激光束扫描方式对40Cr表面改性层组织性能的影响
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摘要
本文以正火态40Cr钢为基体,利用HL-1500无氦横流CO2激光加工机在基体表面形成激光束斜角度入射扫描改性层及大面积间距和交叉网格扫描的改性层,研究激光相变硬化改性层的组织、性能和工艺参数对组织性能的影响。研究结果表明:试样的横截面由表及里分为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体区;相变硬化区的组织为细小针状马氏体+残余奥氏体,过渡区的组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体+铁素体+碳化物,基体区保持原有组织不变。激光不同入射角度扫描时,随着入射角度的增加,改性层深度逐渐减小,显微硬度值和相对耐磨性也逐渐下降;当入射角度低于40°时,改性层表现出较高的硬度值及相对耐磨性,当入射角度高于40°时,改性层的硬度值及相对耐磨性下降幅度加剧,不利于表面改性,故当入射角度大于40°时激光表面改性效果不明显;改性层的维钝电流密度明显升高,钝化区间也有所减小。不同间距扫描时,间距12mm的试样平均硬度最高,为61.1HRC,耐磨性最好,是基体的2.9倍,耐盐腐蚀性能最好;间距16mm的试样耐酸腐蚀性能最好,其致钝电流密度和维钝电流密度最小,钝化区间为1200mV。交叉网格扫描时,改性层表面平均硬度达到59.6~60.7HRC,约为基体的2~3倍,相对耐磨性比基体提高1.6~1.9倍;耐酸腐蚀性能明显优于基体;当网格间距为12mm时其硬度、耐磨性和耐酸腐蚀性能最佳。
In this paper, with HL-1500 helium-free transverse flow CO2 laser processing machine,on normalized 40Cr steel substrate,modified layers are formed by laser beam obliquely incident scaning, large acreage and staggered mesh scanning. The microstructure and properties of modified layers by laser transformation hardening and the effects of process parameters on them were studied. Results indicate that the microstructure from the outside to the inside of samples is respectively phase hardened region, transition region and substrate region. The phase hardened region are fine acicular martensites and retained austenites, the transition region are tempered martensites, retained austenites, ferrites and carbides. The substrate region remains unchanged. When the laser incidents with different angle, the depth of hardened layer decreases with the increase of incident angle. The microhardness and wear resistance alse reduces accordingly. When the incident angle is below 40°, the microhardness and wear resistance are high, when over 40°, they decrease remarkably, so not good for surface modified, the maintaining passivity current density increases obviously and the passivation region minishes in some degree. Properties change as scaning space changes. When the scaning space is 12mm, the average hardness gets the highest, of which the value is 61.1HRC; the wear resistance is the best as 2.9 times as the substrate; the salt corrosion resistance is alse the best. When the scaning space is 16mm, the acid corrosion resistance gets the best with the smallest maintaining and critical passive current density and a passivation region, of which the value is 1200mV. When staggered mesh scaning, the average hardness reaches 59.6~60.7HRC, which is 2~3 times as the substrate; the wear resistance is 1.6~1.9 times more than the substrate; the acid corrosion resistance is obviously better than the substrate. When the staggered mesh space is 12mm, the wear and corrosion resistance is the best.
In this paper, with HL-1500 helium-free transverse flow CO2 laser processing machine,on normalized 40Cr steel substrate,modified layers are formed by laser beam obliquely incident scaning, large acreage and staggered mesh scanning. The microstructure and properties of modified layers by laser transformation hardening and the effects of process parameters on them were studied. Results indicate that the microstructure from the outside to the inside of samples is respectively phase hardened region, transition region and substrate region. The phase hardened region are fine acicular martensites and retained austenites, the transition region are tempered martensites, retained austenites, ferrites and carbides. The substrate region remains unchanged. When the laser incidents with different angle, the depth of hardened layer decreases with the increase of incident angle. The microhardness and wear resistance alse reduces accordingly. When the incident angle is below 40°, the microhardness and wear resistance are high, when over 40°, they decrease remarkably, so not good for surface modified, the maintaining passivity current density increases obviously and the passivation region minishes in some degree. Properties change as scaning space changes. When the scaning space is 12mm, the average hardness gets the highest, of which the value is 61.1HRC; the wear resistance is the best as 2.9 times as the substrate; the salt corrosion resistance is alse the best. When the scaning space is 16mm, the acid corrosion resistance gets the best with the smallest maintaining and critical passive current density and a passivation region, of which the value is 1200mV. When staggered mesh scaning, the average hardness reaches 59.6~60.7HRC, which is 2~3 times as the substrate; the wear resistance is 1.6~1.9 times more than the substrate; the acid corrosion resistance is obviously better than the substrate. When the staggered mesh space is 12mm, the wear and corrosion resistance is the best.
引文
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[18] Ritesh S. Lakhkar , Predictive modeling of multi-track laser hardening of AISI 4140 steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2008,480:209-217.
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[20]谢志余,潘钰娴.激光热处理相变机理及应用[J].机械制造与自动化,2003,(4):38-39.
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[33] Pantsar H, Kujanpaa V Diode laser beam absorption in laser transformation hardening of low alloy steel [J]. Journal of Laser Application ,2004,16(3):147-152.
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