松软煤层煤壁浅孔注水防片帮技术研究
|
摘要
本文在分析国内外煤层注水技术和松软煤层防片帮技术的研究现状的基础上,运用岩石的破坏机理、强度理论和煤的润湿机理等理论知识,分析研究了松软煤层煤壁浅孔注水防片帮技术的机理,通过实验得出对松散煤体不同含水率条件下的力学性质的变化规律,并进行了现场工业性试验,验证了煤壁浅孔注水防止松软煤层煤壁片帮较好的技术效果。
在实验室,对朱仙庄矿Ⅱ863综放工作面煤样进行了松散煤体在不同含水率条件下的力学性质测定试验,并由试验结果得出:煤体的凝聚力和抗剪强度在含水率介于2% ~12%时单调递增,说明一定范围内增加煤体的含水率能够改变煤体的力学性质,有效提高其凝聚力和抗剪强度。在含水率一定的情况下,随着围压的增大,抗剪强度、抗压强度随之增大;而在围压一定的情况下,随着含水率的增大,抗压强度单调下降。
通过实验测得,纯水对煤的接触角为69.8°,亲水性较差。为增强煤的润湿性能,提高煤壁浅孔注水润湿煤体的效果,在实验室对添加表面活性剂提高煤的润湿效果进行了实验研究。对实验结果对比分析后,得出在实验的表面活性剂中0.1%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液对增大Ⅱ863综放工作面煤的润湿性效果最佳。
论文研究中,在朱仙庄矿Ⅱ863综放工作面进行了煤壁浅孔注水防片帮技术的现场工业性试验,设计实施了煤壁浅孔注水方案,通过试验最终确定了煤壁浅孔注水的关键技术参数:注水孔间距9.0m,孔深5m,钻孔倾角在30°~40°之间,封孔深度为2.0~2.5m,注水压力为4~8MPa。通过每天早班(即检修班)实施煤壁浅孔注水措施,取得了较好的技术效果及社会经济效益:采煤面煤壁片帮得到有效控制,减轻了工人的劳动强度,提高劳动生产效率;节约了大量的支护材料,降低了吨煤成本;提高了综采面采煤机的开机率,同比月单产由平均5万t/M提高到平均8.8万t/M,增产78%,经济效益显著。
Based on analysis about status of coal seam infusion technology and soft coal seam preventing rib spalling technology and used coal’s failure mechanism、strength theory and coal’s wetting mechanism, the mechanism of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in soft coal seam was analyzed. Through the experiment of soft coal seam under the condition of different moisture content, analysis of mechanical properties of coal was got. Meanwhile field test was done and effects of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in soft coal seam was verified.
In the laboratory, the coal samples’mechanical properties determination tests under the condition of different moisture content was done. The coal samples were from Zhuxianzhuang mineⅡ863 fully mechanized coalface. The test results obtained: The coal’s cohesion and shear strength at moisture content between 2% ~ 12% increase monotonically, shows that increasing coal moisture content in certain range can change mechanical properties of coal and effectively improve the cohesion and shear strength. In certain circumstances of moisture content, with confining pressure increasing, the shear strength and compressive strength was increasing. In certain circumstances of confining pressure, with the increase of the moisture content, compressive strength drab monotonically.
Through the experiment, the contact angle of coal water is 69.8 degrees and the hydrophilic was poorer. In order to enhance the coal’s wetting and improve the effect of shallow holes infusion to wet the coal, adding surfactants in laboratory to improve coal wetting effect was investigated. After analysis of experimental results obtained in the experiment, surfactant in aqueous acid 0.1% sodium dodecyl stupid to increaseⅡ863 fully-mechanized coal wetting was the best results.
In the paper, field test of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in Zhuxianzhuang mineⅡ863 fully mechanized coalface was done and the plan of shallow holes infusion at coal wall was designed and implemented. Key technologies of shallow holes infusion at coal wall was confirmed: water hole infusion spacing was 9.0m;deep hole was 5.0 m; dip angle of hole was 30°~ 40°; seal depth was 2.0 ~ 2.5 m; injection pressure was 4 ~ 8MPa. Through every morning (maintenance) implementing shallow holes injection measures, good technical effects and social economic benefits were achieved: The problem of serious rib spalling in mining face was effectively controlled; the labor intensity was reduced; labor productivity was improved; a lot of support materials was saved; the cost of tons of coal was reduced; the home using tv of the mining face coal cutter was improved which increased to 8.8 million tons per month from 5 million and 78% higher than ever.
在实验室,对朱仙庄矿Ⅱ863综放工作面煤样进行了松散煤体在不同含水率条件下的力学性质测定试验,并由试验结果得出:煤体的凝聚力和抗剪强度在含水率介于2% ~12%时单调递增,说明一定范围内增加煤体的含水率能够改变煤体的力学性质,有效提高其凝聚力和抗剪强度。在含水率一定的情况下,随着围压的增大,抗剪强度、抗压强度随之增大;而在围压一定的情况下,随着含水率的增大,抗压强度单调下降。
通过实验测得,纯水对煤的接触角为69.8°,亲水性较差。为增强煤的润湿性能,提高煤壁浅孔注水润湿煤体的效果,在实验室对添加表面活性剂提高煤的润湿效果进行了实验研究。对实验结果对比分析后,得出在实验的表面活性剂中0.1%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液对增大Ⅱ863综放工作面煤的润湿性效果最佳。
论文研究中,在朱仙庄矿Ⅱ863综放工作面进行了煤壁浅孔注水防片帮技术的现场工业性试验,设计实施了煤壁浅孔注水方案,通过试验最终确定了煤壁浅孔注水的关键技术参数:注水孔间距9.0m,孔深5m,钻孔倾角在30°~40°之间,封孔深度为2.0~2.5m,注水压力为4~8MPa。通过每天早班(即检修班)实施煤壁浅孔注水措施,取得了较好的技术效果及社会经济效益:采煤面煤壁片帮得到有效控制,减轻了工人的劳动强度,提高劳动生产效率;节约了大量的支护材料,降低了吨煤成本;提高了综采面采煤机的开机率,同比月单产由平均5万t/M提高到平均8.8万t/M,增产78%,经济效益显著。
Based on analysis about status of coal seam infusion technology and soft coal seam preventing rib spalling technology and used coal’s failure mechanism、strength theory and coal’s wetting mechanism, the mechanism of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in soft coal seam was analyzed. Through the experiment of soft coal seam under the condition of different moisture content, analysis of mechanical properties of coal was got. Meanwhile field test was done and effects of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in soft coal seam was verified.
In the laboratory, the coal samples’mechanical properties determination tests under the condition of different moisture content was done. The coal samples were from Zhuxianzhuang mineⅡ863 fully mechanized coalface. The test results obtained: The coal’s cohesion and shear strength at moisture content between 2% ~ 12% increase monotonically, shows that increasing coal moisture content in certain range can change mechanical properties of coal and effectively improve the cohesion and shear strength. In certain circumstances of moisture content, with confining pressure increasing, the shear strength and compressive strength was increasing. In certain circumstances of confining pressure, with the increase of the moisture content, compressive strength drab monotonically.
Through the experiment, the contact angle of coal water is 69.8 degrees and the hydrophilic was poorer. In order to enhance the coal’s wetting and improve the effect of shallow holes infusion to wet the coal, adding surfactants in laboratory to improve coal wetting effect was investigated. After analysis of experimental results obtained in the experiment, surfactant in aqueous acid 0.1% sodium dodecyl stupid to increaseⅡ863 fully-mechanized coal wetting was the best results.
In the paper, field test of shallow holes infusion at coal wall preventing rib spalling in Zhuxianzhuang mineⅡ863 fully mechanized coalface was done and the plan of shallow holes infusion at coal wall was designed and implemented. Key technologies of shallow holes infusion at coal wall was confirmed: water hole infusion spacing was 9.0m;deep hole was 5.0 m; dip angle of hole was 30°~ 40°; seal depth was 2.0 ~ 2.5 m; injection pressure was 4 ~ 8MPa. Through every morning (maintenance) implementing shallow holes injection measures, good technical effects and social economic benefits were achieved: The problem of serious rib spalling in mining face was effectively controlled; the labor intensity was reduced; labor productivity was improved; a lot of support materials was saved; the cost of tons of coal was reduced; the home using tv of the mining face coal cutter was improved which increased to 8.8 million tons per month from 5 million and 78% higher than ever.
引文
[1]煤炭部采掘科技情报站东北分站.煤矿注水防尘资料汇编[M]. 1980
[2]金龙哲.德国煤层注水防尘发展动向[J].煤炭工程师,1994 (5):46～49
[3] Methane and coal dust explosion inhibitors tested. Coal gold&base minerarals,1984,3:12~14
[4] Frieson W, Mikula J. Colloid and Interface Sci[M].1987 (1):263~271
[5]张永吉,李占德等.煤层注水技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000
[6]赵保太,申建慧等.“三软”煤层高压注水降尘防片帮冒顶的有效途径[J].中州煤炭,2003,1:25~26
[7]胡献民,刘彦臣.“三软”煤层综放工作面断面顶板维护[J].中州煤炭,2005,5:45~46
[8]郝洪海,于明献等.煤壁浅孔注水控制“三软”煤层煤壁片帮[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,3:34~35
[9]刘顺章.煤层深孔动压注水技术在三软煤层综放面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2005,24(10)
[10]郝洪海,王铁牛等.“三软”不稳定厚煤层综放工作面仰采防片帮技术实践[J].煤炭工程,2006,9:37~38
[11]白洪才.防片帮技术在“三软”煤层仰采综放面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(5):56~58
[12]瓦尔杜尔-玛杜拉.用表面活性剂防治煤矿粉尘[J].煤炭工程师,1990,11 (2):58~64
[13] Ken D Kihm, Paul Deignan. Investigation of dynamic surface tension of coal water slurry fuels for application to atomization characteristics.1993,18:637~648
[14] R·Haslam,S .H. Da vidson,J .Hancock.D evelopemento fa c ombined blasting/water infusion technique for coal breaking.Trans.Inst.,1954(11):87~89
[15]金龙哲.煤层注水参数的确定与注水中添加粘尘剂的试验研究[D].博士后出站报告,北京:北京科技大学,2000
[16]张超英.表面活性剂溶液对突出煤层物理性质及其煤体状态的影响[J].煤矿安全,1991,12:46~50
[17]张延松.湿润剂提高煤层注水效果的机理研究[J].力学与实践,1995,17( 3):51~57
[18]王惠宾,汪远东等.煤层注水中添加湿润剂的研究[J].煤炭学报,1994,14(4):151~160
[19]朱凤山.国外煤矿安全科技发展新动态[J].当代矿工,2002,5:77~78
[20]钱鸣高,石平五著.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:22～26
[21]钱鸣高,刘听成著.矿山压力及其控制(修订本)[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990:32～37
[22]尤明庆著.岩石试件的强度及变形破坏过程[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.9:13
[23]尤明庆,华安增.岩样单轴压缩的破坏形式和承载能力的降低[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(3):292~296
[24]国家标准(GB/T211-1996),煤的原始水分测定方法[S].国家技术监督局,1996
[25]张国枢著.通风安全学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000:366~367
[26]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T49-1987),煤和岩石坚固性系数测定方法[S].原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[27]村田逞诠著.煤的湿润性研究及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[28] [美]A . W.亚当森著.表面的物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985
[29]傅贵.煤体预湿机理及注水防尘技术研究[D].博士学位论文,北京:中国矿业大学北京研究生部,1994
[30]朱涉瑶,赵振国著.界面化学基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1996
[31]段世铎,谭逸玲著.界面化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[32]傅献彩,沈文霞等著.物理化学(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[33]房秀敏.表面活性剂在煤炭工业中的应用[J].煤矿安全,1993,1 (5):40~42
[34]程燕.煤层注水中添加表面活性剂的实验研究与应用[D].硕士论文,北京科技大学,2006
[35]解兴智.煤润湿性测量方法的探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32 (2):65~69
[36]方启学.亲水性矿粒亲水程度的测定[J].矿冶,2000,9(2):26~29
[37]艾德生,李庆丰等.用透过高度法测定粉体的润湿接触角[J].理化检验—物理分册,2001,37(3):110~112
[38]郑水林编.粉体表面改性[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1995:22~25
[39]董平,单忠健等.超细煤粉表面润湿性的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):346~348
[40]傅贵,张英华等.煤与纯水间平衡接触角的测量与分析[J].煤炭转化,1997,(4):322~325
[41]国家标准(GB482-1995).煤层采样采取方法[M].国家技术监督局,1996
[42]曾凡,胡永平.矿物加工颗粒学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[41]王平等.粉体粒度与其表面亲水性关系的研究[J].北京化工学院学报,1994,21(4):29～32
[42]谢洪勇著.粉体力学与工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4
[43]王青松,金龙哲.物理化学法提高煤层注水降尘效果的研究及应用[D].硕士论文,北京:北京科技大学,2003
[44] White LE.Capillary rise in powders[J].J.Colloid Interface Sci,1982,Vol.90,536.
[45]张健.煤层中内生裂隙影响因素[J].煤炭科技,2005,24(5):45
[46]元中立.煤的孔隙系统分形规律的研究[J].煤矿安全,1994,6:2~5
[47]赵阳升著.矿山岩石流体力学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[48]王佰顺.水力压挤防治瓦斯煤尘机理与技术研究[D].博士论文,中国矿业大学(北京),2008
[49]张荣立,何国纬等著.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003
[50]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004
[51]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T44-1987)煤和岩石单向抗压强度测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[52]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T45-1987)煤和岩石变形参数测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[53]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T46-1987)煤和岩石三轴强度及变形测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[54]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T48-1987)煤和岩石抗剪强度测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[2]金龙哲.德国煤层注水防尘发展动向[J].煤炭工程师,1994 (5):46～49
[3] Methane and coal dust explosion inhibitors tested. Coal gold&base minerarals,1984,3:12~14
[4] Frieson W, Mikula J. Colloid and Interface Sci[M].1987 (1):263~271
[5]张永吉,李占德等.煤层注水技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000
[6]赵保太,申建慧等.“三软”煤层高压注水降尘防片帮冒顶的有效途径[J].中州煤炭,2003,1:25~26
[7]胡献民,刘彦臣.“三软”煤层综放工作面断面顶板维护[J].中州煤炭,2005,5:45~46
[8]郝洪海,于明献等.煤壁浅孔注水控制“三软”煤层煤壁片帮[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,3:34~35
[9]刘顺章.煤层深孔动压注水技术在三软煤层综放面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2005,24(10)
[10]郝洪海,王铁牛等.“三软”不稳定厚煤层综放工作面仰采防片帮技术实践[J].煤炭工程,2006,9:37~38
[11]白洪才.防片帮技术在“三软”煤层仰采综放面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(5):56~58
[12]瓦尔杜尔-玛杜拉.用表面活性剂防治煤矿粉尘[J].煤炭工程师,1990,11 (2):58~64
[13] Ken D Kihm, Paul Deignan. Investigation of dynamic surface tension of coal water slurry fuels for application to atomization characteristics.1993,18:637~648
[14] R·Haslam,S .H. Da vidson,J .Hancock.D evelopemento fa c ombined blasting/water infusion technique for coal breaking.Trans.Inst.,1954(11):87~89
[15]金龙哲.煤层注水参数的确定与注水中添加粘尘剂的试验研究[D].博士后出站报告,北京:北京科技大学,2000
[16]张超英.表面活性剂溶液对突出煤层物理性质及其煤体状态的影响[J].煤矿安全,1991,12:46~50
[17]张延松.湿润剂提高煤层注水效果的机理研究[J].力学与实践,1995,17( 3):51~57
[18]王惠宾,汪远东等.煤层注水中添加湿润剂的研究[J].煤炭学报,1994,14(4):151~160
[19]朱凤山.国外煤矿安全科技发展新动态[J].当代矿工,2002,5:77~78
[20]钱鸣高,石平五著.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:22～26
[21]钱鸣高,刘听成著.矿山压力及其控制(修订本)[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990:32～37
[22]尤明庆著.岩石试件的强度及变形破坏过程[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.9:13
[23]尤明庆,华安增.岩样单轴压缩的破坏形式和承载能力的降低[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(3):292~296
[24]国家标准(GB/T211-1996),煤的原始水分测定方法[S].国家技术监督局,1996
[25]张国枢著.通风安全学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000:366~367
[26]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T49-1987),煤和岩石坚固性系数测定方法[S].原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[27]村田逞诠著.煤的湿润性研究及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[28] [美]A . W.亚当森著.表面的物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985
[29]傅贵.煤体预湿机理及注水防尘技术研究[D].博士学位论文,北京:中国矿业大学北京研究生部,1994
[30]朱涉瑶,赵振国著.界面化学基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1996
[31]段世铎,谭逸玲著.界面化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[32]傅献彩,沈文霞等著.物理化学(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[33]房秀敏.表面活性剂在煤炭工业中的应用[J].煤矿安全,1993,1 (5):40~42
[34]程燕.煤层注水中添加表面活性剂的实验研究与应用[D].硕士论文,北京科技大学,2006
[35]解兴智.煤润湿性测量方法的探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32 (2):65~69
[36]方启学.亲水性矿粒亲水程度的测定[J].矿冶,2000,9(2):26~29
[37]艾德生,李庆丰等.用透过高度法测定粉体的润湿接触角[J].理化检验—物理分册,2001,37(3):110~112
[38]郑水林编.粉体表面改性[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1995:22~25
[39]董平,单忠健等.超细煤粉表面润湿性的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):346~348
[40]傅贵,张英华等.煤与纯水间平衡接触角的测量与分析[J].煤炭转化,1997,(4):322~325
[41]国家标准(GB482-1995).煤层采样采取方法[M].国家技术监督局,1996
[42]曾凡,胡永平.矿物加工颗粒学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[41]王平等.粉体粒度与其表面亲水性关系的研究[J].北京化工学院学报,1994,21(4):29～32
[42]谢洪勇著.粉体力学与工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4
[43]王青松,金龙哲.物理化学法提高煤层注水降尘效果的研究及应用[D].硕士论文,北京:北京科技大学,2003
[44] White LE.Capillary rise in powders[J].J.Colloid Interface Sci,1982,Vol.90,536.
[45]张健.煤层中内生裂隙影响因素[J].煤炭科技,2005,24(5):45
[46]元中立.煤的孔隙系统分形规律的研究[J].煤矿安全,1994,6:2~5
[47]赵阳升著.矿山岩石流体力学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[48]王佰顺.水力压挤防治瓦斯煤尘机理与技术研究[D].博士论文,中国矿业大学(北京),2008
[49]张荣立,何国纬等著.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003
[50]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004
[51]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T44-1987)煤和岩石单向抗压强度测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[52]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T45-1987)煤和岩石变形参数测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[53]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T46-1987)煤和岩石三轴强度及变形测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
[54]原煤炭工业部部标准(MT/T48-1987)煤和岩石抗剪强度测定方法,原国家煤炭工业部,1987
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |