电动汽车再生制动系统研究及试验台设计
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摘要
由于环保和能源危机的压力,电动汽车已成为汽车行业研究的热点之一。作为电动汽车的优势,再生制动系统在保证制动效能和稳定性的基础上回收汽车的部分能量,对增加续驶里程和提高电动汽车的经济性、动力性有重要的实际意义。本文以陕西省重点攻关计划项目“纯电动汽车试验车研究”为依托,立足再生制动系统,对再生制动系统控制方法与试验台进行研究。主要的研究工作如下：
1.在总结分析再生制动系统对汽车有关性能影响的基础上,提出再生制动系统的性能评价方法,并确定其评价参数。其中本文首次提出单位循环工况能量耗量和单位质量单位循环工况能量耗量两个参数。
2.介绍了本文再生制动系统的结构方案和系统主要参数,然后在对三种典型再生制动控制策略分析的基础上,结合再生制动的限制条件制定了基于ABS控制的再生制动控制策略。
3.建立再生制动系统数学模型,并在不同制动工况下应用本文提出的控制策略进行仿真。结果表明：在各种制动工况下,电机制动力和液压制动力协调地工作,特别是液压制动力控制效果良好,保证了制动稳定性要求,同时充分地回收了制动能量。车辆在中等车速、较小制动强度和中等SOC时能量回收率最高。
4.由于验证再生制动控制策略的需要,完成了再生制动试验台设计。本文主要对再生制动试验台的机械台架进行设计,同时研究了汽车惯性与阻力的台架实现方法,最后完成试验台测控系统的方案设计。
Because of the pressures from environmental protection and energy crisis, the electric vehicle has turned into one of the research focuses of automobile industry. As an advantage of electric vehicle, Regenerative Braking System not only ensure the braking performance and the stability, but also recovers part of energy, which plays important practical significance for extending driving range and improving economic and dynamic performance of electric vehicle. Supported by Shaanxi key scientific project——'The Study of Pure Electric Test Vehicle'and based on Regenerative braking system, control strategy and test bed are studied in this paper. Specifically, the main work as following:
1. After summarizing and analyzing the influences which RBS plays on vehicle, the RBS evaluating method is promoted, and the evaluate parameters are confirmed. Especially, the wasted energy per cycle and the wasted energy per cycle and per mass are firstly put forward in this paper.
2. The structure scheme and main parameters of RBS are introduced. Based on analyzing three classic regenerative braking forces distributing strategy and regenerative braking influencing factors, the regenerative braking control strategy based on ABS is put forward.
3. The math model of RBS is established, and simulated under different braking cycle with the former strategy promoted in this paper. The results show that motor braking force and hydraulic braking force compatibly works for every cycle, partially hydraulic braking force plays excellent control effect, which ensures the braking stability and effectively recovering energy. When the vehicle brakes with medium speed, smaller braking strength and medium SOC, the recovery efficiency is highest.
4. According to the needs of verification the regenerative braking control strategy, the regenerative braking test bed is designed. In this paper, the mechanical structure of test bed is designed, and the vehicle inertia and resistance modeling methods are studied. Finally, the scheme of test and control system is finished.
1.在总结分析再生制动系统对汽车有关性能影响的基础上,提出再生制动系统的性能评价方法,并确定其评价参数。其中本文首次提出单位循环工况能量耗量和单位质量单位循环工况能量耗量两个参数。
2.介绍了本文再生制动系统的结构方案和系统主要参数,然后在对三种典型再生制动控制策略分析的基础上,结合再生制动的限制条件制定了基于ABS控制的再生制动控制策略。
3.建立再生制动系统数学模型,并在不同制动工况下应用本文提出的控制策略进行仿真。结果表明：在各种制动工况下,电机制动力和液压制动力协调地工作,特别是液压制动力控制效果良好,保证了制动稳定性要求,同时充分地回收了制动能量。车辆在中等车速、较小制动强度和中等SOC时能量回收率最高。
4.由于验证再生制动控制策略的需要,完成了再生制动试验台设计。本文主要对再生制动试验台的机械台架进行设计,同时研究了汽车惯性与阻力的台架实现方法,最后完成试验台测控系统的方案设计。
Because of the pressures from environmental protection and energy crisis, the electric vehicle has turned into one of the research focuses of automobile industry. As an advantage of electric vehicle, Regenerative Braking System not only ensure the braking performance and the stability, but also recovers part of energy, which plays important practical significance for extending driving range and improving economic and dynamic performance of electric vehicle. Supported by Shaanxi key scientific project——'The Study of Pure Electric Test Vehicle'and based on Regenerative braking system, control strategy and test bed are studied in this paper. Specifically, the main work as following:
1. After summarizing and analyzing the influences which RBS plays on vehicle, the RBS evaluating method is promoted, and the evaluate parameters are confirmed. Especially, the wasted energy per cycle and the wasted energy per cycle and per mass are firstly put forward in this paper.
2. The structure scheme and main parameters of RBS are introduced. Based on analyzing three classic regenerative braking forces distributing strategy and regenerative braking influencing factors, the regenerative braking control strategy based on ABS is put forward.
3. The math model of RBS is established, and simulated under different braking cycle with the former strategy promoted in this paper. The results show that motor braking force and hydraulic braking force compatibly works for every cycle, partially hydraulic braking force plays excellent control effect, which ensures the braking stability and effectively recovering energy. When the vehicle brakes with medium speed, smaller braking strength and medium SOC, the recovery efficiency is highest.
4. According to the needs of verification the regenerative braking control strategy, the regenerative braking test bed is designed. In this paper, the mechanical structure of test bed is designed, and the vehicle inertia and resistance modeling methods are studied. Finally, the scheme of test and control system is finished.
引文
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[2]王军,熊冉,杨振迁.纯电动大客车制动能量回收系统控制策略研究[J].汽车工程,2009,31(10)：932-937
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[8]Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao and Karen L.Butler. Application of Electrically Peaking Hybrid(ELPH) Propulsion System to a Full-Size Passenger Car with Simulated Design Verification. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1999,48(6)
[9]Hongwei Gao, Yimin Gao, Mehrdad Ehsani. A Neural Network Based SRM Drive Control Strategy for Regenerative Braking in EV and HEV. Electric Machines and Drives Conference,2001. IEMDC 2001.IEEE International 2001:571-575
[10]S.R.Cikanek, K.E.Bailey. Regenerative Braking System for A Hybrid Electric Vehicle[A]. American Control Conference [C].2002,(4):8-10
[11]http://www.ford.com/suvs/escape/features/#page=Feature4
[12]颜静.CVT混合动力再生制动控制策略与仿真研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[13]Shuiwen Shen, Alex Serrarens. Coordinated Control of a Mechanical Hybrid Drive Line With a Continuously Variable Transmission. JSAE Review(2001):453～461.
[14]Perter Coenen. HEVAN, a Series Hybrid Electric Van as Concept Development Platform. EVS 18,2001.Berlin Germany.
[15]Toyota, Technical Review.2001,50(2):33～38
[16]杨妙梁.丰田Estima混合动力装置[J].汽车与配件,2002(17)：25-29.
[17]Masami Ogura, Yasushi Aoki. The HONDA EV PLUS Regenerative Braking System. The 14th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition, Orlando, U S A,1997
[18]http://www.honda.com.cn/corporate/companynews/news/2010/1939.html
[19]Hayashida, Narusawa Kazuyuki. Energy Regeneration of Electric Vehicle by Super Capacitor and Battery Proceedings. JSAE Annual Congress,1999,6(99):1-4
[20]http://www.nissan.com.cn/newsID.php?menuid=2&newsid=867
[21]Avernethy Francisco, Andrew Frank. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Full Performance From Sports Cars to Full Sized Trucks. EVS 18,2001. Berlin Germany.
[22]Hoon Yeo, Talchol Kim, Chulsoo Kim, and Hyunsoo Kim. Development of Regenerative Braking Hydraulic Module and HIL Simulator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle.EVS-19, proceeding CD,2002.
[23]张俊智,陆欣等.混合动力城市客车制动能量回收系统道路试验[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(2)：25-30
[24]Junzhi Zhang, Xin Lu, Junliang Xue, etc. Regenerative Braking System for Series Hybrid Electric City Bus[J]. The World Electric Vehicle Journal,2008,2(4):128-134
[25]韦作高.基于dSPACE的混合动力汽车试验台系统的研究与开发[D].重庆：重庆大学,2007
[26]谭强俊.CVT混合动力汽车再生制动系统性能仿真与试验研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[27]陈庆樟,何仁,商高高等.汽车能量再生制动模拟试验台设计[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(4)：15-42
[28]隋妮,王广萍,李仲兴等.直流无刷电机再生制动系统试验台的设计与验证[J].汽车技术,2011(1)：49-53
[29]朱磊,袁银南,张彤等.并联混合动力集成式多能源电控管理系统开发[J].内燃机学报,2008,26(6)：519-524
[30]邢科礼,李阳,金侠杰等.城市公交客车制动能量再生系统及其试验研究[J].第六届全国流体传动与控制学术会议：274-278
[31]刘龙江,白志峰,曹秉刚等.一种电动车再生制动试验台的研制[J].机床与液压,2005(5)：100-102
[32]张京明,王守军.PHEV再生制动试验台建模与仿真[J].机械设计与制造,2010(4)：58-60
[33]电动大鳄引领未来纯 电动汽车才是发展关键[DB/OL]. http://auto.qq.com/a/20110401/000065_3.htm,2011-03-28
[34]http://www.changan.com.cn/focus.do?action=detail&id=201103221206024954&m=1
[35]汽车产业调整和振兴规划,http://auto.qq.com//a/20090321/000007.htm,2009-03-20
[36]刘卫琰,新能源规划曝光 过半中央专项资金补贴私家车[DB/OL]. http://auto.163.com/10/0921/14/6H42SKDC000816HJ.html,2010-09-21
[37]刘清河,孙泽昌,王鹏伟等.电动汽车电液并行制动系统研究[J].汽车工程,2008,30(6)：527-530
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