低压锅炉全烧高炉煤气改造研究
摘要
本文从低压锅炉燃烧工况着手研究,对BFG自身特性、锅炉燃烧机理、燃烧设备、换热系统、空气系统、点火系统、保安系统以及控制系统等方面进行深入研究,开发低热值燃烧工艺技术,对锅炉燃烧系统设备、点火设备、保安设备以及控制系统实施技术改造,并根据锅炉辅助设备额定功率优化锅炉负荷,实现了4#低压锅炉100%燃烧BFG的稳定运行。主要研究内容包括:
(1)目前的低压锅炉都是燃烧较高热值燃料,具备0～100%焦炉煤气、0～65%高炉煤气、0～90%转炉煤气以及0～100%重油的燃烧能力,所有气体工况均需要焦炉煤气的点火和保安。文中研究了煤气锅炉燃烧机理,对锅炉设备进行改造可行性进行了具体分析,包括热平衡分析、配风系统分析、设备状态和特点分析、全烧BFG能力分析、控制系统分析。
(2)对全烧BFG稳燃进行深入分析,提出了全烧BFG燃烧器改造设想。BFG高炉煤气是高炉冶炼过程中产生的混合气体,主要可燃成份为CO,H2和CH4很少,其中不可煤气体占75%左右,BFG因为燃料热值低,在大气环境下离开明火就熄火,BFG理论燃烧温度在1400～1500℃,难以独立燃烧,为解决低压锅炉安全稳燃烧,本文提出了双旋流气体燃烧器。
(3)BFG热值低,燃烧火焰很暗,紫外线弱,锅炉现用的火焰监测器不能检测到BFG燃烧火焰的稳定信号,影响的锅炉燃烧安全保护联锁可靠性。通过对各种火焰监测器的选型分析,采用了最新型的可调节紫外线火焰监测器,保证能够检测到低压锅炉全烧BFG燃烧火焰。目前对于多种燃料、燃料热值区间大的低压锅炉研究分析较少,而利用该锅炉进行全烧低热值高炉煤气的技术改造尚属首例。
(4)在锅炉受热面不作调整,BFG和燃烧空气不进行再预热的的情况下,对燃烧器进行改造,提高BFG燃烧能力。对燃烧配风系统以及炉膛火焰检测装置改造,以满足稳定燃烧需要,实现低压锅炉100%燃烧BFG的目的。该项技术改造为企业年创效超过800万元。
This article from the low-pressure boiler burning case study, the BFG's own characteristics, the mechanism of the boiler combustion, combustion, heat transfer systems, air systems, ignition systems, security systems and control systems in areas such as in-depth research, the development of low calorific value combustion technology, On the boiler combustion system equipment, fire equipment, security equipment and control systems technology, according to the boiler and auxiliary equipment to optimize boiler rated power load to achieve a 4 # 100% of the low-pressure boiler combustion and stable operation of BFG.
(1) the current low-pressure boilers burning high calorific value of the boiler fuel, with 0 to 100% of the coke oven gas, from 0 to 65% of blast furnace gas, from 0 to 90% of the converter gas, as well as from 0 to 100% of the heavy oil burning capacity of all gas works The status of all the needs of the coke oven gas fire and security. The article studied the mechanism of combustion gas boiler, the boiler equipment modified to achieve the ultimate abolition of the use of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas to achieve 100% combustion condition.
(2) BFG, as well as the physical properties of combustion characteristics of the study. BFG blast furnace gas is produced in the process of smelting furnace of mixed gases, the main combustible components for CO, H2 and CH4 few of which can not be gas-75%, BFG because of the low calorific value fuel, the atmosphere in the environment to leave open flame on the flame, Can not burn, how to stable combustion safety is a key issue. BFG theory of combustion temperature in 1400 ~ 1500℃, in most circumstances must be under air and gas to preheat the combustion stability.
(3) BFG low calorific value, burning flame is dark, ultra-violet weak, the boiler is used in flame detectors can not detect the stability of the flame burning BFG signal, the impact of the boiler combustion reliability of the security chain. Through a variety of flame monitors the selection, use of the latest type of adjustable ultraviolet flame detectors, to ensure the detection of low-pressure boiler to burn the whole BFG flame burning.
(4) In the boiler heating surface is not adjusted, BFG and combustion air preheat are not the case, the burner to reform, improve the ability of burning BFG. On the combustion air distribution system and the transformation of the furnace flame detection devices to meet the needs of a stable combustion. The modification technology of the boiler for low calorific value fuel gas is the first case, and low-pressure boilers to achieve 100% combustion of BFG purpose of the enterprise for years income more than 8,000,000 yuan.
(1)目前的低压锅炉都是燃烧较高热值燃料,具备0～100%焦炉煤气、0～65%高炉煤气、0～90%转炉煤气以及0～100%重油的燃烧能力,所有气体工况均需要焦炉煤气的点火和保安。文中研究了煤气锅炉燃烧机理,对锅炉设备进行改造可行性进行了具体分析,包括热平衡分析、配风系统分析、设备状态和特点分析、全烧BFG能力分析、控制系统分析。
(2)对全烧BFG稳燃进行深入分析,提出了全烧BFG燃烧器改造设想。BFG高炉煤气是高炉冶炼过程中产生的混合气体,主要可燃成份为CO,H2和CH4很少,其中不可煤气体占75%左右,BFG因为燃料热值低,在大气环境下离开明火就熄火,BFG理论燃烧温度在1400～1500℃,难以独立燃烧,为解决低压锅炉安全稳燃烧,本文提出了双旋流气体燃烧器。
(3)BFG热值低,燃烧火焰很暗,紫外线弱,锅炉现用的火焰监测器不能检测到BFG燃烧火焰的稳定信号,影响的锅炉燃烧安全保护联锁可靠性。通过对各种火焰监测器的选型分析,采用了最新型的可调节紫外线火焰监测器,保证能够检测到低压锅炉全烧BFG燃烧火焰。目前对于多种燃料、燃料热值区间大的低压锅炉研究分析较少,而利用该锅炉进行全烧低热值高炉煤气的技术改造尚属首例。
(4)在锅炉受热面不作调整,BFG和燃烧空气不进行再预热的的情况下,对燃烧器进行改造,提高BFG燃烧能力。对燃烧配风系统以及炉膛火焰检测装置改造,以满足稳定燃烧需要,实现低压锅炉100%燃烧BFG的目的。该项技术改造为企业年创效超过800万元。
This article from the low-pressure boiler burning case study, the BFG's own characteristics, the mechanism of the boiler combustion, combustion, heat transfer systems, air systems, ignition systems, security systems and control systems in areas such as in-depth research, the development of low calorific value combustion technology, On the boiler combustion system equipment, fire equipment, security equipment and control systems technology, according to the boiler and auxiliary equipment to optimize boiler rated power load to achieve a 4 # 100% of the low-pressure boiler combustion and stable operation of BFG.
(1) the current low-pressure boilers burning high calorific value of the boiler fuel, with 0 to 100% of the coke oven gas, from 0 to 65% of blast furnace gas, from 0 to 90% of the converter gas, as well as from 0 to 100% of the heavy oil burning capacity of all gas works The status of all the needs of the coke oven gas fire and security. The article studied the mechanism of combustion gas boiler, the boiler equipment modified to achieve the ultimate abolition of the use of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas to achieve 100% combustion condition.
(2) BFG, as well as the physical properties of combustion characteristics of the study. BFG blast furnace gas is produced in the process of smelting furnace of mixed gases, the main combustible components for CO, H2 and CH4 few of which can not be gas-75%, BFG because of the low calorific value fuel, the atmosphere in the environment to leave open flame on the flame, Can not burn, how to stable combustion safety is a key issue. BFG theory of combustion temperature in 1400 ~ 1500℃, in most circumstances must be under air and gas to preheat the combustion stability.
(3) BFG low calorific value, burning flame is dark, ultra-violet weak, the boiler is used in flame detectors can not detect the stability of the flame burning BFG signal, the impact of the boiler combustion reliability of the security chain. Through a variety of flame monitors the selection, use of the latest type of adjustable ultraviolet flame detectors, to ensure the detection of low-pressure boiler to burn the whole BFG flame burning.
(4) In the boiler heating surface is not adjusted, BFG and combustion air preheat are not the case, the burner to reform, improve the ability of burning BFG. On the combustion air distribution system and the transformation of the furnace flame detection devices to meet the needs of a stable combustion. The modification technology of the boiler for low calorific value fuel gas is the first case, and low-pressure boilers to achieve 100% combustion of BFG purpose of the enterprise for years income more than 8,000,000 yuan.
引文
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[2] K.R.A.M. Schreel; E.L. van den Tillaart; L.P.H. de Goey,The influence of burner material properties on the acoustical transfer function of radiant surface burners,Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2005-01,1741-1748
[3]陈听宽,锅炉原理,北京:机械工业出版社,1981,177-199
[4] J. Ga?an; A. Al-Kassir; J.F. González; J. Turegano; A.B. Miranda,Experimental study of fire tube boilers performance for public heating,Applied Thermal Engineering,2005-08,1650-1656
[5]刘德昌,陈汉平锅炉改造技术北京中国电力出版社,2000,24-30
[6]吴东垠.回转式空气预热器的现状及其完善化.中国电力.1998(5)
[7] A. A. Vagner,Raising the Reliability, Efficiency, and Ecological Safety of Operation of the BKZ-210-140F Boiler Transferred to Stage Firing of Kuznetsk Coal in a U-Shape Flame,Power Technology and Engineering,2004-05,159-163
[8]王家楣,彭峰.燃烧器三维流动和燃烧的数值模拟及优化结果.武汉理工大学学报,2004,26:79—82
[9]刘明候.计算流体和传热传质.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2003,22-41
[10]é. P. Demb; V. F. Peters; S. V. Porozov,Experience in the Operation and Modificaton of P-61 Boilers of BGRéS-1,Power Technology and Engineering,2003-07,237-243
[11]《中小型燃气锅炉房》编写组,中小型燃煤气炉房,北京:中国建筑工煤气版社,1981,25-165
[12]Ebrahim Torshizi; Ehsan Saadati; Ali Rafiee,Optimization of Gas Nozzles Geometry in Dual-Fuel Burners of Power Stations,Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention,2008-08,362-369
[13] V. Osintsev; M. Sukharev; E. Toropov; K. Osintsev,Improvement of the process of fuel firing on BKZ-210-140F boilers,Power Technology and Engineering,2007-01,34-40
[14] (苏)B·H·特列姆鲍夫利亚等,锅炉设备热工试验,北京:电力工业出版社,1982,230-236
[15]鹿世金,工业锅炉节能的控制技术,河北:兵器工业出版社,1993,58-104
[16]徐通模,金定安,温龙,锅炉燃烧设备,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990,31-34
[17] .李宇,粱化忠.崔晓刚.等.回转式空气预热器漏风处理及实例.锅炉制造2002.1s5(4):27~29
[18]王致均,沈际群,锅炉燃烧过程,重庆:重庆大学出版社,1987,98-139
[19]李争起,孙锐,孙绍增等.径向浓淡旋流燃烧器气固流动特性的实验研究及其对燃烧的影响.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5):18—23,43
[20]王致均,沈际群,锅炉燃烧过程,重庆:重庆大学出版社,1987,98-139
[21]林宗虎,陈立勋,炉内过程,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990,160-184
[22]徐兆康,工业炉设计基础,上海:上海交通大学出版社,2004,133-136
[23] (苏)A.M.库捷波夫,斯捷尔曼,司求申,蒸汽形成时的流体动力学和热交换,北京,水利电力出版社,1977,1-26
[24] G. T. Levit; V. Ya. Itskovich; A. K. Solov'ev,etc. Optimization of Burners for Firing Solid Fuel and Natural Gas for Boilers with Impact Pulverizers,Power Technology and Engineering,2003-01,33-36
[25]容銮恩,工业锅炉燃烧,北京:水利电力出版社,1992,19-22
[26]江丽芳.关于容积式空气预热器的漏风.发电设备.2005(5):281～284
[27]薄荫佑,工业锅炉安全与节能,北京:工人出版社,1986,407-411
[28]曹子栋,锅炉测试技术,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995,52-76
[29] Gilles Vaitilingom; Christelle Perilhon; Alain Liennard,etc. Development of rape seed oil burners for drying and heating,Industrial Crops and Products,1998-01,273-279
[30] Pia W. W?lneberg; Ivar S. Ertesv?g,Alternatives for power supply to natural-gas export compressors combined with heat production evaluated with respect to exergy utilization and CO2 emissions,Energy Conversion and Management,2008-12,3531-3540
[31]西安热工研究所,燃烧调整试验方法,北京:水利电力出版社,1974,57-61
[32]姜绪木,魏伟.回转式空气预热器漏风因素简析m.电站系统工程.2005,21(2)
[33]国家电力公司电力机械局.电站锅炉空气预热器.中国电力出版社.2002
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