反馈谐振式激光能量传输理论及实验研究
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摘要
随着现代卫星技术的发展以及航天应用需求的增长，分离模块卫星系统（System F6）引起了越来越多研究者的兴趣。无线能量传输技术是分离模块卫星系统中的一项关键技术，其中激光能量传输具有传输距离远、设备体积重量小、能量密度高等特点，是一种重要的空间无线能量传输方式。
激光能量传输在分离模块卫星系统中采用“申请-应答”工作模式，由能源控制中心控制能量的分配与传输。在传统的激光能量传输中，通过刻蚀处理降低接收端光电池表面反射率是提高能量传输效率的重要手段之一，然而刻蚀处理不仅增大了光电池的成本，而且增加了装调和使用难度，太空中使用还容易升温。因此本文提出了一种反馈谐振式激光能量传输方法，将发射端和接收端组成一个激光谐振腔，接收端光电池表面反射的激光仍处于谐振腔内，来回振荡，在反馈回激光器后激发出更多光子，增大受激辐射比率，提高激光器的电-光转换效率，降低激光器的发热量。反馈谐振式激光能量传输要求接收端表面光滑，无需对光电池进行刻蚀处理，既可降低光电池的成本又可提高能量传输效率。
本文建立了反馈谐振式能量传输的理论模型，对反馈谐振式激光能量传输的效率进行了仿真。通过仿真发现，反馈谐振式能量传输将激光器的阈值电流降低了25%，当激光器驱动电流为30mA，接收模块反射率为10%时，传输的光功率提升了48%。
在实验室内使用半导体激光器和表面反射率为6%@940nm的硅光电池进行了激光能量传输实验，实验结果表明，反馈谐振式激光能量传输将能量传输总效率从4.7%提升到了6%。
反馈谐振式能量传输的关键在于将能量限制于谐振腔内，使接收端反射的激光尽量多的反馈回发射端。本文使用ZEMAX软件仿真了在远距离以及失调情况下球面部分反射镜和镀有部分反射膜的角锥棱镜的能量反馈率，仿真结果表明球面部分反射镜的能量反馈率大，然而抗失调性能差，适用于具有高精度姿控能力的模块间能量传输。镀有部分反射膜的角锥棱镜的能量反馈率低，但抗失调性能强，适用于姿控能量弱的模块间能量传输。
System F6attracted more and more interest of researchers with the developmentof satellite technology and aerospace applications growth. Wireless power transmission(WPT) is a key technology of System F6. Laser power transmission which can realizelong-range power transmission is an important method of WPT. It has small systemsand high power density and suitable for space WPT.
Laser power transmission is working as application-answer mode in System F6.Energy distribution and transmission are controlled by an energy control center. Intraditional laser power transmission, reducing reflection loss of light injected intophotocell by texturing is one of the most important ways to improve powertransmission efficiency. Nevertheless, this way will increase photocell cost anddifficulty of using and adjustment. It will also increase photocell temperature in space.This paper presents a laser power transmission method which can reuse reflection lossby laser feedback and improve laser power transmission efficiency. The main idea ofoptical feedback laser power transmission is forming a laser resonant cavity betweenthe power transmitter and the power receiver. All of the laser light including thereflection light is constrained in the cavity. The reflection light which is feedback intothe laser will excite more photons and improve efficiency of the laser. It will alsodecrease calorific of the laser.
A theoretical model of laser feedback power transmission is set up in this paper.The efficiency of laser feedback power transmission is simulated. By the simulationresult, the threshold current of the laser is reduced by25%with laser feedback powertransmission. The optical power is increased by48%at laser driving current of30mAand receiver reflection of10%.
A laser power transmission experiment has been done using a semiconductor laserand a Si photocell with reflection of6%@940nm. The experimental result shows thatthe efficiency of laser power transmission is improved from4.7%to6%with laserfeedback.
Constraining all of the laser beam in the laser resonant cavity is the key factor oflaser feedback power transmission and we hope more light can be feedback into the transmitter. The energy feedback rate of a spherical reflector and a cube-corner prismat a situation of long-distance and disorder is simulated by ZEMAX. The simulationresults show that, the spherical reflector has a high reflection rate but pooranti-disorder performance. It is suitable for laser power transmission with high attitudecontrol and orbit control ability. The cube-corner prism has lower reflection rate,however, strong anti-disorder performance. So it is suitable for satellite laser powertransmission with weak attitude control and orbit control ability.
激光能量传输在分离模块卫星系统中采用“申请-应答”工作模式，由能源控制中心控制能量的分配与传输。在传统的激光能量传输中，通过刻蚀处理降低接收端光电池表面反射率是提高能量传输效率的重要手段之一，然而刻蚀处理不仅增大了光电池的成本，而且增加了装调和使用难度，太空中使用还容易升温。因此本文提出了一种反馈谐振式激光能量传输方法，将发射端和接收端组成一个激光谐振腔，接收端光电池表面反射的激光仍处于谐振腔内，来回振荡，在反馈回激光器后激发出更多光子，增大受激辐射比率，提高激光器的电-光转换效率，降低激光器的发热量。反馈谐振式激光能量传输要求接收端表面光滑，无需对光电池进行刻蚀处理，既可降低光电池的成本又可提高能量传输效率。
本文建立了反馈谐振式能量传输的理论模型，对反馈谐振式激光能量传输的效率进行了仿真。通过仿真发现，反馈谐振式能量传输将激光器的阈值电流降低了25%，当激光器驱动电流为30mA，接收模块反射率为10%时，传输的光功率提升了48%。
在实验室内使用半导体激光器和表面反射率为6%@940nm的硅光电池进行了激光能量传输实验，实验结果表明，反馈谐振式激光能量传输将能量传输总效率从4.7%提升到了6%。
反馈谐振式能量传输的关键在于将能量限制于谐振腔内，使接收端反射的激光尽量多的反馈回发射端。本文使用ZEMAX软件仿真了在远距离以及失调情况下球面部分反射镜和镀有部分反射膜的角锥棱镜的能量反馈率，仿真结果表明球面部分反射镜的能量反馈率大，然而抗失调性能差，适用于具有高精度姿控能力的模块间能量传输。镀有部分反射膜的角锥棱镜的能量反馈率低，但抗失调性能强，适用于姿控能量弱的模块间能量传输。
System F6attracted more and more interest of researchers with the developmentof satellite technology and aerospace applications growth. Wireless power transmission(WPT) is a key technology of System F6. Laser power transmission which can realizelong-range power transmission is an important method of WPT. It has small systemsand high power density and suitable for space WPT.
Laser power transmission is working as application-answer mode in System F6.Energy distribution and transmission are controlled by an energy control center. Intraditional laser power transmission, reducing reflection loss of light injected intophotocell by texturing is one of the most important ways to improve powertransmission efficiency. Nevertheless, this way will increase photocell cost anddifficulty of using and adjustment. It will also increase photocell temperature in space.This paper presents a laser power transmission method which can reuse reflection lossby laser feedback and improve laser power transmission efficiency. The main idea ofoptical feedback laser power transmission is forming a laser resonant cavity betweenthe power transmitter and the power receiver. All of the laser light including thereflection light is constrained in the cavity. The reflection light which is feedback intothe laser will excite more photons and improve efficiency of the laser. It will alsodecrease calorific of the laser.
A theoretical model of laser feedback power transmission is set up in this paper.The efficiency of laser feedback power transmission is simulated. By the simulationresult, the threshold current of the laser is reduced by25%with laser feedback powertransmission. The optical power is increased by48%at laser driving current of30mAand receiver reflection of10%.
A laser power transmission experiment has been done using a semiconductor laserand a Si photocell with reflection of6%@940nm. The experimental result shows thatthe efficiency of laser power transmission is improved from4.7%to6%with laserfeedback.
Constraining all of the laser beam in the laser resonant cavity is the key factor oflaser feedback power transmission and we hope more light can be feedback into the transmitter. The energy feedback rate of a spherical reflector and a cube-corner prismat a situation of long-distance and disorder is simulated by ZEMAX. The simulationresults show that, the spherical reflector has a high reflection rate but pooranti-disorder performance. It is suitable for laser power transmission with high attitudecontrol and orbit control ability. The cube-corner prism has lower reflection rate,however, strong anti-disorder performance. So it is suitable for satellite laser powertransmission with weak attitude control and orbit control ability.
引文
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