微光瞄准镜多环境试验理论与检测方法研究
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摘要
本文的主要研究工作是完成了微光瞄准镜零位移走动量检测系统设计;对微光瞄准镜多环境试验理论分析,建立了不同环境试验下的数学模型;根据多环境试验微光图像特点,完成了零位移目标检测与图像处理;研究了瞄准镜振动与冲击试验模态识别方法。
对微光瞄准镜进行多环境试验分析,研究其图像特征,设计系统成像光路,计算主要部件参数,采用轴向装载被测对象(微光瞄准镜)的方法,最后完成了环境试验检测系统的设计。
应用振动理论对振动试验进行研究,根据自由和强迫条件得到振动系统可以等效为有阻尼和无阻尼的强迫振动系统模型;应用冲击理论对冲击试验进行研究,得到冲击系统可以等效为受瞬态半正弦脉沖冲击作用的系统模型;应用温度冲击理论建立了瞄准镜圆柱壳体热应力模型,在热冲击环境下径向、切向和轴向热应力根据圆筒厚度的变化而改变;应用热光学理论和有限元分析方法,结合物镜实际尺寸与设计参数建立了温度冲击主物镜模型,然后对其所得数据分析与仿真,得到了热致误差和光学性能MTF,对主物镜材料的选择具有指导意义。
应用结构力学和振动理论对分划板连接转动螺杆振动受力分析,试验证明采用调节螺纹摩擦系数、当量摩擦角和附加约束阻尼条件的方法釆控制瞄准镜零位移的走动,为其它直视光学仪器的生产提供了理论分析依据。根据多环境试验微光图像噪声特点分别采用几何平均、中值滤波和直方图均衡化预处理方法;微光图像阈值分割采用了改进的Daubechies小波算法。微光图像目标检测应用SSDA序贯相似性改进型归一化算法,使匹配精度和匹配时间大大提高。
应用最优控制理论把实验模型和理论模型进行曲线拟合,得到反应实际系统特性的最优误差数据和模态参数,根据振动频率响应函数对前7阶模态的模态识别,第5、6和7阶模念,频率在75Hz～95Hz之间振动载荷对结构的影响较大。冲击试验对前6阶模态识别,第2、3阶模态,频率是在5.3326Hz～39.8205Hz之间冲击载荷对结构的影响较大。
In this paper, the main research work is LLL(Low-Level-Light) aiming sight-glass zero displacement detection system design is done; Theoretical analysis on the testing of LLL aiming sight-glass in multiple circumstances is done and mathematical models under different tests are established; A zero displacement target detection and image processing method is achieved based on the characteristics of multi- environmental test circumstances dim light testing image; The vibration of aiming sight-glass and shock test modal identification method are studied.
Analysis of multi-environmental testing on LLL aiming sight-glass is done. Its image features are studied. Optical imaging system is designed. Main component parameters are calculated. With the method that LLL aiming sight-glass axially loaded, the design of environmental testing detection system is finally completed.
Using vibration theory to study the vibration test, it concludes that vibration system can be equivalent to a forced vibration system model with damping and without damping according to freedom and forced condition. Using shock theory to study the shock test, it concludes that shock system can be equivalent to a model that is shocked by transient half sine pulse. Using temperature impact theory, Aiming Sight Glass cylindrical shell thermal stress model is established. Under the thermal shock environment, radial, tangential, axial thermal stress varies with the thickness of the cylinder. Using thermal optical theory and finite elements analysis methods, Combined with the actual size of object lens and design parameters, a temperature impact main objective lens model is established. Then the obtained data is analyzed and simulated, the error caused thermally and optical properties MTF is achieved. That is meaningful to the guiding of the material choice of the main objective lens.
Using structural mechanics and the theory of vibration, the vibration force of the division plate connections rotating screw is studied. The test shows that by the methods of adjusting thread friction coefficient, the equivalent friction angle and additional damper bound-by conditions to control zero displacement move of the sight glass. This provides a theoretical and analysis basis for the production of other straight sight optical devices. According to multi-environmental testing dim-light image noise characteristics, the calculation methods of geometric mean, median filtering and histogram equalization pretreatment are applied. Dim-light image threshold value segmentation uses the improved Daubechies wavelet algorithm. Low-light-level image target detection uses SSDA sequential similar algorithm and the improved one return algorithm that makes matching accuracy and matching time increase substantially.
Combining the experimental model curve and theory model curve using optimal control theory, optimal error and modal parameters that show the actual system features are obtained. Based on frequency response functions modal identification to the first seven bands, it is found that at order 5, 6 and 7 modes, with frequency of between 75Hz to 95 Hz, the vibration load affects larger on the structure. During shock test modal identification to the first six orders, it is found that at 2 and 3-order mode, with frequency between 5.3326 Hz and 39.8205Hz, the shock load affects larger on the structure.
对微光瞄准镜进行多环境试验分析,研究其图像特征,设计系统成像光路,计算主要部件参数,采用轴向装载被测对象(微光瞄准镜)的方法,最后完成了环境试验检测系统的设计。
应用振动理论对振动试验进行研究,根据自由和强迫条件得到振动系统可以等效为有阻尼和无阻尼的强迫振动系统模型;应用冲击理论对冲击试验进行研究,得到冲击系统可以等效为受瞬态半正弦脉沖冲击作用的系统模型;应用温度冲击理论建立了瞄准镜圆柱壳体热应力模型,在热冲击环境下径向、切向和轴向热应力根据圆筒厚度的变化而改变;应用热光学理论和有限元分析方法,结合物镜实际尺寸与设计参数建立了温度冲击主物镜模型,然后对其所得数据分析与仿真,得到了热致误差和光学性能MTF,对主物镜材料的选择具有指导意义。
应用结构力学和振动理论对分划板连接转动螺杆振动受力分析,试验证明采用调节螺纹摩擦系数、当量摩擦角和附加约束阻尼条件的方法釆控制瞄准镜零位移的走动,为其它直视光学仪器的生产提供了理论分析依据。根据多环境试验微光图像噪声特点分别采用几何平均、中值滤波和直方图均衡化预处理方法;微光图像阈值分割采用了改进的Daubechies小波算法。微光图像目标检测应用SSDA序贯相似性改进型归一化算法,使匹配精度和匹配时间大大提高。
应用最优控制理论把实验模型和理论模型进行曲线拟合,得到反应实际系统特性的最优误差数据和模态参数,根据振动频率响应函数对前7阶模态的模态识别,第5、6和7阶模念,频率在75Hz～95Hz之间振动载荷对结构的影响较大。冲击试验对前6阶模态识别,第2、3阶模态,频率是在5.3326Hz～39.8205Hz之间冲击载荷对结构的影响较大。
In this paper, the main research work is LLL(Low-Level-Light) aiming sight-glass zero displacement detection system design is done; Theoretical analysis on the testing of LLL aiming sight-glass in multiple circumstances is done and mathematical models under different tests are established; A zero displacement target detection and image processing method is achieved based on the characteristics of multi- environmental test circumstances dim light testing image; The vibration of aiming sight-glass and shock test modal identification method are studied.
Analysis of multi-environmental testing on LLL aiming sight-glass is done. Its image features are studied. Optical imaging system is designed. Main component parameters are calculated. With the method that LLL aiming sight-glass axially loaded, the design of environmental testing detection system is finally completed.
Using vibration theory to study the vibration test, it concludes that vibration system can be equivalent to a forced vibration system model with damping and without damping according to freedom and forced condition. Using shock theory to study the shock test, it concludes that shock system can be equivalent to a model that is shocked by transient half sine pulse. Using temperature impact theory, Aiming Sight Glass cylindrical shell thermal stress model is established. Under the thermal shock environment, radial, tangential, axial thermal stress varies with the thickness of the cylinder. Using thermal optical theory and finite elements analysis methods, Combined with the actual size of object lens and design parameters, a temperature impact main objective lens model is established. Then the obtained data is analyzed and simulated, the error caused thermally and optical properties MTF is achieved. That is meaningful to the guiding of the material choice of the main objective lens.
Using structural mechanics and the theory of vibration, the vibration force of the division plate connections rotating screw is studied. The test shows that by the methods of adjusting thread friction coefficient, the equivalent friction angle and additional damper bound-by conditions to control zero displacement move of the sight glass. This provides a theoretical and analysis basis for the production of other straight sight optical devices. According to multi-environmental testing dim-light image noise characteristics, the calculation methods of geometric mean, median filtering and histogram equalization pretreatment are applied. Dim-light image threshold value segmentation uses the improved Daubechies wavelet algorithm. Low-light-level image target detection uses SSDA sequential similar algorithm and the improved one return algorithm that makes matching accuracy and matching time increase substantially.
Combining the experimental model curve and theory model curve using optimal control theory, optimal error and modal parameters that show the actual system features are obtained. Based on frequency response functions modal identification to the first seven bands, it is found that at order 5, 6 and 7 modes, with frequency of between 75Hz to 95 Hz, the vibration load affects larger on the structure. During shock test modal identification to the first six orders, it is found that at 2 and 3-order mode, with frequency between 5.3326 Hz and 39.8205Hz, the shock load affects larger on the structure.
引文
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