基于效能的卫生装备发展决策支持系统研究
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摘要
卫生装备是构成卫勤保障力的基本要素,是后勤装备的重要组成部分。卫生装备的发展战略,决定了一个国家在未来一段时期内,卫生装备发展的方向和基本要求。其决策是否得当将直接影响到卫勤力量的组成和作用的发挥,直接关系到装备研究成果和平战时卫勤保障的水平。
目前在卫生装备发展方向与重点研究中,尚没有较系统的辅助研究手段,大部分发展研究工作都是研究人员根据实际经验和成功的案例进行,已经不能满足卫生装备科学发展的需要。因此,通过本课题开展基于不适应度的卫生装备发展优先度研究,建立一个智能化的卫生装备发展决策平台,为领导机关制定相应政策、方针及发展方向提供决策支持,同时也为全军野战卫生装备论证中心提供一个决策平台。
主要研究内容及方法：
1、基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法研究
分析现有的武器装备战略研究方法的优缺点,确定开展基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法研究。构建基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法的实施步骤,进行战略环境分析研究,为卫生装备效能评估和发展战略的最终确定提供依据。
2、卫生装备发展决策支持系统理论研究
总结决策支持系统的产生背景及定义,分析其与管理信息系统的联系与区别,总结决策支持系统的构造和系统结构。在此基础上,确定卫生装备发展决策支持系统的基本概念、基本功能和主要特点。
3、卫生装备发展决策支持系统的结构设计
在对卫生装备发展决策支持系统的原始需求(包括功能性需求和非功能性需求)进行系统分析的基础上,对卫生装备发展决策支持系统的整体进行设计,包括对系统软件架构的设计、业务主流程界定、系统各个功能模块和子模块划分和设计、数据流的分析和数据库表及索引视图的设计,系统出错处理的设计等方面。
4、卫生装备效能评估研究
卫生装备效能评估主要包括单件装备的保障效能评估和卫生装备体系的卫勤保障效能评估。课题分析各种卫生装备效能评估方法的优缺点,根据卫生装备具体特点,研究卫生装备效能评估指标体系的构建、指标规范化方法,分别运用TOPSIS法和模糊模式识别的模糊综合法建立单件卫生装备效能评估模型,通过线性加权求和确定卫生装备体系的效能。
5、基于不适应度的卫生装备发展优先度研究
提出卫生装备不适度概念,基于不适应度,进行卫生装备发展优先度研究,包括运用最小方差法研究卫生装备体系的发展优先度；运用改进的模糊综合评估法,研究单件卫生装备的发展优先度；运用TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法研究卫生装备指标的发展优先度。
6、卫生装备发展决策支持系统的开发与测试
采用DELPHI软件作为开发工具,通过可视化编程,将决策支持系统中的数据库和模型库有机的结合起来,开发生成一个可交互、可扩展、便于快速计算的卫生装备发展决策支持系统。并通过数据测试找出效能评估模型和发展优先模型中的问题、发现系统中隐藏的问题,进而修正模型及系统。
总之,本课题采用改进的模糊综合法评估单件卫生装备的效能水平,分别运用最小方差法、改进的模糊综合评估法确定的效能值、TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法,进行了卫生装备体系、单件卫生装备、卫生装备效能指标的发展优先度研究。在此基础上,研究开发的卫生装备发展决策支持系统(MEDS),能为决策者提供不同的卫勤保障环境下,单件卫生装备效能、卫生装备体系效能、卫生装备体系发展优先度、单件卫生装备发展优先度、效能指标发展优先度等,并动态、形象地显示出来,依据决策者的决策需要,自动生成决策方案及报告,实现良好的人机对话界面。初步实现了卫生装备发展决策工作的智能化,为卫生装备发展方向与重点提供科学、有效的决策手段。
课题研究的创新点主要表现为：进行了基于效能的卫生装备发展战略研究方法,丰富了卫生装备发展论证研究理论；依据卫生装备卫勤保障效能特点,采用改进的模糊综合评估法评估卫生装备的效能水平；分别运用最小方差法、改进的模糊综合评估法、TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法,选取我军和美军卫生装备体系九种类别,共五十六种装备进行了卫生装备体系、单件卫生装备、卫生装备效能指标的发展优先度研究,为卫生装备发展决策提供科学的理论和依据；开发了卫生装备发展决策支持系统,为卫生装备决策人员提供一个智能化的辅助决策平台。
The Effectiveness-based Study on Decision Support System for Development of Medical Equipment
As one of the basic elements of support capabilities of medical service, Medical equipment is an important part of logistical equipment. The development strategy of medical equipment will affect the development direction and the basic requirements of medical equipment in some period of future. The development decision will directly influence the composition and role of medical service forces, thus influencing equipment research and support capabilities of medical service in peace time and wartime.
At present, the development direction and priority of medical equipment have no systematic research support means, so most work of the development research is processed by experience and successful cases of researchers, apparently the previous approach can not meet the needs of the scientific development of medical equipment. Therefore, this thesis has a study on development priority of medical equipment based on unfitness degree, and develops an intelligent decision-making platform for the development of medical equipment, which may provide decision support mean for appropriate policies, guidelines and development direction and a decision-making platform for Demonstration Center of Military Field Medical Equipment.
The main research contents and methods are as follows:
First, methodology for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness.The advantages and disadvantages of existing research methods for the development strategy of weapon equipment are analyzed, and then the method for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness is determined. The implementation steps of the method for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness are constructed then the research on strategic environmental analysis is carried out, which can provide references for effectiveness evaluation and development strategy of medical equipment.
Second, theories on the development decision support system of medical equipment.the background and definition of decision support system are summarized, then the connections and differences compared with the management information system are analyzed, thus the conformations and structures are summarized. The basic concepts, functions and main features of the development decision support system of medical equipment are determined, based on the above research.
Third, constructional design of the development decision support system of medical equipment Based on systematic analysis of primary functional and non-functional requirements of the development decision support system of medical equipment, the construction of the development decision support system of medical equipment is designed, which involves in software architecture design, main business flow definition, system functional modules and sub-module division and design, data flow analysis, database tables and indexes view design, and system error processing design, etc.
Forth, effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment, the effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment mostly includes support effectiveness evaluation of a single piece of medical equipment and medical support effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment system. The advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of effectiveness evaluation methods of medical equipment are analyzed, and the structure of medical equipment evaluation index system, the acquisition of weight of each index, and the method for normalization of each index are studied, according to specific characteristics of medical equipment. Then, the effectiveness evaluation model of single piece of medical equipment is established by using the method of TOPSIS and fuzzy comprehensive method based on fuzzy pattern recognition, thus the effectiveness value of medical equipment system is obtained by using the method of linear weighting addition.
Fifth, development priority of medical equipment based on unfitness degree, the concept of unfitness degree of medical equipment is proposed. Then, the development priority of medical equipment is studied involving the development priority of medical equipment system, by using the method of least square, the acquisition of effectiveness values by using the improved fuzzy method, the development priority of single piece of medical equipment, and the development priority of medical equipment indexes by using the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis.
Sixth, development and testing of the development decision support system of medical equipment. The development decision support system of medical equipment, being interactive, expansive and easy to quickly calculate, is developed by visual programming using Delphi software, perfectly combining data base with model base. Then a data test is carried out to identify the problems of the effectiveness evaluation model and the development priority model, and the hidden ones of the system, which helps modify the model and system.
In short, the effectiveness value of single piece of medical equipment is obtained by using the improved fuzzy method. The development priority of medical equipment system, single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes of medical equipment are respectively studied by using the method of least square, the improved fuzzy method and the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis. Based on the above research., the developed development decision support system of medical equipment can obtain the effectiveness values of single piece of medical equipment and medical equipment system, the development priority of medical equipment system, single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes, varying with different medical service support environments, and can demonstrate these in a dynamic and visual way. Furthermore, it also can provide decision makers with decision-making programs and reports, and achieve a good man-machine interface. So, this system makes initially the decision-making work intelligent, and may provide scientific and effective references for development direction and priority of medical equipment.
The main innovation points of this thesis are as follows:methods for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness are carried out, which enrich the theories of development demonstration of medical equipment; and the effectiveness values of medical equipment are obtained by using the improved fuzzy method according to support effectiveness characteristics of medical equipment; with the subjects of 9 categories of China and US army's medical equipment systems, a total of 56 kinds of equipments, the development priority of single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes are studied by using the method of least square, the improved fuzzy method and the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis respectively, which may provide references for development decision-making of medical equipment. The development decision support system of medical equipment is developed, providing an intelligent decision support platform for decision makers.
目前在卫生装备发展方向与重点研究中,尚没有较系统的辅助研究手段,大部分发展研究工作都是研究人员根据实际经验和成功的案例进行,已经不能满足卫生装备科学发展的需要。因此,通过本课题开展基于不适应度的卫生装备发展优先度研究,建立一个智能化的卫生装备发展决策平台,为领导机关制定相应政策、方针及发展方向提供决策支持,同时也为全军野战卫生装备论证中心提供一个决策平台。
主要研究内容及方法：
1、基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法研究
分析现有的武器装备战略研究方法的优缺点,确定开展基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法研究。构建基于效能的卫生装备发展战略方法的实施步骤,进行战略环境分析研究,为卫生装备效能评估和发展战略的最终确定提供依据。
2、卫生装备发展决策支持系统理论研究
总结决策支持系统的产生背景及定义,分析其与管理信息系统的联系与区别,总结决策支持系统的构造和系统结构。在此基础上,确定卫生装备发展决策支持系统的基本概念、基本功能和主要特点。
3、卫生装备发展决策支持系统的结构设计
在对卫生装备发展决策支持系统的原始需求(包括功能性需求和非功能性需求)进行系统分析的基础上,对卫生装备发展决策支持系统的整体进行设计,包括对系统软件架构的设计、业务主流程界定、系统各个功能模块和子模块划分和设计、数据流的分析和数据库表及索引视图的设计,系统出错处理的设计等方面。
4、卫生装备效能评估研究
卫生装备效能评估主要包括单件装备的保障效能评估和卫生装备体系的卫勤保障效能评估。课题分析各种卫生装备效能评估方法的优缺点,根据卫生装备具体特点,研究卫生装备效能评估指标体系的构建、指标规范化方法,分别运用TOPSIS法和模糊模式识别的模糊综合法建立单件卫生装备效能评估模型,通过线性加权求和确定卫生装备体系的效能。
5、基于不适应度的卫生装备发展优先度研究
提出卫生装备不适度概念,基于不适应度,进行卫生装备发展优先度研究,包括运用最小方差法研究卫生装备体系的发展优先度；运用改进的模糊综合评估法,研究单件卫生装备的发展优先度；运用TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法研究卫生装备指标的发展优先度。
6、卫生装备发展决策支持系统的开发与测试
采用DELPHI软件作为开发工具,通过可视化编程,将决策支持系统中的数据库和模型库有机的结合起来,开发生成一个可交互、可扩展、便于快速计算的卫生装备发展决策支持系统。并通过数据测试找出效能评估模型和发展优先模型中的问题、发现系统中隐藏的问题,进而修正模型及系统。
总之,本课题采用改进的模糊综合法评估单件卫生装备的效能水平,分别运用最小方差法、改进的模糊综合评估法确定的效能值、TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法,进行了卫生装备体系、单件卫生装备、卫生装备效能指标的发展优先度研究。在此基础上,研究开发的卫生装备发展决策支持系统(MEDS),能为决策者提供不同的卫勤保障环境下,单件卫生装备效能、卫生装备体系效能、卫生装备体系发展优先度、单件卫生装备发展优先度、效能指标发展优先度等,并动态、形象地显示出来,依据决策者的决策需要,自动生成决策方案及报告,实现良好的人机对话界面。初步实现了卫生装备发展决策工作的智能化,为卫生装备发展方向与重点提供科学、有效的决策手段。
课题研究的创新点主要表现为：进行了基于效能的卫生装备发展战略研究方法,丰富了卫生装备发展论证研究理论；依据卫生装备卫勤保障效能特点,采用改进的模糊综合评估法评估卫生装备的效能水平；分别运用最小方差法、改进的模糊综合评估法、TOPSIS和灰色关联分析相结合的方法,选取我军和美军卫生装备体系九种类别,共五十六种装备进行了卫生装备体系、单件卫生装备、卫生装备效能指标的发展优先度研究,为卫生装备发展决策提供科学的理论和依据；开发了卫生装备发展决策支持系统,为卫生装备决策人员提供一个智能化的辅助决策平台。
The Effectiveness-based Study on Decision Support System for Development of Medical Equipment
As one of the basic elements of support capabilities of medical service, Medical equipment is an important part of logistical equipment. The development strategy of medical equipment will affect the development direction and the basic requirements of medical equipment in some period of future. The development decision will directly influence the composition and role of medical service forces, thus influencing equipment research and support capabilities of medical service in peace time and wartime.
At present, the development direction and priority of medical equipment have no systematic research support means, so most work of the development research is processed by experience and successful cases of researchers, apparently the previous approach can not meet the needs of the scientific development of medical equipment. Therefore, this thesis has a study on development priority of medical equipment based on unfitness degree, and develops an intelligent decision-making platform for the development of medical equipment, which may provide decision support mean for appropriate policies, guidelines and development direction and a decision-making platform for Demonstration Center of Military Field Medical Equipment.
The main research contents and methods are as follows:
First, methodology for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness.The advantages and disadvantages of existing research methods for the development strategy of weapon equipment are analyzed, and then the method for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness is determined. The implementation steps of the method for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness are constructed then the research on strategic environmental analysis is carried out, which can provide references for effectiveness evaluation and development strategy of medical equipment.
Second, theories on the development decision support system of medical equipment.the background and definition of decision support system are summarized, then the connections and differences compared with the management information system are analyzed, thus the conformations and structures are summarized. The basic concepts, functions and main features of the development decision support system of medical equipment are determined, based on the above research.
Third, constructional design of the development decision support system of medical equipment Based on systematic analysis of primary functional and non-functional requirements of the development decision support system of medical equipment, the construction of the development decision support system of medical equipment is designed, which involves in software architecture design, main business flow definition, system functional modules and sub-module division and design, data flow analysis, database tables and indexes view design, and system error processing design, etc.
Forth, effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment, the effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment mostly includes support effectiveness evaluation of a single piece of medical equipment and medical support effectiveness evaluation of medical equipment system. The advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of effectiveness evaluation methods of medical equipment are analyzed, and the structure of medical equipment evaluation index system, the acquisition of weight of each index, and the method for normalization of each index are studied, according to specific characteristics of medical equipment. Then, the effectiveness evaluation model of single piece of medical equipment is established by using the method of TOPSIS and fuzzy comprehensive method based on fuzzy pattern recognition, thus the effectiveness value of medical equipment system is obtained by using the method of linear weighting addition.
Fifth, development priority of medical equipment based on unfitness degree, the concept of unfitness degree of medical equipment is proposed. Then, the development priority of medical equipment is studied involving the development priority of medical equipment system, by using the method of least square, the acquisition of effectiveness values by using the improved fuzzy method, the development priority of single piece of medical equipment, and the development priority of medical equipment indexes by using the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis.
Sixth, development and testing of the development decision support system of medical equipment. The development decision support system of medical equipment, being interactive, expansive and easy to quickly calculate, is developed by visual programming using Delphi software, perfectly combining data base with model base. Then a data test is carried out to identify the problems of the effectiveness evaluation model and the development priority model, and the hidden ones of the system, which helps modify the model and system.
In short, the effectiveness value of single piece of medical equipment is obtained by using the improved fuzzy method. The development priority of medical equipment system, single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes of medical equipment are respectively studied by using the method of least square, the improved fuzzy method and the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis. Based on the above research., the developed development decision support system of medical equipment can obtain the effectiveness values of single piece of medical equipment and medical equipment system, the development priority of medical equipment system, single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes, varying with different medical service support environments, and can demonstrate these in a dynamic and visual way. Furthermore, it also can provide decision makers with decision-making programs and reports, and achieve a good man-machine interface. So, this system makes initially the decision-making work intelligent, and may provide scientific and effective references for development direction and priority of medical equipment.
The main innovation points of this thesis are as follows:methods for development strategy of medical equipment based on effectiveness are carried out, which enrich the theories of development demonstration of medical equipment; and the effectiveness values of medical equipment are obtained by using the improved fuzzy method according to support effectiveness characteristics of medical equipment; with the subjects of 9 categories of China and US army's medical equipment systems, a total of 56 kinds of equipments, the development priority of single piece of medical equipment and the effectiveness indexes are studied by using the method of least square, the improved fuzzy method and the method of combining TOPSIS with grey correlation analysis respectively, which may provide references for development decision-making of medical equipment. The development decision support system of medical equipment is developed, providing an intelligent decision support platform for decision makers.
引文
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