铁基多元合金耐熔锌腐蚀机理的研究及应用
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摘要
熔融锌液对金属材料的腐蚀一直是热镀锌行业中最难解决的问题,因而,目前热镀锌工业中普遍采用陶瓷锌锅,以减少液态锌对锌锅的腐蚀。但是由于陶瓷材料导热性差,无法像铁锅那样采用外加热,故陶瓷锌锅多采用内加热方式。
目前内加热器的外套管还没有找到理想的材料,既具有优异的耐熔锌腐蚀性能,又具有良好的高温力学性能,因而内加热技术的应用和推广受到了很大的限制。本文从铁基金属材料出发,对耐熔锌腐蚀合金的制备进行了研究。
本文通过对Fe-Al-B合金的研究,发现其中的B和Al元素对材料的耐腐蚀性能和高温力学性能都有很大的影响,通过对合金成份的优化,确定了合金中B和Al元素的含量。Fe-Al-B三元合金具有较好的耐熔锌腐蚀性能,Fe-B共晶组织的存在,增加了锌原子在合金中的扩散路径,降低了锌液对合金的腐蚀速度。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜对合金中锌液中的腐蚀界面进行了观察和分析,发现合金在液态锌中的腐蚀为晶间腐蚀,锌原子在合金中的扩散以晶界扩散为主,锌液主要与合金中的α相发生反应生成Fe-Zn金属间化合物,其熔点较低,很容易向高温的液态锌中溶解,致使网格状的铁硼共晶组织在锌液的冲刷下折断,并向锌液中漂移。
文中对锌铁反应的热力学和动力学过程进行了分析,结果表明,锌液对铁基合金的腐蚀是一个自发的过程,腐蚀速度受多种因素的影响。降低合金的自由能是提高合金耐腐蚀性能的关键因素。
向Fe-Al-B三元合金中加入C、Ti或V元素后,合金的组织得到了细化,并且在合金内生成了大量的弥散分布的TiC或VC颗粒,提高了合金的抗弯强度和高温力学性能。继续向合金中加入Mo、W元素后,在合金中生成了耐熔锌腐蚀性能很好的高钼高钨相(MoW)_2FeB_2,该相分布于合金的晶界处,对锌原子在合金中的扩散起到了阻碍作用,从而减缓了锌液对合金的腐蚀速度。
对该铁基多元合金制成的内加热器在热镀锌车间进行工业化试验,试验结果表明,加热器可以在锌液中稳定工作长达半年之久,该合金材料具有耐熔锌腐蚀性能及良好的高温力学性能,完全能够满足热镀锌工业中的应用。
The metallic corrosion of molten zinc is always the most difficult problem to be solved, so ceramic zinc pot is in general use in order to reduce the corrosion of molten zinc to pot in hot-dip galvanizing industrial. But because of the poor thermal conductance, ceramic pot is unable to adapt to exterior heating. Therefore, ceramic zinc pot adopts to interior heating mostly.But now there are no ideal materials with both excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc and mechanical behavior under high temperature to be used in outer shell of internal heater, thus, the application and generalization of interior heating technology are limited greatly. This paper researched the preparation of alloys with corrosion resistance to molten zinc based on the ferroalloy.Fe-Al-B alloys were studied in the paper, result shows that the B and Al elements have a great influence on corrosion resistance and mechanical behavior under high temperature of the materials. Through the optimization of alloying composition, the contents of B and Al in alloys are determined. Fe-Al-B alloys have a good corrosion resistance to molten zinc, the Fe-B eutectic structure hinders zinc atoms diffusing to alloy matrix, which reduces the corrosion rate of alloys.The corrosion interface of alloys in molten zinc is observed and analysed by SEM, XRD and TEM, result shows that the corrosion of alloys in molten zinc is intercrystalline corrosion, the diffusion of zinc atoms are mainly along the grain boundary. The molten zinc reacts with a-phase of Fe-Al-B alloys, and forms Fe-Zn intermetallic compound, which can easily dissolve in molten zinc under high temperature. So the Fe-B eutectic structure will breakdown and drift to molten zinc under the scouring of molten zinc.The paper analysed the thermodynamic and dynamic process of Fe-Zn reaction, result shows that the corrosion of iron base alloys in molten zinc is a spontaneous process, and the corrosion rate is influenced by multiple factor. Reducing the free energy is the key to increase the corrosion resistance of the alloys.After adding C, Ti or V, the microstructure of Fe-Al-B alloys is refined, and TiC or VC particles that disperse in matrix increase the bend strength and mechanical behavior under high temperature. Continue adding Mo, W element to alloys, there forms (MoW)_2FeB_2 phase that has
excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc, it disperses in grain boundary and hinders zinc atoms from diffusing to alloy matrix. So the corrosion rate of alloys slows down.Carry on the industrialized test in the hot-dip galvanizing workshop to interior heater that made of iron base complex alloys, test result shows that the heater can have worked for half years steadily in the liquid zinc. The material that has excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc and fine mechanical behavior can meet the needs of hot-dip galvanizing industrial.
目前内加热器的外套管还没有找到理想的材料,既具有优异的耐熔锌腐蚀性能,又具有良好的高温力学性能,因而内加热技术的应用和推广受到了很大的限制。本文从铁基金属材料出发,对耐熔锌腐蚀合金的制备进行了研究。
本文通过对Fe-Al-B合金的研究,发现其中的B和Al元素对材料的耐腐蚀性能和高温力学性能都有很大的影响,通过对合金成份的优化,确定了合金中B和Al元素的含量。Fe-Al-B三元合金具有较好的耐熔锌腐蚀性能,Fe-B共晶组织的存在,增加了锌原子在合金中的扩散路径,降低了锌液对合金的腐蚀速度。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜对合金中锌液中的腐蚀界面进行了观察和分析,发现合金在液态锌中的腐蚀为晶间腐蚀,锌原子在合金中的扩散以晶界扩散为主,锌液主要与合金中的α相发生反应生成Fe-Zn金属间化合物,其熔点较低,很容易向高温的液态锌中溶解,致使网格状的铁硼共晶组织在锌液的冲刷下折断,并向锌液中漂移。
文中对锌铁反应的热力学和动力学过程进行了分析,结果表明,锌液对铁基合金的腐蚀是一个自发的过程,腐蚀速度受多种因素的影响。降低合金的自由能是提高合金耐腐蚀性能的关键因素。
向Fe-Al-B三元合金中加入C、Ti或V元素后,合金的组织得到了细化,并且在合金内生成了大量的弥散分布的TiC或VC颗粒,提高了合金的抗弯强度和高温力学性能。继续向合金中加入Mo、W元素后,在合金中生成了耐熔锌腐蚀性能很好的高钼高钨相(MoW)_2FeB_2,该相分布于合金的晶界处,对锌原子在合金中的扩散起到了阻碍作用,从而减缓了锌液对合金的腐蚀速度。
对该铁基多元合金制成的内加热器在热镀锌车间进行工业化试验,试验结果表明,加热器可以在锌液中稳定工作长达半年之久,该合金材料具有耐熔锌腐蚀性能及良好的高温力学性能,完全能够满足热镀锌工业中的应用。
The metallic corrosion of molten zinc is always the most difficult problem to be solved, so ceramic zinc pot is in general use in order to reduce the corrosion of molten zinc to pot in hot-dip galvanizing industrial. But because of the poor thermal conductance, ceramic pot is unable to adapt to exterior heating. Therefore, ceramic zinc pot adopts to interior heating mostly.But now there are no ideal materials with both excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc and mechanical behavior under high temperature to be used in outer shell of internal heater, thus, the application and generalization of interior heating technology are limited greatly. This paper researched the preparation of alloys with corrosion resistance to molten zinc based on the ferroalloy.Fe-Al-B alloys were studied in the paper, result shows that the B and Al elements have a great influence on corrosion resistance and mechanical behavior under high temperature of the materials. Through the optimization of alloying composition, the contents of B and Al in alloys are determined. Fe-Al-B alloys have a good corrosion resistance to molten zinc, the Fe-B eutectic structure hinders zinc atoms diffusing to alloy matrix, which reduces the corrosion rate of alloys.The corrosion interface of alloys in molten zinc is observed and analysed by SEM, XRD and TEM, result shows that the corrosion of alloys in molten zinc is intercrystalline corrosion, the diffusion of zinc atoms are mainly along the grain boundary. The molten zinc reacts with a-phase of Fe-Al-B alloys, and forms Fe-Zn intermetallic compound, which can easily dissolve in molten zinc under high temperature. So the Fe-B eutectic structure will breakdown and drift to molten zinc under the scouring of molten zinc.The paper analysed the thermodynamic and dynamic process of Fe-Zn reaction, result shows that the corrosion of iron base alloys in molten zinc is a spontaneous process, and the corrosion rate is influenced by multiple factor. Reducing the free energy is the key to increase the corrosion resistance of the alloys.After adding C, Ti or V, the microstructure of Fe-Al-B alloys is refined, and TiC or VC particles that disperse in matrix increase the bend strength and mechanical behavior under high temperature. Continue adding Mo, W element to alloys, there forms (MoW)_2FeB_2 phase that has
excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc, it disperses in grain boundary and hinders zinc atoms from diffusing to alloy matrix. So the corrosion rate of alloys slows down.Carry on the industrialized test in the hot-dip galvanizing workshop to interior heater that made of iron base complex alloys, test result shows that the heater can have worked for half years steadily in the liquid zinc. The material that has excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc and fine mechanical behavior can meet the needs of hot-dip galvanizing industrial.
引文
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