难变形GH4049合金热轧棒材的研制
摘要
GH4049是一种仿制前苏联ЭИ929合金的复杂合金化的Ni-Cr-Co基难变形高温合金。GH4049合金热轧棒材主要用于制造航空发动机的涡轮叶片,是重要的涡轮工作叶片的材料之一。全国仅有抚钢一家生产,远远不能满足市场对GH4049合金棒材的需求。我们对GH4049合金热轧棒生产工艺进行多次研究。
本文研究的内容主要有:
1)真空感应、电渣重熔工艺的研究;
2)GH4049合金轧制工艺的试验研究;
3)Mg、B对GH4049性能的影响;
4)高温均匀化工艺的研究。
通过对GH4049合金生产工艺流程及组织性能进行全面研究,采用真空感应冶炼+电渣重熔冶炼GH4049能够获得保证材料的纯洁度、良好的化学成分;采用1200℃×30小时高温均匀化扩散退火能够显著改善铸锭元素的偏析,改变了一次碳化物的析出形态,改善了合金的热加工塑性;采用恒温轧制开坯的工艺,是宝钢特钢解决高强难变形GH4049合金热轧棒材生产的独创新工艺,实践表明是一种有效解决GH4049合金热轧棒材批量生产,能够显著提高生产效率,取得显著经济效益的创新技术;控制适量的微量元素B、Mg有利于改善合金的热加工塑性和提高高温拉伸塑性,有利于稳定生产工艺和棒材的产品质量。
恒温韧性轧制新工艺应用于GH4049合金热轧棒材的生产实践,生产工艺和产品质量都比较稳定,产品能较大批量地满足市场的需求,因而获得用户良好评价,经济效益和社会效益都比较显著。
GH4049 is one of the complex alloying Ni-Cr-Co based hard deformation superalloys. Hot-rolled bar of GH4049 alloy is an important materials of turbine blades and mainly used for manufacturing turbine blades of aeroengine.Up to now Fushun steel factory is the only one factory to produce GH4049 alloy, and far from enough to meet the markets. We have investigated on the production process of GH4049 alloy hot-rolled bar.
The research contents in this paper mainly are as followas:
(1)Resaerch on the production process of VIM and ESR;
(2)Experimental study on the hot-rolling process of GH4049 alloy;
(3)Effect of Mg and B on the GH4049 alloy performance;
(4)Research on the process of the high-temperature homogenization.
After overall study on the production process microstructure properties of GH4049, it is proved that VIM and ESR enable to achieve higher purity and fine chemical composition of material.And high temperature diffusion annealing for 30h at 1200 enables to improve segregation of chemcial elements in casting ingot and moreover change the formation of first segregated carbide and improve the hot plastic deformation property.The process of breading down the billet at uniform temperature was an original new process developed by Baosteel group dedicated for those super alloy that is extremely hard to be deformed.It has been proved that this new process is much effective to achieve batch production of GH4049 and increast productivity as well. It can bring very good profit both in terms of economy and society. Besides controlling the content of B and Mg is good to improve the hot plastic and tensile deformation property and achieve stable quality of product.
After the adoption of this unique process the production and product is very stable and can meet the demand of market and accordingly gain very good feeback from customers. The profit is very significant.
本文研究的内容主要有:
1)真空感应、电渣重熔工艺的研究;
2)GH4049合金轧制工艺的试验研究;
3)Mg、B对GH4049性能的影响;
4)高温均匀化工艺的研究。
通过对GH4049合金生产工艺流程及组织性能进行全面研究,采用真空感应冶炼+电渣重熔冶炼GH4049能够获得保证材料的纯洁度、良好的化学成分;采用1200℃×30小时高温均匀化扩散退火能够显著改善铸锭元素的偏析,改变了一次碳化物的析出形态,改善了合金的热加工塑性;采用恒温轧制开坯的工艺,是宝钢特钢解决高强难变形GH4049合金热轧棒材生产的独创新工艺,实践表明是一种有效解决GH4049合金热轧棒材批量生产,能够显著提高生产效率,取得显著经济效益的创新技术;控制适量的微量元素B、Mg有利于改善合金的热加工塑性和提高高温拉伸塑性,有利于稳定生产工艺和棒材的产品质量。
恒温韧性轧制新工艺应用于GH4049合金热轧棒材的生产实践,生产工艺和产品质量都比较稳定,产品能较大批量地满足市场的需求,因而获得用户良好评价,经济效益和社会效益都比较显著。
GH4049 is one of the complex alloying Ni-Cr-Co based hard deformation superalloys. Hot-rolled bar of GH4049 alloy is an important materials of turbine blades and mainly used for manufacturing turbine blades of aeroengine.Up to now Fushun steel factory is the only one factory to produce GH4049 alloy, and far from enough to meet the markets. We have investigated on the production process of GH4049 alloy hot-rolled bar.
The research contents in this paper mainly are as followas:
(1)Resaerch on the production process of VIM and ESR;
(2)Experimental study on the hot-rolling process of GH4049 alloy;
(3)Effect of Mg and B on the GH4049 alloy performance;
(4)Research on the process of the high-temperature homogenization.
After overall study on the production process microstructure properties of GH4049, it is proved that VIM and ESR enable to achieve higher purity and fine chemical composition of material.And high temperature diffusion annealing for 30h at 1200 enables to improve segregation of chemcial elements in casting ingot and moreover change the formation of first segregated carbide and improve the hot plastic deformation property.The process of breading down the billet at uniform temperature was an original new process developed by Baosteel group dedicated for those super alloy that is extremely hard to be deformed.It has been proved that this new process is much effective to achieve batch production of GH4049 and increast productivity as well. It can bring very good profit both in terms of economy and society. Besides controlling the content of B and Mg is good to improve the hot plastic and tensile deformation property and achieve stable quality of product.
After the adoption of this unique process the production and product is very stable and can meet the demand of market and accordingly gain very good feeback from customers. The profit is very significant.
引文
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[2]师昌绪,陆达,荣科.中国高温合金四十年.中国科学技术出版社,1996,8
[3]傅恒志.未来航空发动机材料面临的挑战与发展趋向.航空材料学报,1998;18(4):52
[4]师昌绪,仲增墉.中国高温合金五十年.冶金工业出版社,2006,8
[5]Bhat,GK.,Tobias,J.B.and,R.L.,Second Intrnational Symposium on electroslag remelting technology, Symposium Proceedings PartⅠ,1969,Pennesylvania,Coblated and Edited by G.K.Bhat.
[6]师昌绪,陆达,荣科.中国高温合金四十年.中国科学技术出版社,1996,8.P10
[7]谢严鑫,周景华,马培立等.不同弯晶工艺对GH220合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.第五届全国高温合金年会文集.1984.P106
[8]张志强.弯曲晶界对GH220合金高温疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.第五届全国高温合金年会文集.1984.P386
[9]胡尧和.Mg-PSZ ZrO2泡沫陶瓷过滤器应用研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,13卷,P558
[10]潘真赐.1吨真空感应炉去除氮及有含元素工艺研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,13卷,P563
[11]陈崇禧.高温合金细晶电渣重熔锭研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,第13卷,P533
[12]陈国良.高温合金的晶界韧化.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS643
[13]马迅.镁、锆在改型GH33A合金中的分布及其作用.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P1
[14]王罗宝.铪对定向高温合金DZ-22的元素偏析行为和中温持久性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P16
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[17]陈国胜.硼对GH2130合金组织和性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P235
[18]何松炯.碳对10号镍基铸造高温合金冷热疲劳性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P441
[19]郭品河.钙对GH30合金热塑性的作用及在熔炼过程中的工艺控制.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P817
[20]庄景云.GH169合金涡轮盘中Nb偏析的分析.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS1
[21]陈国胜. Nb在铁基高温合金中的分布及其对组织的影响.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS155
[22]李玉清. Nb对13Cr-30Ni合金晶界的作用.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS171
[23]赵光普,赵炳坤.W,Mo在GH586合金中的作用.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS193
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[30]Sherby 0 D,Burke P M. Mechanical behavior crystalline solids at elevated temperature. Prog. In Mater.Mci.1967,13(7):325-390
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[36]Lagneborg R. Bypassing of dislocations past particles by a climb mechanism.Scripta Metall.,1973,7(6):605-614
[37]Hausseelt G H,Nix W D. A model for high temperature deformation of dispersion streghened metals based on substructural observation in Ni-20Cr-2ThO2.Acta Metall.,1977,25(12):1491-1502
[38]Arzt E,R?sler J. The kinetics of dislocation climb over hard particles-Ⅱ.Effects of an attractive particle-dislocation interaction. Acta Metall.,1988,36(4):1053-1060
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[1]刘建生.金属塑性加工有限元模拟技术与应用,冶金工业出版社,2003:1-2
[2]李尚健.金属塑性成形过程模拟,机械工业出版社,1999
[2]师昌绪,陆达,荣科.中国高温合金四十年.中国科学技术出版社,1996,8
[3]傅恒志.未来航空发动机材料面临的挑战与发展趋向.航空材料学报,1998;18(4):52
[4]师昌绪,仲增墉.中国高温合金五十年.冶金工业出版社,2006,8
[5]Bhat,GK.,Tobias,J.B.and,R.L.,Second Intrnational Symposium on electroslag remelting technology, Symposium Proceedings PartⅠ,1969,Pennesylvania,Coblated and Edited by G.K.Bhat.
[6]师昌绪,陆达,荣科.中国高温合金四十年.中国科学技术出版社,1996,8.P10
[7]谢严鑫,周景华,马培立等.不同弯晶工艺对GH220合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.第五届全国高温合金年会文集.1984.P106
[8]张志强.弯曲晶界对GH220合金高温疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.第五届全国高温合金年会文集.1984.P386
[9]胡尧和.Mg-PSZ ZrO2泡沫陶瓷过滤器应用研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,13卷,P558
[10]潘真赐.1吨真空感应炉去除氮及有含元素工艺研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,13卷,P563
[11]陈崇禧.高温合金细晶电渣重熔锭研究.北京科技大学学报,1991,第13卷,P533
[12]陈国良.高温合金的晶界韧化.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS643
[13]马迅.镁、锆在改型GH33A合金中的分布及其作用.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P1
[14]王罗宝.铪对定向高温合金DZ-22的元素偏析行为和中温持久性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P16
[15]王延庆.镧在Ni-20Cr-20Co-18W高温合金中的分布及其持久性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P22
[16]朱静.含镁GH220合金晶界结构的研究.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P88
[17]陈国胜.硼对GH2130合金组织和性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P235
[18]何松炯.碳对10号镍基铸造高温合金冷热疲劳性能的影响.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P441
[19]郭品河.钙对GH30合金热塑性的作用及在熔炼过程中的工艺控制.第六届全国高温合金年会论文集.1987.P817
[20]庄景云.GH169合金涡轮盘中Nb偏析的分析.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS1
[21]陈国胜. Nb在铁基高温合金中的分布及其对组织的影响.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS155
[22]李玉清. Nb对13Cr-30Ni合金晶界的作用.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS171
[23]赵光普,赵炳坤.W,Mo在GH586合金中的作用.金属学报.1995,第31卷,PS193
[24]张俊善.材料的高温变形与断裂,北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[25]Frost H J,Ashby M F.Deformation Mechanism Maps,The Plasticity and Creep of Metals and Ceramics.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1982
[26]Ashby M F.A first report on deformation mechanism maps.Acta Metall.,1972,20(7):887-897
[27] Frost H J.Ph.D.thesis. Harvard University,1974
[28]Basinski Z S.Activation energy for creep of alumimun at subatmospheric temperature.Acta Metall ,1957,5(11):684-686
[29]Basinski Z S.Thermally activated glide in face centered cubic metals and its application to the theory of strain hardening.Phil.Mag.,1959,4(40):393-532
[30]Sherby 0 D,Burke P M. Mechanical behavior crystalline solids at elevated temperature. Prog. In Mater.Mci.1967,13(7):325-390
[31] ?adek J. Creep in Materials.Amesterdam:Elsevier,1988
[32]Lagneborg R,Bergman B. The stress/creep rate behavior of precipitation-hardened alloys.Metall.Sci.,1976,10(1):20-28
[33]张俊善.材料强度学.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004
[34]Brown L M,Ham P K.Strengthening Methods in Crystals.London:Appl.Sci.Publ.,1971
[35]Shewfelt R S W, Brown L M.High temperature strength of dispersion-hardened single crystalsⅡ.Theory. Phil. Mag.,1977,35(4):945-962
[36]Lagneborg R. Bypassing of dislocations past particles by a climb mechanism.Scripta Metall.,1973,7(6):605-614
[37]Hausseelt G H,Nix W D. A model for high temperature deformation of dispersion streghened metals based on substructural observation in Ni-20Cr-2ThO2.Acta Metall.,1977,25(12):1491-1502
[38]Arzt E,R?sler J. The kinetics of dislocation climb over hard particles-Ⅱ.Effects of an attractive particle-dislocation interaction. Acta Metall.,1988,36(4):1053-1060
[39] Zhang J S,Li P E,Jin J Z.Combined matrix/boundary precipition strengthening in creep of Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloys. Acta Metall.,Mater.,1991,39(12):3063-3070
[40] Li P E,Zhang J S,Wang F G, Jin J Z. Influence of intergranular carbide density andgrain size on creep of Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloys. Metall. Trans.,1992,23A(4):1379-1381
[41] Zhang J S,Li P E,Jin J Z.Creep deformation of precipitation strengthened 15Cr-25Ni stainless steels.In:Jono M ,Inoue T. Mechanical Behavior of Materials-Ⅵ.Tokyo:Pegamon Press,1991. 595-600
[42] Zhang J S,Chen W X, Cao Z B.Grain boundary precipitation strengthening in high temperature creep of Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloys. Scripta Metall.,1089,23(4):547-551
[43] Zhang J S,Chen W X, Cao Z B. Grain boundary feature and creep behavior of Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloys. Acta Metall.,1989,2(5):368-373
[44]李培恩,张俊善,金俊泽.高温蠕变中晶界沉淀强化的一种唯象模型.金属学报,1990,26(4):A280-A283
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