热膜式风速变送器系统设计
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摘要
本文针对国内风速变送器体积庞大、功耗高、性能单一等不足,结合国内外风速变送器的研究理论和实用测量系统,基于热式风速测量原理,采用多项式最小二乘拟合算法及单片机处理电路,开发了一种基于NEC单片机的热膜式风速测量系统。
系统运用低功耗设计思想,选用低功耗单片机和信号调理芯片,使系统静态功耗达到了3.5mA。模块化的理念在系统设计中得到了广泛运用:针对国内PC机的普及,系统设计了和上位PC机通信的电路模块。Zigbee通信模块的设计,使系统在无线组网技术的运用层面具有广阔的市场前景。
本文研制的热膜式风速变送器,可以同时测量风速和温度并分时显示测量值,具有多组风速、温度量程/单位可供选择,能够将风速、温度测量值转换为4-20mA电流和0-10V电压,还能够通过通信接口将测量数据上传到PC机。仪器以NECuPD78F0513A单片机为核心处理器,传感器探头模块、量程/单位设置模块、外部EEPROM存储模块、LCD显示模块、4-20mA V/I转换模块和0-10V电压转换模块分别完成风速/温度的数据采集和信号调理、量程/单位的设定、标定数据存储、测量数据处理、显示、传输以及转换操作。
论文围绕系统开发所做的工作展开介绍:
第一章介绍了国内外风速变送器的研究现状,分析了风速测量系统的发展趋势,阐述了项目的来源、设计要求和主要研究内容。第二章详细阐述了热式风速仪的测量原理和基本测量电路。第三章介绍了系统的硬件电路设计,包括器件选型、电源模块、探头电路、D/A转换模块、4-20mA V/I转换模块、0-10V电压转换模块;第四章介绍了系统软件的设计,包括系统总体软件程序、A/D转换程序、IIC串行口通信程序、LCD显示程序、定时器程序以及正交多项式最小二乘拟合算法程序;第五章介绍了系统的标定方法。第六章确定了测量系统的性能指标,验证该系统能够满足项目要求。第七章对全文进行了总结,对风速变送器的改进和完善进行了展望。
A wind speed transmitter has been designed, using the measurement theory of thermal anemometers, the least-squares fitting algorithm and a sensing and signal processing circuit, to overcome the shortage of home-made anemometers such as large in size, high power consumption, signle function and so on.
The low power design methodologies are used in the system design process. Microcontroller and signal processing chips with low power consumption are selected. The static power consumption of the transmitter is 3.5mA. The modular design methodology is also used during the design. The communication with the host PC based on Zigbee is designed, and makes the transmitter have a broad market prospect in the field of wireless network.
The wind transmitter designed in this thesis could synchronously measure and asynchronously display the wind velocity and temperature. There are multiple-range / units for the wind velocity and temperature during the measurement, and the output mode could be 0 ~ 10V standard voltage output mode or 4 ~ 20mA current output mode. The measurement data could be uploaded to the host PC through the communication interface. NEC uPD78F0513A MCU is the kernel processor. Sensor probe module, ranges/units set module, the external EEPROM memory module, LCD display module, 4-20mA V/I conversion module and 0-10V voltage converter module is responsible for wind speed / temperature data acquisition and signal adjustment, range / unit setting, calibration data storage, measurement data processing, display, and transmission, respectively.
The design has been introduced in detail in the thesis. The domestic and international research of anemometers is overviewed in Chapter I. The development trend of wind speed measurement system has been analysed. And design requirements and main contents of the research are also described in this chapter. The thermal anemometer measurement principle and basic measuring circuits are elaborated in Chapter II. Then the system hardware circuits are given in Chapter III, and the software system is described in Chapter IV. The system calibration method is introduced in Chapter V, and the performance of the system is given in Chapter VI. At last, the conclusion of the paper and a prospect about the improvement and perfection of the instrument is given in Chapter VII.
系统运用低功耗设计思想,选用低功耗单片机和信号调理芯片,使系统静态功耗达到了3.5mA。模块化的理念在系统设计中得到了广泛运用:针对国内PC机的普及,系统设计了和上位PC机通信的电路模块。Zigbee通信模块的设计,使系统在无线组网技术的运用层面具有广阔的市场前景。
本文研制的热膜式风速变送器,可以同时测量风速和温度并分时显示测量值,具有多组风速、温度量程/单位可供选择,能够将风速、温度测量值转换为4-20mA电流和0-10V电压,还能够通过通信接口将测量数据上传到PC机。仪器以NECuPD78F0513A单片机为核心处理器,传感器探头模块、量程/单位设置模块、外部EEPROM存储模块、LCD显示模块、4-20mA V/I转换模块和0-10V电压转换模块分别完成风速/温度的数据采集和信号调理、量程/单位的设定、标定数据存储、测量数据处理、显示、传输以及转换操作。
论文围绕系统开发所做的工作展开介绍:
第一章介绍了国内外风速变送器的研究现状,分析了风速测量系统的发展趋势,阐述了项目的来源、设计要求和主要研究内容。第二章详细阐述了热式风速仪的测量原理和基本测量电路。第三章介绍了系统的硬件电路设计,包括器件选型、电源模块、探头电路、D/A转换模块、4-20mA V/I转换模块、0-10V电压转换模块;第四章介绍了系统软件的设计,包括系统总体软件程序、A/D转换程序、IIC串行口通信程序、LCD显示程序、定时器程序以及正交多项式最小二乘拟合算法程序;第五章介绍了系统的标定方法。第六章确定了测量系统的性能指标,验证该系统能够满足项目要求。第七章对全文进行了总结,对风速变送器的改进和完善进行了展望。
A wind speed transmitter has been designed, using the measurement theory of thermal anemometers, the least-squares fitting algorithm and a sensing and signal processing circuit, to overcome the shortage of home-made anemometers such as large in size, high power consumption, signle function and so on.
The low power design methodologies are used in the system design process. Microcontroller and signal processing chips with low power consumption are selected. The static power consumption of the transmitter is 3.5mA. The modular design methodology is also used during the design. The communication with the host PC based on Zigbee is designed, and makes the transmitter have a broad market prospect in the field of wireless network.
The wind transmitter designed in this thesis could synchronously measure and asynchronously display the wind velocity and temperature. There are multiple-range / units for the wind velocity and temperature during the measurement, and the output mode could be 0 ~ 10V standard voltage output mode or 4 ~ 20mA current output mode. The measurement data could be uploaded to the host PC through the communication interface. NEC uPD78F0513A MCU is the kernel processor. Sensor probe module, ranges/units set module, the external EEPROM memory module, LCD display module, 4-20mA V/I conversion module and 0-10V voltage converter module is responsible for wind speed / temperature data acquisition and signal adjustment, range / unit setting, calibration data storage, measurement data processing, display, and transmission, respectively.
The design has been introduced in detail in the thesis. The domestic and international research of anemometers is overviewed in Chapter I. The development trend of wind speed measurement system has been analysed. And design requirements and main contents of the research are also described in this chapter. The thermal anemometer measurement principle and basic measuring circuits are elaborated in Chapter II. Then the system hardware circuits are given in Chapter III, and the software system is described in Chapter IV. The system calibration method is introduced in Chapter V, and the performance of the system is given in Chapter VI. At last, the conclusion of the paper and a prospect about the improvement and perfection of the instrument is given in Chapter VII.
引文
[1]应启戛,赵学端.流量检测及仪表.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1987
[2]胡珊.流量传感器技术在热电厂中的应用及其发展.仪器仪表用户.2002,10(5):1～3
[3] Robert F B.Quartz capillary flow meter for gases.Review of Scientific Instruments,2004,75(3):772～779.
[4] Pillow J J,Ljungberg H.Hulskamp G,et a1.Functional residual capacity measurements in healthy infants : ultrasonic flow meter versus a mass spectrometer.Eur Respir J.2004,23(5):763～768.
[5] Kaltsas G ,Nassiopoulou A G.Gas flow meter for application in medical equipment for respiratory control:study of the housing.Sensors and Actuators A :Physical, 2004,1lO(1):413~ 422.
[6]森村正直,山崎弘郎.传感器技术.北京:科学出版社,1988.
[7]朱徐立,林辉.超声波涡街风速计的研究及理论分析.厦门大学硕士论文集.2008.
[8]盛森芝,沈熊,舒玮.流速测量技术[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987:18～26.
[9]孙志强,周孑民,张宏建等.皮托管测量影响因素分析I.检测杆与安装角的影[J].传感技术学报,2007 ,(03):41–44.
[10]刘焱,宋彦峥.一种智能型气体流量传感器的设计[J].黑龙江大学学报(自然科学版),2006,22(3):379～381.
[11]孙承松,李瑞.热式气体质量流量传感器研究与发展[J].传感器世界,2005,10:29～31.
[12]罗晶,陈平.热式质量流量计测量电路设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004,10:29～30.
[13]卢荣胜,巫荣闻,李勇.基于NEC单片机的压力变送器系统设计.仪表技术与传感器.
[14]沈玉秀,唐祯安,张洪泉.热线式传感器的研究.传感器技术.2004.第23卷第5期:15～18.
[15] Martin Mischlereta1.IEEE Region 10 Annual international Conference,1995,20～23.
[16]吕崇德.热工参数测量与处理(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出社,2001. 171～178.
[17] Brunn H H.Hot-wire Anemometry:Principle and Signal Analysis [M].New York:Oxford University Press Inc,1995.19 - 38.
[18] Elwenspoek M.Thermal flow micro sensors [A] .Semiconductor Conference, 1999[C] .CAS′99 Proceedings 1999 International ,IEEE 1999 ,18(3) :423～435.
[19]蔡武昌,应启戛.新型流量检测仪表[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2006: 163～176
[20]姜远海,霍纪文.医用传感器[H].北京:科学出版社.1999
[21]邱关源.电路(第4版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[22]强锡富.传感器-3版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.5:41-42
[23] NEC uPD78F0513DA单片机datasheet. www.cn.necel.com/micro/cn/ documentation.html
[24] LM317数据手册.http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=LM317
[25] LP2951数据册.http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=LP2951
[26]康华光.电子技术基础:模拟部分.北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[27]张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路(B).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.09:184-191
[28]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.P89LPC900在高精度模数转换场合的应用.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[29] PCF8562芯片datasheet. http://cn.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword= PCF8562
[30] Pt100技术手册.http://www.bjsailing.com.cn/product/images/wendu1.pdf
[31]曹才开,刘辉.电学量传感器通用线性处理方法[J].传感器技术,2002, (04):51～56.
[32]樊衡.传感器输出信号通用线性处理电路的研究[J].传感器世界,2006 , (08):35～37
[33]阚保强,张安堂,王建业等.传感器信号非线性的软件补偿[J] .空军工程大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005 ,6 (02) :25～27.
[34]许科军,陈荣保,张崇巍.自动检测和仪表中的共性技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:19～28.
[35]刘钦圣.最小二乘问题计算方法[M] .北京:北京工业大学出版社,1989: 4～16.
[36]徐士良.数值分析与算法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007 :271～273.
[37] Richard L. Burden , J . Douglas Faires. Numerical Analysis[M] . Belmont :Thomson Learning , Inc. ,2005 :491～498.
[38] [美]Duane Hanselman, Bruce Littlefieldv.朱仁峰[译].精通MATLAB 7.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.5:262-265
[2]胡珊.流量传感器技术在热电厂中的应用及其发展.仪器仪表用户.2002,10(5):1～3
[3] Robert F B.Quartz capillary flow meter for gases.Review of Scientific Instruments,2004,75(3):772～779.
[4] Pillow J J,Ljungberg H.Hulskamp G,et a1.Functional residual capacity measurements in healthy infants : ultrasonic flow meter versus a mass spectrometer.Eur Respir J.2004,23(5):763～768.
[5] Kaltsas G ,Nassiopoulou A G.Gas flow meter for application in medical equipment for respiratory control:study of the housing.Sensors and Actuators A :Physical, 2004,1lO(1):413~ 422.
[6]森村正直,山崎弘郎.传感器技术.北京:科学出版社,1988.
[7]朱徐立,林辉.超声波涡街风速计的研究及理论分析.厦门大学硕士论文集.2008.
[8]盛森芝,沈熊,舒玮.流速测量技术[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987:18～26.
[9]孙志强,周孑民,张宏建等.皮托管测量影响因素分析I.检测杆与安装角的影[J].传感技术学报,2007 ,(03):41–44.
[10]刘焱,宋彦峥.一种智能型气体流量传感器的设计[J].黑龙江大学学报(自然科学版),2006,22(3):379～381.
[11]孙承松,李瑞.热式气体质量流量传感器研究与发展[J].传感器世界,2005,10:29～31.
[12]罗晶,陈平.热式质量流量计测量电路设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004,10:29～30.
[13]卢荣胜,巫荣闻,李勇.基于NEC单片机的压力变送器系统设计.仪表技术与传感器.
[14]沈玉秀,唐祯安,张洪泉.热线式传感器的研究.传感器技术.2004.第23卷第5期:15～18.
[15] Martin Mischlereta1.IEEE Region 10 Annual international Conference,1995,20～23.
[16]吕崇德.热工参数测量与处理(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出社,2001. 171～178.
[17] Brunn H H.Hot-wire Anemometry:Principle and Signal Analysis [M].New York:Oxford University Press Inc,1995.19 - 38.
[18] Elwenspoek M.Thermal flow micro sensors [A] .Semiconductor Conference, 1999[C] .CAS′99 Proceedings 1999 International ,IEEE 1999 ,18(3) :423～435.
[19]蔡武昌,应启戛.新型流量检测仪表[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2006: 163～176
[20]姜远海,霍纪文.医用传感器[H].北京:科学出版社.1999
[21]邱关源.电路(第4版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[22]强锡富.传感器-3版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.5:41-42
[23] NEC uPD78F0513DA单片机datasheet. www.cn.necel.com/micro/cn/ documentation.html
[24] LM317数据手册.http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=LM317
[25] LP2951数据册.http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=LP2951
[26]康华光.电子技术基础:模拟部分.北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[27]张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路(B).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.09:184-191
[28]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.P89LPC900在高精度模数转换场合的应用.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[29] PCF8562芯片datasheet. http://cn.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword= PCF8562
[30] Pt100技术手册.http://www.bjsailing.com.cn/product/images/wendu1.pdf
[31]曹才开,刘辉.电学量传感器通用线性处理方法[J].传感器技术,2002, (04):51～56.
[32]樊衡.传感器输出信号通用线性处理电路的研究[J].传感器世界,2006 , (08):35～37
[33]阚保强,张安堂,王建业等.传感器信号非线性的软件补偿[J] .空军工程大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005 ,6 (02) :25～27.
[34]许科军,陈荣保,张崇巍.自动检测和仪表中的共性技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:19～28.
[35]刘钦圣.最小二乘问题计算方法[M] .北京:北京工业大学出版社,1989: 4～16.
[36]徐士良.数值分析与算法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007 :271～273.
[37] Richard L. Burden , J . Douglas Faires. Numerical Analysis[M] . Belmont :Thomson Learning , Inc. ,2005 :491～498.
[38] [美]Duane Hanselman, Bruce Littlefieldv.朱仁峰[译].精通MATLAB 7.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.5:262-265
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