北冰洋、白令海、南海南部海域氟氯烃分布特征及其水团示踪研究
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摘要
氟氯烃(Chlorofluorocarbon, CFC)化学示踪是海洋水团结构及其相互作用研究的有效工具,在世界大洋环流实验海洋计划中被列为常规测定项目。本研究以CFC作为示踪物对北冰洋、白令海以及南海南部海域的水团年龄及水体运移进行了研究。主要研究结果如下:
1.根据对北冰洋、白令海及南海南部表层海水中CFC的测定结果分析表明:北冰洋海区表层水中的CFC皆处于不饱和状态,CFC-11的饱和度在66.1%～97.83%之间,CCl4的饱和度在65.40%～92.93%,CFC-113的饱和度在61.68～97.98%之间,这主要是由于海冰长期覆盖及低CFC的径流输入或太平洋水入侵导致的。白令海及南海南部海区的表层水的CFC则皆处于饱和或接近饱和状态。
2.加拿大海盆层化结构明显,根据CFC垂直断面图可明显地分为表层、次表层、中层及深层水团,采用pCFC-11定年法对各水团年龄估算的结果为次表层水团的年龄约为19a,中层水团的年龄约为27a,深层水团的年龄约为38a。采用pCCl4对次表层水团年龄估算的结果要比pCFC-11得到的结果稍大一些。另外,在加拿大海盆2000m深度,仍存在相当浓度的CFC,表明加拿大海盆深层水与周围水体存在交换与更新。
3.楚科奇海表层及20m深水的CFC、营养盐、DO数据分析表明Chinare2003在研究海区考察期间,20m以浅水体主要被阿拉斯加沿岸水及海冰融化水所占据。楚科奇海R断面的CFC、温盐等分布特征表明确有一支太平洋水经中央水道流入北冰洋,这一研究结果与Weingartiner等人及Woodgate等人的研究结果一致。白令海峡入口处BS06A、BS07A及BS09A三个站位的CFC及温盐数据分析表明,BS09A站位所在的水团为阿拉斯加沿岸水,而BS06A,BS07A站位附近海域很可能就是阿拉斯加沿岸水与白令陆坡水或阿纳德尔水三个水团之间交汇的地点。
4.楚科奇海台北部的P2断面在300～800m深度存在CFC极大值,表明在楚科奇海台北部至少存在北极边界流的一个分支。楚科奇海台南部的M07站位CFC的垂直分布显示,150～200m间CFC浓度差异较小,表明位于该深度范围内的大西洋水和太平洋水存在相互混合,由于太平洋水密度较小,不可能向下与
Chlorofluorocarbon chemical tracing is a useful tool to study the structure and their interplay of seawater masses. CFC was conventional survey items in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). In this paper, CFC are used as tracers to study the age of water masses and their movement in the Arctic,Bering Sea and the southern South China Sea. Main conclusions are obtained as follows:
1. The CFC data from the Arctic Ocean indicated that the CFC in surface water is in undersaturation, The degrees of saturation of CFC-11 in the surface water lies in the range of 70.54% to 84.70%, and that of CCl4 within 76.54% to 91.53%, CFC-113 within 61.68% to 97.98%, probably caused by local ice cover, runoff and the invasion of the Pacific water with low CFC concentration. Contrast to the Arctic, the saturation in the Bering Sea and the southern South Sea is in or near saturation.
2. The vertical distributions of CFC confirmed that the water masses in the Canada Basin were stratified. From the CFC section the water masses in the Canada Basin can be divided into surface water, subsurface water, intermediate water and deep water. The age of these water masses from the pCFC-11 are 19 years for subsurface water, 27 years for intermediate water, and 38 years for deep water. The age of the subsurface water mass from the pCCl4 is older than that from the pCFC-11. The significant concentration of CFC at the depth of 2000 m indicated that deep water in the Canada Basin was exchanged and replaced with the open seawater outside.
3. The distribution of the CFC, nutrients, DO showed that there are two water masses in the shallower 20m, ACW and ice-melted water. The R section distribution of CFC in the Chukchi Sea confirmed that there is an inflow of Pacific water into the Arctic through the Central Channel, consistent with the results of Weingartiner et al. and Woodgate et al. The CFC and T-S data from the stations of the Bering Sea indicate that the water mass at the station BS09A is the Alaskan Coast Water, and the BS06A, BS07A are in the mixing area of the Alaskan Coast Water, Bering Shelf Water and
1.根据对北冰洋、白令海及南海南部表层海水中CFC的测定结果分析表明:北冰洋海区表层水中的CFC皆处于不饱和状态,CFC-11的饱和度在66.1%～97.83%之间,CCl4的饱和度在65.40%～92.93%,CFC-113的饱和度在61.68～97.98%之间,这主要是由于海冰长期覆盖及低CFC的径流输入或太平洋水入侵导致的。白令海及南海南部海区的表层水的CFC则皆处于饱和或接近饱和状态。
2.加拿大海盆层化结构明显,根据CFC垂直断面图可明显地分为表层、次表层、中层及深层水团,采用pCFC-11定年法对各水团年龄估算的结果为次表层水团的年龄约为19a,中层水团的年龄约为27a,深层水团的年龄约为38a。采用pCCl4对次表层水团年龄估算的结果要比pCFC-11得到的结果稍大一些。另外,在加拿大海盆2000m深度,仍存在相当浓度的CFC,表明加拿大海盆深层水与周围水体存在交换与更新。
3.楚科奇海表层及20m深水的CFC、营养盐、DO数据分析表明Chinare2003在研究海区考察期间,20m以浅水体主要被阿拉斯加沿岸水及海冰融化水所占据。楚科奇海R断面的CFC、温盐等分布特征表明确有一支太平洋水经中央水道流入北冰洋,这一研究结果与Weingartiner等人及Woodgate等人的研究结果一致。白令海峡入口处BS06A、BS07A及BS09A三个站位的CFC及温盐数据分析表明,BS09A站位所在的水团为阿拉斯加沿岸水,而BS06A,BS07A站位附近海域很可能就是阿拉斯加沿岸水与白令陆坡水或阿纳德尔水三个水团之间交汇的地点。
4.楚科奇海台北部的P2断面在300～800m深度存在CFC极大值,表明在楚科奇海台北部至少存在北极边界流的一个分支。楚科奇海台南部的M07站位CFC的垂直分布显示,150～200m间CFC浓度差异较小,表明位于该深度范围内的大西洋水和太平洋水存在相互混合,由于太平洋水密度较小,不可能向下与
Chlorofluorocarbon chemical tracing is a useful tool to study the structure and their interplay of seawater masses. CFC was conventional survey items in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). In this paper, CFC are used as tracers to study the age of water masses and their movement in the Arctic,Bering Sea and the southern South China Sea. Main conclusions are obtained as follows:
1. The CFC data from the Arctic Ocean indicated that the CFC in surface water is in undersaturation, The degrees of saturation of CFC-11 in the surface water lies in the range of 70.54% to 84.70%, and that of CCl4 within 76.54% to 91.53%, CFC-113 within 61.68% to 97.98%, probably caused by local ice cover, runoff and the invasion of the Pacific water with low CFC concentration. Contrast to the Arctic, the saturation in the Bering Sea and the southern South Sea is in or near saturation.
2. The vertical distributions of CFC confirmed that the water masses in the Canada Basin were stratified. From the CFC section the water masses in the Canada Basin can be divided into surface water, subsurface water, intermediate water and deep water. The age of these water masses from the pCFC-11 are 19 years for subsurface water, 27 years for intermediate water, and 38 years for deep water. The age of the subsurface water mass from the pCCl4 is older than that from the pCFC-11. The significant concentration of CFC at the depth of 2000 m indicated that deep water in the Canada Basin was exchanged and replaced with the open seawater outside.
3. The distribution of the CFC, nutrients, DO showed that there are two water masses in the shallower 20m, ACW and ice-melted water. The R section distribution of CFC in the Chukchi Sea confirmed that there is an inflow of Pacific water into the Arctic through the Central Channel, consistent with the results of Weingartiner et al. and Woodgate et al. The CFC and T-S data from the stations of the Bering Sea indicate that the water mass at the station BS09A is the Alaskan Coast Water, and the BS06A, BS07A are in the mixing area of the Alaskan Coast Water, Bering Shelf Water and
引文
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