城市化加速推进中的农村土地冲突原因及规避机制研究
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摘要
城市化是人类社会经济发展的过程和结果,城市化水平体现一个国家经济和社会发展的程度,同时也是经济社会发展创新的载体。伴随着城市化的加速推进,以江西省为例,研究其城市化加速推进中农村土地冲突的诱发因子,并提出相应的规避政策建议具有着重要的理论和现实意义。
本文正是基于此种背景展开研究。首先,本文对农村土地冲突的概念、特点和分类进行了阐述,而后通过问卷调查和土地冲突案例资料收集,借助系统论的思想,分析了城市化加速推进中农村土地冲突来源的机理。结果表明,农民(生活事件、个性因素、和其他利益主体的矛盾)和社会环境(历史因素、制度因素、其他社会因素)以及其他因素(土地的稀缺、土地周围的交通状况等)是引发土地冲突的主要来源。
其次,采用层次分析法和聚类分析法揭示了城市化加速推进中江西省农村土地冲突的主要原因,发现农民与政府、农民生活事件、土地稀缺性、城市化征地是引发农村土地冲突的主要原因,农民与村委会、农民与房地产商、土地使用性、农民个性因素、土地质量、土地权属不清、土地承包、社会保障是次要原因,而土地周围的交通情况、土地的位置、政策因素、计划生育与土地承包挂钩、户籍变更、人口迁徙等则属于一般原因。
然后,在软件SPSS13.0的支持下,对选取的6个关键指标进行边际分析,计算结果发现总信访量与城市化征地、政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系；总信访量与土地稀缺性、权属不清呈立方曲线关系；城市征地信访量与政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系；城市征地信访量与权属不清呈立方曲线关系；其他信访量与城市化征地、政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系。
最后,根据以上对江西省农村土地冲突诱发因子的揭示,以及在该省城市化加速推进的目标要求下,从明确农地的产权制度→确定土地征用补偿制度→落实土地承包与流转→构建社会保障体系→促进失业农民就业的思路,提出了江西省城市化加速推进中的农村土地冲突的政策建议。
The urbanization is the result of economic development, the level of urbanization is an important degree manifests the development of economy and socialization.With the development of urbanization, rural land conflicts is getting worse. So the research of land conflict sources and policies shows an important significance.
At this background, First of all, we outlined the concept and characteristic and the type of land conflict. Then we collect the questionnaire survey and case of rural land conflicts which is aim to discover source of rural land conflict in Jiangxi province based on system theory at the process of urbanization. It shows that the main sources are the peasants (life events, personality factors, the contradictions of other interests), the environment of social (historical factors, institutional factors, and other social factors) and other factors (the land of scarcity, the conditions of transport around land).
Secondly, we use AHP and cluster analysis to research the main source. It shows that the main cause of rural land conflicts are farmers and the government, the life events of farmers, the land of scarcity and the land of urbanization. The secondary cause of rural land conflicts are farmers and the real estate, the use of land, the farmers of personality factors, the quality of land, the problem of land ownership, the contracts of land and the security of social. The general cause of rural land conflicts are the conditions of transport around land, the position of land, policy factors, the link of family planning and contracts of land, the change of household registration and the movements of population:
Thirdly, in the operational circumstances, we can get the marginal Eigen value from analysis six quantitative indications with the method of marginal analysis. It shows that it is a linear relationship between the total petitions and the land of urbanization, policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land. It is a cubic curve relationship between the total petitions and the land of scarcity, the problem of land ownership. It is a linear relationship between the land of urbanization and policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land. It is a cubic curve relationship between the land of urbanization and the problem of land ownership.it is a linear relationship between the others petitions and the land of urbanization, policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land.
Finally, based on analysis above, we propose the policy about the rural land conflicts at the background of the process of urbanization. These polices are that to clear the system of property rights of agricultural land, determine the system of compensation of urbanization land, carry out the system of land contract and transfer, build the system of social security, promote the employment rate for the peasants of unemployment etc.
本文正是基于此种背景展开研究。首先,本文对农村土地冲突的概念、特点和分类进行了阐述,而后通过问卷调查和土地冲突案例资料收集,借助系统论的思想,分析了城市化加速推进中农村土地冲突来源的机理。结果表明,农民(生活事件、个性因素、和其他利益主体的矛盾)和社会环境(历史因素、制度因素、其他社会因素)以及其他因素(土地的稀缺、土地周围的交通状况等)是引发土地冲突的主要来源。
其次,采用层次分析法和聚类分析法揭示了城市化加速推进中江西省农村土地冲突的主要原因,发现农民与政府、农民生活事件、土地稀缺性、城市化征地是引发农村土地冲突的主要原因,农民与村委会、农民与房地产商、土地使用性、农民个性因素、土地质量、土地权属不清、土地承包、社会保障是次要原因,而土地周围的交通情况、土地的位置、政策因素、计划生育与土地承包挂钩、户籍变更、人口迁徙等则属于一般原因。
然后,在软件SPSS13.0的支持下,对选取的6个关键指标进行边际分析,计算结果发现总信访量与城市化征地、政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系；总信访量与土地稀缺性、权属不清呈立方曲线关系；城市征地信访量与政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系；城市征地信访量与权属不清呈立方曲线关系；其他信访量与城市化征地、政策因素、农民与政府、交通呈线性关系。
最后,根据以上对江西省农村土地冲突诱发因子的揭示,以及在该省城市化加速推进的目标要求下,从明确农地的产权制度→确定土地征用补偿制度→落实土地承包与流转→构建社会保障体系→促进失业农民就业的思路,提出了江西省城市化加速推进中的农村土地冲突的政策建议。
The urbanization is the result of economic development, the level of urbanization is an important degree manifests the development of economy and socialization.With the development of urbanization, rural land conflicts is getting worse. So the research of land conflict sources and policies shows an important significance.
At this background, First of all, we outlined the concept and characteristic and the type of land conflict. Then we collect the questionnaire survey and case of rural land conflicts which is aim to discover source of rural land conflict in Jiangxi province based on system theory at the process of urbanization. It shows that the main sources are the peasants (life events, personality factors, the contradictions of other interests), the environment of social (historical factors, institutional factors, and other social factors) and other factors (the land of scarcity, the conditions of transport around land).
Secondly, we use AHP and cluster analysis to research the main source. It shows that the main cause of rural land conflicts are farmers and the government, the life events of farmers, the land of scarcity and the land of urbanization. The secondary cause of rural land conflicts are farmers and the real estate, the use of land, the farmers of personality factors, the quality of land, the problem of land ownership, the contracts of land and the security of social. The general cause of rural land conflicts are the conditions of transport around land, the position of land, policy factors, the link of family planning and contracts of land, the change of household registration and the movements of population:
Thirdly, in the operational circumstances, we can get the marginal Eigen value from analysis six quantitative indications with the method of marginal analysis. It shows that it is a linear relationship between the total petitions and the land of urbanization, policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land. It is a cubic curve relationship between the total petitions and the land of scarcity, the problem of land ownership. It is a linear relationship between the land of urbanization and policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land. It is a cubic curve relationship between the land of urbanization and the problem of land ownership.it is a linear relationship between the others petitions and the land of urbanization, policy factors, farmers and the government, the conditions of transport around land.
Finally, based on analysis above, we propose the policy about the rural land conflicts at the background of the process of urbanization. These polices are that to clear the system of property rights of agricultural land, determine the system of compensation of urbanization land, carry out the system of land contract and transfer, build the system of social security, promote the employment rate for the peasants of unemployment etc.
引文
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[2]Deininger K, Castagnini R.Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda[R]. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,2004.
[3]Deininger K, Castagnini R. Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior& Oganization,2006,60(2):321-345.
[4]Alston L J, Libecap G D and Mueller B. Land reform policies, the sources of violent conflict, and implications for deforestation in the in the Brazilian Amazon[J]. Journal Environmental Economics and Management,2000,39(2):162-188.
[5]Alston L J. A Framework for understanding institutional analysis in law and the social sciences[R]. Working Paper,2006.
[6]Urresta E. Report on research findings and policy recommendations for a legal framework for land dispute mediation[R]. Timor-Leste Land Law Program,2004.
[7]Daudelin J. Land and violence in post-conflict situations[R]. Report prepared for The North-South Institute and The World Bank,2003.
[8]Tir J.Domestic-Level Territorial Disputes:Conflict Management via Secessions[R].Conflict Management and Peace Science,2006,23(4):309-328.
[9]Campbell D J, Gichohi H, Albertmwangi, et al. Land use conflict in kajiadoDistrict, Kenya[J]. Land Use Policy,2000,17(2):337-348.
[10]Paterson D. Conflicts arising from management and use of customary land[C]. South Pacific Land Tenure Conflict sysmposim,2002.
[11]Andrew J.S. Potential application of mediation to land use conflicts in small scale mining[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2003,11:117-130.
[12]Ross M L. The paradox of plentyroil booms and petro-states[J].World Politics,1999,51(2):297-322.
[13]Billon L P.The political ecology of war:Natural resources and armed conflicts[J]. Political Geography,2001,20(5):561-584.
[14]Auty R, Resource abundance and economic development[M]. Oxford:Oxfoed University Press,2001.
[15]Thanakvaro T D L. Stakeholder management for conservation projects:a casestudy of Ream National Park, Cambodia[J]. Environmental management,2001,28(1):47-60.
[16]Owen L, Waynehoward and Waldron M. Conflicts over farming practices in Canada:the role of interactive conflict resolution approaches[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,2000,16:475-483.
[17]Mungai D.N., Ong C.K. and Kiteme B., et al. Lessons from two long-term hydrologicalstudies in Kenya and Sri Lanka[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2004,104:135-143.
[18]Amman H M and Duraiappah A K. Land Tenure and Conflict Resolution:A Game Theoretic Approach in the Narok District in Kenya[R]. Working Paper,No 37,2001.
[19]Boydell S. Modelling land Tenure conflict transformation[J]. South Pacific Land Tenure Conflict sysmposim,2002.
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