Wang Wenjing. A new communication system based on OFDM in coal mine underground[J], Microwave Conference Proceedings,2005. APMC 2005. Asia-Pacific Conference Proceedings Volume 3, Issue,4-7 Dec.2005 Page(s):3pp. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/APMC.2005.1606628
27. M. Campanella, G. Garbo. A simple joint estimation-detection technique for OFDM systems[J], Signal Processing,2005,85(10):2054-2061
28.韩斌,张涛.弹性波在非均匀介质中传播的波幅研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2006,26 (5)：383-387
29. M.S. Sohail, T.Y. Al-Naffouri. An EM based frequency domain channel estimation algorithm for multi-access OFDM systems[J], Signal Processing,2005,90(5):1562-1572
30. A.S.Kayhan. Difference equation representation of Chirp signals and instantaneous frequency/amplitude estimation, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing[J],1996,44(12): 2948-2958
31.Joaquin Miguez, Luis Castedo. Space-time channel estimation and soft detection in time-varying multiaccess channels[J], Signal Processing,2004,83(2):389-411
32. Rob L. Evans, L. K. Law, B. St. Louis, S. Cheesman.. Buried paleo-channels on the New Jersey continental margin:channel porosity structures from electromagnetic surveying[J], Marine Geology,2000,170(3-4):381-394
33. Sandro Carrara, Vijayender Bhalla, Claudio Stagni, Luca Benini, Anna Ferretti, Francesco Valle, Andrea Gallotta, Bruno Ricco, Bruno Samori. Label-free cancer markers detection by capacitance biochip[J], Sensors and Actuators B,2009,136(1):163-172
34. Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yozo Fujino. Experimental study of laser Doppler vibrometer and ambient vibration for vibration-based damage detection[J], Engineering Structures,2006,28(13):1803-1815
35.陈文剑,席媛媛等.声波穿透沙层后能量损失规律的实验研究,海洋中声传播、混响、环境噪声,2007,26(5)：36-38
36.王耀俊,许明翔.层状各向异性固体媒质的声反射和声透射[J],声学学报,1995,20(3)：161-168
37. San Diego, CA. Design of through-the-earth mine communication system using helical antennas[J],2008 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting,2008, APSURSI,7(5-12)
38. J.Acoust.Soc.Am. Nayfeh A H and Chimenti D E Elastic wave Propagation in fluid-loaded multiaxial anisotropic media[J],1991,89:542-549
39.张庆辉,尹辉.基于扩频技术的矿井透地通信系统研究,矿业安全与环保,2008,35(4)：28-32
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