海相碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探技术、方法及应用
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摘要
塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩复合体和北部斜坡带下奥陶统鹰山组风化壳岩溶的发育主要受沉积相、岩溶作用和构造破裂三大因素控制。塔中I号断裂坡折带沿走向地质结构的分段性控制了良里塔格组礁滩体东西发育的差异性。良里塔格组由下部的开阔陆棚相过渡为中上部的陆棚边缘相,发育3～4个准层序组。礁滩复合体由内带向外带迁移叠置,平面上具有大滩小礁,西滩东礁,以塔中62井区礁滩最为发育特征。储层纵向叠置,横向连片,主要集中在良二段;平面上储层沿台缘相带分布,具有分段性特征,中段以孔洞型储层为主,向两侧过渡为裂缝-孔洞型至裂缝型储层,由外带向内带、总体物性变差。
下奥陶统鹰山组风化壳岩溶发育程度主要受古地貌和构造破裂双重控制,储层具有多期岩溶叠置模式。岩溶成层分布,垂向分带性明显,以垂直渗流带和水平潜流带为主,岩溶深度达100-280m,平面上,以岩溶斜坡区储层最发育。
在储层主控因素指导下,利用首次建立的地质-地震一体化数据平台识别了串珠状强振幅反射、杂乱反射和弱反射三种储层地震响应并通过波动方程模拟正演,明确储层地质-地震模型。综合利用古地貌恢复,波形分类、井-震联合反演、频谱分解等方法开展岩溶储层分布预测;利用相干计算、应变量分析和叠前各向异性分析等技术进行叠后大尺度裂缝、构造成因裂缝和有效裂缝的分布预测;利用地震岩石物理参数分析,AVO属性分析和弹性阻抗反演等方法进行叠前地震储层与流体探索性预测研究。综合预测与评价塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩体有利区块面积为659km~2,资源量总计2770×108m~3;塔中北斜坡带下奥陶统风化壳有利区块面积1866km~2,资源量总计7580×108m~3。
利用海相碳酸盐岩地质-地震储层综合预测与评价技术在塔中地区提交的33口井位中,储层预测成功率高达90%,其中塔中82井获得塔里木盆地第一口千吨井并由此诞生了世界上第一个奥陶纪生物礁型超亿吨级大油气田;同时协助油田在塔中地区奥陶系累计上交三级储量近3.0×10~8t。塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩地质-地震储层综合预测与评价技术系列的完善与形成,对类似其他地区的碳酸盐岩储层预测与评价同样具用重要的借鉴作用。
Controls of sedimentary lithofacies,karstification,tectonic disruption factors in Upper Ordovician reef-bank complex of Tazhong NO.1 slope break and Lower Ordovician Yingshan formation weathering crust.It is developed reef-bank complex of Upper Ordovician Lianglitage formation along Tazhong NO.1 slope break, in which centralized at Liang 2 segment and it moved from inner belt to outer belt.The most developed reef-bank is Tazhong 62 well zone.The double control of palaeogeomorphology and tectonic disruption,it is mostly vertical vadose and lateral underflow zone which the thickness of crust is total account to 100-280m.It has characteristic of zonation with the most developed zone at crust slope zone.
By means of geology-seismic comprehensive workbench according to different main factors,it can not only recognize three seismic response:moniliform strong amplitude,chaotic reflection and weak reflection,but also make it clear reservoir geology-seismic model applying wave equation forwarding equation;It is also applied the technology of palaeogeomorphology recovery, waveform analysis,well-seismic joint inversion, frequency spectrum to predict karst landform,favourable facies belt,the distribution characteristic of karst By means of coherence enhancement, dependent variable analysis, numerical simulation, prestack nonisotropy analysis to predict genesis fracture and distribution of fracture.It is performed the technology of seismic petrophysical parameter analysis, elastic impedance inversion,AVO attribute analysis to study prestack reservoir The result is shown that the favorable area of reef-bank body are 659km~2 in Tazhong NO.1 slope break of Upper Ordovicion reef-bank complex. The quantity of resources are 2770×108m~3.The favorable area of crust are 1866km~2, The quantity of resources are 7580×108m~3 in weathering crust karst reservoir of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong Area.
From 2004 to 2008,it is submitted 83 wells location applying geology-seismic comprehensive prediction technology to help the oilfeiled.In it 33 wellls are accepted,one of 13 wells are gained high production stream ,especially Tz82 ,in which it becomes the first thousand ton wells.After then it is born a hundred million tons Ordovician organic reef oilfield.Turning over to the higher authorities three-levels reservoirs are 3.0×10~8m~3t.The reservoir and drillings coincidence rate is over 90% which proved its effective.So it buit up the technology system of geology-seismic comprehensive prediction,and the same time, it guided the similar area for carbonate rock reservoir prediction and evaluation.
下奥陶统鹰山组风化壳岩溶发育程度主要受古地貌和构造破裂双重控制,储层具有多期岩溶叠置模式。岩溶成层分布,垂向分带性明显,以垂直渗流带和水平潜流带为主,岩溶深度达100-280m,平面上,以岩溶斜坡区储层最发育。
在储层主控因素指导下,利用首次建立的地质-地震一体化数据平台识别了串珠状强振幅反射、杂乱反射和弱反射三种储层地震响应并通过波动方程模拟正演,明确储层地质-地震模型。综合利用古地貌恢复,波形分类、井-震联合反演、频谱分解等方法开展岩溶储层分布预测;利用相干计算、应变量分析和叠前各向异性分析等技术进行叠后大尺度裂缝、构造成因裂缝和有效裂缝的分布预测;利用地震岩石物理参数分析,AVO属性分析和弹性阻抗反演等方法进行叠前地震储层与流体探索性预测研究。综合预测与评价塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩体有利区块面积为659km~2,资源量总计2770×108m~3;塔中北斜坡带下奥陶统风化壳有利区块面积1866km~2,资源量总计7580×108m~3。
利用海相碳酸盐岩地质-地震储层综合预测与评价技术在塔中地区提交的33口井位中,储层预测成功率高达90%,其中塔中82井获得塔里木盆地第一口千吨井并由此诞生了世界上第一个奥陶纪生物礁型超亿吨级大油气田;同时协助油田在塔中地区奥陶系累计上交三级储量近3.0×10~8t。塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩地质-地震储层综合预测与评价技术系列的完善与形成,对类似其他地区的碳酸盐岩储层预测与评价同样具用重要的借鉴作用。
Controls of sedimentary lithofacies,karstification,tectonic disruption factors in Upper Ordovician reef-bank complex of Tazhong NO.1 slope break and Lower Ordovician Yingshan formation weathering crust.It is developed reef-bank complex of Upper Ordovician Lianglitage formation along Tazhong NO.1 slope break, in which centralized at Liang 2 segment and it moved from inner belt to outer belt.The most developed reef-bank is Tazhong 62 well zone.The double control of palaeogeomorphology and tectonic disruption,it is mostly vertical vadose and lateral underflow zone which the thickness of crust is total account to 100-280m.It has characteristic of zonation with the most developed zone at crust slope zone.
By means of geology-seismic comprehensive workbench according to different main factors,it can not only recognize three seismic response:moniliform strong amplitude,chaotic reflection and weak reflection,but also make it clear reservoir geology-seismic model applying wave equation forwarding equation;It is also applied the technology of palaeogeomorphology recovery, waveform analysis,well-seismic joint inversion, frequency spectrum to predict karst landform,favourable facies belt,the distribution characteristic of karst By means of coherence enhancement, dependent variable analysis, numerical simulation, prestack nonisotropy analysis to predict genesis fracture and distribution of fracture.It is performed the technology of seismic petrophysical parameter analysis, elastic impedance inversion,AVO attribute analysis to study prestack reservoir The result is shown that the favorable area of reef-bank body are 659km~2 in Tazhong NO.1 slope break of Upper Ordovicion reef-bank complex. The quantity of resources are 2770×108m~3.The favorable area of crust are 1866km~2, The quantity of resources are 7580×108m~3 in weathering crust karst reservoir of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong Area.
From 2004 to 2008,it is submitted 83 wells location applying geology-seismic comprehensive prediction technology to help the oilfeiled.In it 33 wellls are accepted,one of 13 wells are gained high production stream ,especially Tz82 ,in which it becomes the first thousand ton wells.After then it is born a hundred million tons Ordovician organic reef oilfield.Turning over to the higher authorities three-levels reservoirs are 3.0×10~8m~3t.The reservoir and drillings coincidence rate is over 90% which proved its effective.So it buit up the technology system of geology-seismic comprehensive prediction,and the same time, it guided the similar area for carbonate rock reservoir prediction and evaluation.
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