北京都市型现代农业发展中利益主体及协同机制研究
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摘要
都市型现代农业作为现代农业的一部分,在全球范围内的实践发展和理论发展都备受关注,成为各国特大城市、现代化大都市农业发展的趋势和方向。20世纪80年代末我国北京、上海等城市开始尝试都市型现代农业的发展道路,目前这种发展途径已然成为了大城市农业发展的方向。北京都市型现代农业在“十一五”期间得到了初步的发展,取得了一定的成效。虽然北京都市型现代农业的发展水平在全国处于领先地位,但在现阶段,都市型现代农业发展中的各群体之间矛盾的出现阻碍了其发展的步伐。笔者从北京都市型现代农业发展中利益主体及其协同机制角度进行研究,试图建立都市型现代农业利益主体的一体化协同机制,以期解决利益主体之间的矛盾,实现都市型现代农业健康、有效、持续的发展。基于以上的背景和问题,本文采用质性研究和定量研究相结合的方法,具体分为如下几个部分：
(一)从背景和概念对文章的研究主体进行铺陈。第一章介绍都市型现代农业发展的背景、意义、方法等阐述了文章研究的必要性和可能性。第二章在国内外关于都市型现代农业及利益主体研究综述的基础上,找出了研究都市型现代农业发展中相关利益主体及协同机制这一突破点。第三章对都市型现代农业相关利益主体进行概念的界定,在此基础上将北京都市型现代农业的四个具体利益主体(涉农企业、政府、科研机构、农户)以及他们之间的利益失衡做了初步的解释,指出其无序性、非线性、多样性和联动性等利益失衡的特点。
(二)北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同的现状分析。这主要集中在第四章的质性分析,运用文本资料搜集、深度访谈以及问卷调查进行典型案例研究(以北京首都农业集团有限公司为例),得到了北京都市型现代农业四大利益主体的基本情况和利益关系现状。经过梳理和讨论,总结出四大利益主体两两相互之间的六种利益群体矛盾,得出企业和农民/农户之间的矛盾是最深、最亟待解决的问题。
(三)北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同的理论分析。第五章首先对涉农企业营业收入、农户收入、政府收入以及科研机构研究经费的演变过程进行协同度分析。在计算系统协同度和耦合度时发现利益主体处于协调发展中,但利益主体的整体协同度都远远低于1.0,协调水平不高。再通过合作博弈的角度,利用夏普里模型的分配公式,计算合作博弈各成员对联盟产出的贡献和理论收益分配,得出涉农企业、农民\农户、政府和科研机构的收益分配比例7.5：1.5：0：1,以及两个调整后的理论最优分配比例：只有涉农企业和农民\农户存在则5：1；只有涉农企业和科研机构存在为7.5：1。
(四)在以上研究的基础上分析现实和理论的差距,构建北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同水平的优化机制。在利益分配和协同机制矛盾问题解析基础上,从战略层面、管理层面以及业务层面为北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同水平的优化机制提供相应的对策建议。
Urban modern agriculture as part of the modern agriculture, the development of practice and theoretical development on a global scale are of concern, it becomes the trend and direction of agricultural development in megacities and modern metropolis around the world. China's Beijing, Shanghai and other cities in the late1980s began to try the path of development of urban modern agriculture, and the current approach to development has become the direction of agricultural development in large cities. Beijing's urban modern agriculture got preliminary development during the period of "Eleventh Five-Year", and achieved some success. Although the development level of Beijing's modern urban agriculture is in a leading position throughout the country, but at present, the emergence of contradictions between the various groups in the urban modern agriculture hindered the pace of its development. The author researches from stakeholders in the development of Beijing's modern urban agriculture and its coordination mechanism, trying to build a integrated synergy mechanism of stakeholder in urban modern agriculture, in order to solve the contradiction between the interest subjects, then to achieve healthy, effective and sustainable development of the modern agriculture. Based on the above background and problems, by both qualitative and quantitative methods, this article was divided into the following parts:
1. Introduced the background of the article and related concepts. The first chapter introduces the background, significance, methods, etc of the urban modern agriculture development, and expounds the necessity and possibility of the article studies. Chapter Ⅱ on the basis of the review of urban modern agriculture and stakeholders at home and abroad, find out the related interest subjects and its integrated synergy mechanism of urban modern agriculture as a breakthrough point. Chapter III defines the concept of related stakeholders in urban modern agriculture, then make a preliminary explanation of the four specific stakeholders (agriculture-related enterprises, government, research institutions, farmers) in Beijing urban modern agriculture and the imbalance of interests between them, pointing out that the disorder, nonlinear, diversity and co-movement are the correlation of interest imbalance.
2. Analysis of the status quo of Beijing urban modern agriculture stakeholder's synergy.
This mainly focused on qualitative analysis in the fourth chapter, using text data collecting, depth interview and questionnaire survey on typical case study(Beijing first farmer group for example), has got the basic situation of four interest subjects of Beijing's modern urban agriculture and the status quo of the interest relations. After carding and discussion, summed up six kinds of interest groups conflict among the four major stakeholders, reached the contradiction between enterprises and farmers/peasants is the deepest, the most pressing problems.
3. Theoretical analysis of interest subjects synergy in Beijing modern urban agriculture. Chapter5first analyses the collaborative degree of the evolution of agricultural enterprises operating income, farmers income, government revenue and research institution's research funding. When calculating the degree of synergy and coupling, we found interest subjects are in coordinated development, but the overall coordination of interests subject are far less than1.0, the coordination level is not high. Then through a cooperative game point of view, using Shapley model of distribution formula, computing each member's contribution to the alliance of output and income distribution theory in cooperative game, obtained the assignment proportion of income for agricultural enterprises and farmers, farmers, government and research institutions is:7.51.5:1:0.And two adjusted theory optimal allocation ratio, only the agriculture-related enterprises and farmers it is5:l;Only the agricultural enterprise and institutions it's7.5:1.
4.0n the basis of above research analyze the gap between theoretical and practical, then build the collaborative optimization mechanism of benefit main body in Beijing modern urban agriculture.Parsing contradictory of profit distribution and synergy mechanism, from the strategic level, management level and business level provide the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions.
(一)从背景和概念对文章的研究主体进行铺陈。第一章介绍都市型现代农业发展的背景、意义、方法等阐述了文章研究的必要性和可能性。第二章在国内外关于都市型现代农业及利益主体研究综述的基础上,找出了研究都市型现代农业发展中相关利益主体及协同机制这一突破点。第三章对都市型现代农业相关利益主体进行概念的界定,在此基础上将北京都市型现代农业的四个具体利益主体(涉农企业、政府、科研机构、农户)以及他们之间的利益失衡做了初步的解释,指出其无序性、非线性、多样性和联动性等利益失衡的特点。
(二)北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同的现状分析。这主要集中在第四章的质性分析,运用文本资料搜集、深度访谈以及问卷调查进行典型案例研究(以北京首都农业集团有限公司为例),得到了北京都市型现代农业四大利益主体的基本情况和利益关系现状。经过梳理和讨论,总结出四大利益主体两两相互之间的六种利益群体矛盾,得出企业和农民/农户之间的矛盾是最深、最亟待解决的问题。
(三)北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同的理论分析。第五章首先对涉农企业营业收入、农户收入、政府收入以及科研机构研究经费的演变过程进行协同度分析。在计算系统协同度和耦合度时发现利益主体处于协调发展中,但利益主体的整体协同度都远远低于1.0,协调水平不高。再通过合作博弈的角度,利用夏普里模型的分配公式,计算合作博弈各成员对联盟产出的贡献和理论收益分配,得出涉农企业、农民\农户、政府和科研机构的收益分配比例7.5：1.5：0：1,以及两个调整后的理论最优分配比例：只有涉农企业和农民\农户存在则5：1；只有涉农企业和科研机构存在为7.5：1。
(四)在以上研究的基础上分析现实和理论的差距,构建北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同水平的优化机制。在利益分配和协同机制矛盾问题解析基础上,从战略层面、管理层面以及业务层面为北京都市型现代农业利益主体协同水平的优化机制提供相应的对策建议。
Urban modern agriculture as part of the modern agriculture, the development of practice and theoretical development on a global scale are of concern, it becomes the trend and direction of agricultural development in megacities and modern metropolis around the world. China's Beijing, Shanghai and other cities in the late1980s began to try the path of development of urban modern agriculture, and the current approach to development has become the direction of agricultural development in large cities. Beijing's urban modern agriculture got preliminary development during the period of "Eleventh Five-Year", and achieved some success. Although the development level of Beijing's modern urban agriculture is in a leading position throughout the country, but at present, the emergence of contradictions between the various groups in the urban modern agriculture hindered the pace of its development. The author researches from stakeholders in the development of Beijing's modern urban agriculture and its coordination mechanism, trying to build a integrated synergy mechanism of stakeholder in urban modern agriculture, in order to solve the contradiction between the interest subjects, then to achieve healthy, effective and sustainable development of the modern agriculture. Based on the above background and problems, by both qualitative and quantitative methods, this article was divided into the following parts:
1. Introduced the background of the article and related concepts. The first chapter introduces the background, significance, methods, etc of the urban modern agriculture development, and expounds the necessity and possibility of the article studies. Chapter Ⅱ on the basis of the review of urban modern agriculture and stakeholders at home and abroad, find out the related interest subjects and its integrated synergy mechanism of urban modern agriculture as a breakthrough point. Chapter III defines the concept of related stakeholders in urban modern agriculture, then make a preliminary explanation of the four specific stakeholders (agriculture-related enterprises, government, research institutions, farmers) in Beijing urban modern agriculture and the imbalance of interests between them, pointing out that the disorder, nonlinear, diversity and co-movement are the correlation of interest imbalance.
2. Analysis of the status quo of Beijing urban modern agriculture stakeholder's synergy.
This mainly focused on qualitative analysis in the fourth chapter, using text data collecting, depth interview and questionnaire survey on typical case study(Beijing first farmer group for example), has got the basic situation of four interest subjects of Beijing's modern urban agriculture and the status quo of the interest relations. After carding and discussion, summed up six kinds of interest groups conflict among the four major stakeholders, reached the contradiction between enterprises and farmers/peasants is the deepest, the most pressing problems.
3. Theoretical analysis of interest subjects synergy in Beijing modern urban agriculture. Chapter5first analyses the collaborative degree of the evolution of agricultural enterprises operating income, farmers income, government revenue and research institution's research funding. When calculating the degree of synergy and coupling, we found interest subjects are in coordinated development, but the overall coordination of interests subject are far less than1.0, the coordination level is not high. Then through a cooperative game point of view, using Shapley model of distribution formula, computing each member's contribution to the alliance of output and income distribution theory in cooperative game, obtained the assignment proportion of income for agricultural enterprises and farmers, farmers, government and research institutions is:7.51.5:1:0.And two adjusted theory optimal allocation ratio, only the agriculture-related enterprises and farmers it is5:l;Only the agricultural enterprise and institutions it's7.5:1.
4.0n the basis of above research analyze the gap between theoretical and practical, then build the collaborative optimization mechanism of benefit main body in Beijing modern urban agriculture.Parsing contradictory of profit distribution and synergy mechanism, from the strategic level, management level and business level provide the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions.
引文
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