连续激光与30CrMnSiA钢等典型金属材料相互作用机理
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摘要
激光与材料相互作用机理研究是激光应用的基础,也是伴随激光技术发展起来的一门新兴的学科,涉及材料、力学、化学和物理等多学科前沿交叉。通过实验测量反射率,研究激光辐照过程中激光吸收系数的变化,是开展激光与材料耦合效率研究并揭示其耦合规律与机理的重要手段之一
本文在使用积分球测量激光与材料耦合效率过程中,发现金属材料被激光加热后,其热辐射发光对积分球的测量探测器存在明显的影响,从而使测量结果中引入了较大的误差,这一现象普遍存在于以往的测试工作中。通过对积分球测量的原理的深入分析,提出了消除金属材料热辐射发光对探测器干扰的方法,使测量精度得到较大提高。同时本文对积分球测量过程中可能产生误差的环节,也开展了较深入的分析,这一工作对于获取真实、可靠的激光与材料的耦合效率数据、提高测量精度是有指导意义的。
基于上面改进的较高测量精度的激光与材料耦合效率测量方法,开展了～kW/cm2量级的1.06μm连续激光与30CrMnSiA钢的耦合效率的实验研究,通过改变激光辐照强度、激光辐照方式,和对反射率曲线上发生变化位置采用冻结方法研究材料组分变化等手段,对激光辐照下材料耦合效率的变化机理予以了较好的揭示和阐述。在此工作基础上还开展了激光与Ly12铝材料的耦合规律研究,提供了较可靠的实验数据。
本文同时提出了温度场的反演方法,可以根据后表面的温度历史反推样品前表面在激光辐照下吸收系数发生变化的过程。这种方法弥补了实验只能给出光斑区平均吸收系数变化的不足,对后继高精度开展激光与材料耦合规律研究非常有帮助。基于该方法编写的一维程序反演的结果,与一维实验结果符合较好,说明这种方法是可行的。
最后,利用金属膜理论与氧化膜生长理论初步建立反射率变化模型,并编写一维程序用于模拟反射率变化过程,得到了变化趋势与实验符合较好的结果。通过初步建立的反射率变化模型,解释了实验中出现的主要现象的物理机制,对激光与30CrMnSiA钢的相互作用的机理有较好的揭示。
The interaction between laser and materials forms the basis of laser applications with the development of laser technologies. It is a multidiscipline involving material science, mechanics, chemistry and physics, etc. The absorption coefficient of materials under laser irradiation, being representative of laser-material coupling efficiency, can be measured by means of reflectivity on material interface.
When measuring the laser-material coupling efficiency using integrating sphere, we found that the thermal radiation of metals resulted from laser heating could significantly affect the detector in an integrating sphere, and therefore brought a large error to the measurement. Through an in-depth analysis on the measuring principle of integrating sphere, an approach is proposed in the thesis to eliminate the interference of thermal radiation of heated metal materials, so that the measurement accuracy is greatly improved. In addition, the measurement error of reflectivity using integrating sphere is analyzed systematically. This work has instructive significance in obtaining the true and reliable laser-material coupling efficiency data and improving the measurement accuracy.
Based on the improved high-accuracy measurement of the interface reflectivity, the coupling power output efficiency between the 30CrMnSiA steel and the 1.06um CW laser of the order of～kW/cm2, is explored experimentally. By means of changing the intensity of laser irradiation, the mode of laser loading, and analyzing the variation of metal composition for those abrupt changes of material reflectivity, the mechanism of the coupling efficiency under laser irradiation is well revealed. Based on this work, the coupling rule between laser and Ly12 aluminum is also studied experimentally, and reliable data of reflectivity are obtained.
Using the temperature distribution of rear surface which can be obtained experimentally, an inverse calculation, analogous to anti-integral method, is performed in the thesis to calculate the temperature variation on the front surface where laser irradiation is applied. The absorption coefficient obtained make up for the deficiency that experiment data are related to the absorption coefficient of a spot area in average. It is helpful to carry out the research on high-precision coupling rule between laser and materials in future. The one-dimensional calculations are given in the thesis. They are in good agreement with those of specially designed one-dimensional experiments.
Finally, a reflectivity model is established by using the metal-film theory and the growth of oxide film theory. Also a one-dimensional program is composed and used to simulate the reflectivity variation in the process of laser irradiation. The trend of calculated results is in good agreement with that of experimental results. Through establishing the reflectivity model, we explain the variation of reflectivity in the experiments, and furthermore reveal the mechanism of the interaction between laser and 30CrMnSiA steel.
本文在使用积分球测量激光与材料耦合效率过程中,发现金属材料被激光加热后,其热辐射发光对积分球的测量探测器存在明显的影响,从而使测量结果中引入了较大的误差,这一现象普遍存在于以往的测试工作中。通过对积分球测量的原理的深入分析,提出了消除金属材料热辐射发光对探测器干扰的方法,使测量精度得到较大提高。同时本文对积分球测量过程中可能产生误差的环节,也开展了较深入的分析,这一工作对于获取真实、可靠的激光与材料的耦合效率数据、提高测量精度是有指导意义的。
基于上面改进的较高测量精度的激光与材料耦合效率测量方法,开展了～kW/cm2量级的1.06μm连续激光与30CrMnSiA钢的耦合效率的实验研究,通过改变激光辐照强度、激光辐照方式,和对反射率曲线上发生变化位置采用冻结方法研究材料组分变化等手段,对激光辐照下材料耦合效率的变化机理予以了较好的揭示和阐述。在此工作基础上还开展了激光与Ly12铝材料的耦合规律研究,提供了较可靠的实验数据。
本文同时提出了温度场的反演方法,可以根据后表面的温度历史反推样品前表面在激光辐照下吸收系数发生变化的过程。这种方法弥补了实验只能给出光斑区平均吸收系数变化的不足,对后继高精度开展激光与材料耦合规律研究非常有帮助。基于该方法编写的一维程序反演的结果,与一维实验结果符合较好,说明这种方法是可行的。
最后,利用金属膜理论与氧化膜生长理论初步建立反射率变化模型,并编写一维程序用于模拟反射率变化过程,得到了变化趋势与实验符合较好的结果。通过初步建立的反射率变化模型,解释了实验中出现的主要现象的物理机制,对激光与30CrMnSiA钢的相互作用的机理有较好的揭示。
The interaction between laser and materials forms the basis of laser applications with the development of laser technologies. It is a multidiscipline involving material science, mechanics, chemistry and physics, etc. The absorption coefficient of materials under laser irradiation, being representative of laser-material coupling efficiency, can be measured by means of reflectivity on material interface.
When measuring the laser-material coupling efficiency using integrating sphere, we found that the thermal radiation of metals resulted from laser heating could significantly affect the detector in an integrating sphere, and therefore brought a large error to the measurement. Through an in-depth analysis on the measuring principle of integrating sphere, an approach is proposed in the thesis to eliminate the interference of thermal radiation of heated metal materials, so that the measurement accuracy is greatly improved. In addition, the measurement error of reflectivity using integrating sphere is analyzed systematically. This work has instructive significance in obtaining the true and reliable laser-material coupling efficiency data and improving the measurement accuracy.
Based on the improved high-accuracy measurement of the interface reflectivity, the coupling power output efficiency between the 30CrMnSiA steel and the 1.06um CW laser of the order of～kW/cm2, is explored experimentally. By means of changing the intensity of laser irradiation, the mode of laser loading, and analyzing the variation of metal composition for those abrupt changes of material reflectivity, the mechanism of the coupling efficiency under laser irradiation is well revealed. Based on this work, the coupling rule between laser and Ly12 aluminum is also studied experimentally, and reliable data of reflectivity are obtained.
Using the temperature distribution of rear surface which can be obtained experimentally, an inverse calculation, analogous to anti-integral method, is performed in the thesis to calculate the temperature variation on the front surface where laser irradiation is applied. The absorption coefficient obtained make up for the deficiency that experiment data are related to the absorption coefficient of a spot area in average. It is helpful to carry out the research on high-precision coupling rule between laser and materials in future. The one-dimensional calculations are given in the thesis. They are in good agreement with those of specially designed one-dimensional experiments.
Finally, a reflectivity model is established by using the metal-film theory and the growth of oxide film theory. Also a one-dimensional program is composed and used to simulate the reflectivity variation in the process of laser irradiation. The trend of calculated results is in good agreement with that of experimental results. Through establishing the reflectivity model, we explain the variation of reflectivity in the experiments, and furthermore reveal the mechanism of the interaction between laser and 30CrMnSiA steel.
引文
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