国际贸易技术溢出效应促进经济增长机制研究
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摘要
一个世纪以来,伴随着人类文明的加速发展,世界经济的增长也取得了前所未有的成就。当我们观察推动全球经济增长的要素投入变化时,不难发现知识的增长所带来的技术进步是世界经济长期增长的核心推动力。各国的技术进步不但是来自于本国对技术研究与开发的持续投入而带来的研发资本存量增加所推动,而且也是通过国际贸易等活动所带来的技术溢出效应而形成的对外国先进科学技术的模仿、消化和吸收所推动。在世界经济一体化蓬勃发展的当今世界,完全依靠本国的技术创新去推动经济增长不但资金和时间成本巨大而且重复研究与开发国外已有的技术也是对资源的浪费。
国际贸易是国家间技术转移和扩散的重要渠道,通过国际贸易而产生的技术溢出对一国的技术进步意义重大,尤其是对资本存量较少,科学技术水平较低的发展中国家。国际贸易可以把国外的先进技术、知识和产品带到国内,不但国内的进出口相关部门可以直接进行模仿和吸收以提高技术水平受益于技术外溢,而且国内与进出口部门相联系的非进出口部门也会因传导作用间接提升自身的科技水平缩短与发达国家的技术差距。技术进步带来了全要素生产率的提高,促进了经济增长。
改革开放30年来,我国国内生产总值(GDP)增长了18倍,国际贸易量也跃居世界第三位。但由于我国的科学技术水平较低和对外贸易依然是以加工贸易为主,国际贸易的技术溢出效应在推动我国技术进步提高全要素生产率促进经济增长中作用还没有被充分发挥。这与我们对国际贸易的技术溢出机制在推动技术进步促进经济增长的作用认识不足有关。本文就国际贸易、技术溢出和经济增长三者的关系进行了详尽的分析,并结合我国的客观实际做了深入的研究,力求解释和说明我国的对外贸易通过技术溢出机制促进了经济增长,有助于加深对技术溢出在促进经济增长中作用的认识。
本文由以下五部分构成:
第一部分,介绍论文的背景和意义,说明论文选题和研究的意义,从两个方面综述国外和国内关于国际贸易产生技术溢出推动技术进步促进经济增长相关研究文献,一方面是关于进口贸易带来技术外溢促进经济增长的研究文献,另一方面是关于出口贸易带来技术外溢促进经济增长的研究文献,并做了小结;阐述本文的研究思路、研究方法、研究内容和研究框架以及论文的创新点。
第二部分,先从经济思想史上介绍一些代表人物有关国际贸易促进经济增长的思想,在此基础上对其思想和方法进行了较为全面的梳理,包括国际贸易,技术溢出效应和经济增长关系的理论和实证研究综述。
第三部分,用五节对国际贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的理论进行了分析。前三节贯穿了这样一条逻辑发展线索:国际贸易产生技术外溢,技术外溢推动技术进步,技术进步促进经济增长。在论述技术外溢推动技术进步时,本文不但从出口国的角度研究国际贸易技术外溢效应对技术进步的影响而且也从进口国的角度研究了国际贸易技术外溢效应对技术进步的影响;后二节分析了国际贸易技术溢出的渠道,包括资本品、中间品的进口、出口和国际技术贸易;国际贸易技术溢出渠道的影响因素。
第四部分是对外贸易、技术溢出和经济增长关系的实证分析。首先,对我国对外贸易促进经济增长进行实证分析;得到肯定的结果后,再对外贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的机制进行实证分析,包括出口贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的实证分析和进口贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的实证分析。
第五部分根据理论分析和实证分析得出主要结论:我国对外贸易产生技术溢出推动了国内的技术进步,从而促进了经济增长。最后给出了政策建议。
With the accelerated development of human civilization within a century, the dramatic progress of the world economy has been achieved. When we look-in the changes of factors which were devoted into the world economic growth, it is no hard finding out the increasing knowledge which brought the technical progress is the key contributor to the world economic growth. The technical progress in every country is not only brought by the sustained capital investments which build up capital stock in research and development by its government, but also by the imitation, digestion and absorption to the foreign advanced science and technology. In modern society, world economy is integrating,one country’s economic growth is droved fully by its technical innovation that is not only a time-consuming work but also a waste of resource for repeating research and development on these foreign technologies in existence.
International trade is an important channel for technology transfer and spill-over, the technical spill-over through international trade has a significant impact on one nation’s technical progress, especially to these developing countries with limited capital stock and lower level technology. International trade can bring in advanced foreign technology, knowledge and products, which benefits not only the import and export related industries which imitate and absorb directly to upgrade one nation’s technology, but also the non import and export related industries which imitate and absorb indirectly to shorten technical difference to the technology advanced nations. The progress of technology can bring the growth of total factor productivity to promote economic growth.
Thirty years after the reform and open police was launched, the Gross Domestic Product in our country has increased 18 times, and the value of foreign trade has been ranked number 3 in the world in the same time. Since the level of our nation’s technology is low and processed trade plays a key role in foreign trade, the spill-over effect in foreign trade has been exerted insufficiently in promoting our technology to boost total factor productivity for the growth of economy. The reason for that is that we fail to have a fully understanding for the effects of technology spill-over in promoting our technology to boost total factor productivity for the growth of economy. This thesis, which focuses on the exhaustive analysis in the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth, and in-depth research based on our nation’s reality, is strived for explaining the technology spill-over in our foreign trade promotes economic growth and is helpful to have a in-depth understanding for the effects of technology spill-over in promoting economic growth.
The thesis is divided into five sections. At first, the background and meaning for this thesis is introduced, and then the related researches and documents for the effects of technology spill-over in foreign trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth within the world was summarized in two parts followed by a summary: one based on the effects of technology spill-over import trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth and the other one based on the effects of technology spill-over in export trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth. At last, this author’s thoughts and research method, contents, structures and innovation for this thesis are presented. In the second section, following the method which is used in The History of Economic Thoughts—introducing the leading figures first and then their thoughts, the theories and researches on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth are fully sorted out which include the theories on the theories on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth, the empirical researches on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth. The theoretical analysis on the effects of technology spill-over in international trade can promote economic growth is presented in section three by five parts. In the fist three parts, the logic is international trade brings technology spill-over, and the technology spill-over boosts the progress of technology, finally the progress of technology promotes economic growth. For explaining the reason for the technology spill-over boosts the progress of technology, both the import and export trade are considered. In the last two parts, the author analyses the channel for the technology spill-over by quoting capital goods, intermediated goods, export goods and international technology trade and the influencing factors for these channels. For the fourth section, the relationship of international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth is empirically studied. After the positive result is brought by the empirical study on the relationship between international trade and economic growth, the empirical study on the relationship between export trade, technology spill-over and economic growth and the empirical study on the relationship between import trade, technology spill-over and economic growth are carried on. In the final section, the major conclusion is conducted upon the previous theoretical and empirical studies; the effects of technology spill-over in international trade do boost technical progress and promote economic growth finally. Suggestions based on the result of previous theoretical and empirical studies are listed in the final part of this thesis.
国际贸易是国家间技术转移和扩散的重要渠道,通过国际贸易而产生的技术溢出对一国的技术进步意义重大,尤其是对资本存量较少,科学技术水平较低的发展中国家。国际贸易可以把国外的先进技术、知识和产品带到国内,不但国内的进出口相关部门可以直接进行模仿和吸收以提高技术水平受益于技术外溢,而且国内与进出口部门相联系的非进出口部门也会因传导作用间接提升自身的科技水平缩短与发达国家的技术差距。技术进步带来了全要素生产率的提高,促进了经济增长。
改革开放30年来,我国国内生产总值(GDP)增长了18倍,国际贸易量也跃居世界第三位。但由于我国的科学技术水平较低和对外贸易依然是以加工贸易为主,国际贸易的技术溢出效应在推动我国技术进步提高全要素生产率促进经济增长中作用还没有被充分发挥。这与我们对国际贸易的技术溢出机制在推动技术进步促进经济增长的作用认识不足有关。本文就国际贸易、技术溢出和经济增长三者的关系进行了详尽的分析,并结合我国的客观实际做了深入的研究,力求解释和说明我国的对外贸易通过技术溢出机制促进了经济增长,有助于加深对技术溢出在促进经济增长中作用的认识。
本文由以下五部分构成:
第一部分,介绍论文的背景和意义,说明论文选题和研究的意义,从两个方面综述国外和国内关于国际贸易产生技术溢出推动技术进步促进经济增长相关研究文献,一方面是关于进口贸易带来技术外溢促进经济增长的研究文献,另一方面是关于出口贸易带来技术外溢促进经济增长的研究文献,并做了小结;阐述本文的研究思路、研究方法、研究内容和研究框架以及论文的创新点。
第二部分,先从经济思想史上介绍一些代表人物有关国际贸易促进经济增长的思想,在此基础上对其思想和方法进行了较为全面的梳理,包括国际贸易,技术溢出效应和经济增长关系的理论和实证研究综述。
第三部分,用五节对国际贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的理论进行了分析。前三节贯穿了这样一条逻辑发展线索:国际贸易产生技术外溢,技术外溢推动技术进步,技术进步促进经济增长。在论述技术外溢推动技术进步时,本文不但从出口国的角度研究国际贸易技术外溢效应对技术进步的影响而且也从进口国的角度研究了国际贸易技术外溢效应对技术进步的影响;后二节分析了国际贸易技术溢出的渠道,包括资本品、中间品的进口、出口和国际技术贸易;国际贸易技术溢出渠道的影响因素。
第四部分是对外贸易、技术溢出和经济增长关系的实证分析。首先,对我国对外贸易促进经济增长进行实证分析;得到肯定的结果后,再对外贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的机制进行实证分析,包括出口贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的实证分析和进口贸易通过技术溢出促进经济增长的实证分析。
第五部分根据理论分析和实证分析得出主要结论:我国对外贸易产生技术溢出推动了国内的技术进步,从而促进了经济增长。最后给出了政策建议。
With the accelerated development of human civilization within a century, the dramatic progress of the world economy has been achieved. When we look-in the changes of factors which were devoted into the world economic growth, it is no hard finding out the increasing knowledge which brought the technical progress is the key contributor to the world economic growth. The technical progress in every country is not only brought by the sustained capital investments which build up capital stock in research and development by its government, but also by the imitation, digestion and absorption to the foreign advanced science and technology. In modern society, world economy is integrating,one country’s economic growth is droved fully by its technical innovation that is not only a time-consuming work but also a waste of resource for repeating research and development on these foreign technologies in existence.
International trade is an important channel for technology transfer and spill-over, the technical spill-over through international trade has a significant impact on one nation’s technical progress, especially to these developing countries with limited capital stock and lower level technology. International trade can bring in advanced foreign technology, knowledge and products, which benefits not only the import and export related industries which imitate and absorb directly to upgrade one nation’s technology, but also the non import and export related industries which imitate and absorb indirectly to shorten technical difference to the technology advanced nations. The progress of technology can bring the growth of total factor productivity to promote economic growth.
Thirty years after the reform and open police was launched, the Gross Domestic Product in our country has increased 18 times, and the value of foreign trade has been ranked number 3 in the world in the same time. Since the level of our nation’s technology is low and processed trade plays a key role in foreign trade, the spill-over effect in foreign trade has been exerted insufficiently in promoting our technology to boost total factor productivity for the growth of economy. The reason for that is that we fail to have a fully understanding for the effects of technology spill-over in promoting our technology to boost total factor productivity for the growth of economy. This thesis, which focuses on the exhaustive analysis in the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth, and in-depth research based on our nation’s reality, is strived for explaining the technology spill-over in our foreign trade promotes economic growth and is helpful to have a in-depth understanding for the effects of technology spill-over in promoting economic growth.
The thesis is divided into five sections. At first, the background and meaning for this thesis is introduced, and then the related researches and documents for the effects of technology spill-over in foreign trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth within the world was summarized in two parts followed by a summary: one based on the effects of technology spill-over import trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth and the other one based on the effects of technology spill-over in export trade can boost the progress of technology to promote economic growth. At last, this author’s thoughts and research method, contents, structures and innovation for this thesis are presented. In the second section, following the method which is used in The History of Economic Thoughts—introducing the leading figures first and then their thoughts, the theories and researches on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth are fully sorted out which include the theories on the theories on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth, the empirical researches on the relationship between international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth. The theoretical analysis on the effects of technology spill-over in international trade can promote economic growth is presented in section three by five parts. In the fist three parts, the logic is international trade brings technology spill-over, and the technology spill-over boosts the progress of technology, finally the progress of technology promotes economic growth. For explaining the reason for the technology spill-over boosts the progress of technology, both the import and export trade are considered. In the last two parts, the author analyses the channel for the technology spill-over by quoting capital goods, intermediated goods, export goods and international technology trade and the influencing factors for these channels. For the fourth section, the relationship of international trade, technology spill-over and economic growth is empirically studied. After the positive result is brought by the empirical study on the relationship between international trade and economic growth, the empirical study on the relationship between export trade, technology spill-over and economic growth and the empirical study on the relationship between import trade, technology spill-over and economic growth are carried on. In the final section, the major conclusion is conducted upon the previous theoretical and empirical studies; the effects of technology spill-over in international trade do boost technical progress and promote economic growth finally. Suggestions based on the result of previous theoretical and empirical studies are listed in the final part of this thesis.
引文
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