非并网风电直供系统方案设计及控制策略研究
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摘要
海水淡化、石油开采等地质工程中的提水机、高压泵和抽油机等设备需要消耗大量电力,是阻碍其节能减排、提高效率的主要瓶颈。利用风电、太阳能等可再生能源能够得到清洁高效的绿色电力,是解决地质工程供电的新途径。
由于风电并网带来的稳定问题至今未获得根本性解决,人们提出了微电网理论、非并网风电理论,将风电与电网的联系断开,从源头上避免风电并网的问题。结合电力市场中的电力大用户直供理论,本文提出了非并网风电直供系统理论,核心思想是风电场发出的电力不经过电网,直接供给海水淡化、石油开采等大负荷,解决风电并网问题。本文的主要内容和研究成果如下:
1.提出了非并网风电直供系统整套设计方案。
以确保非并网风电供电可靠性及非并网风电利用率最大化为系统设计和运行目标,提出了由风电场、混合直流输电系统、储能装置和由固态开关切换的分组负荷组成非并网风电直供系统;采用混合直流输电系统,兼顾了电流源换流器的低成本和电压源换流器的电压控制和可向无源负荷供电的能力;采用超级电容器和蓄电池并联的储能装置设计方案;研究了储能装置与风电利用率之间的关系,指出了储能装置容量和功率参数优化的必要性;提出了基于导向进化的遗传算法以优化储能装置参数。仿真分析验证了其正确性。
2.提出了非并网风电直供系统的控制策略。
通过与微网、电网控制相比较,提出非并网风电直供系统控制的主要对象是储能装置和负荷的观点。基于此观点提出了有功控制与无功控制物理解耦的控制策略。无功控制由电压源换流器控制实现;有功控制则由储能装置和负荷控制实现。有功控制采用三级调频控制策略,即根据风电短期预测预先设计负荷曲线的预测调频控制,采用储能装置平抑风电快速波动的储能调频控制,以及根据风电超短期预测和储能装置充电状态的优化调频控制。仿真分析验证了该控制策略的可行性。
3.提出了小波变换和模糊逻辑推理相结合的方法,对非并网风电的暂态电能质量扰动进行分类,仿真分析结果表明该方法简单直观、分类准确率高,为解决非并网风电直供系统的电能质量问题打下了基础。
4.介绍了非并网风电直供海水淡化实验室系统的实例。实验室系统运行结果表明了本文所提出理论的正确性和可行性。
In geological engineering such as sea water desalinization and oil production, water raiser, high pressure pump and oil sucking machine, etc. consume large amount electric power, which is the main bottleneck of energy conservation and emission reduction for these engineering. Renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy is a new solution for geological engineering power supply, which is clean, highly efficient and green.
Because the stability problem brought by grid-connected wind power has not been solved fundamentally yet, micro-grid theory and non-grid-connected wind power theory have been put forward, which cut off the connection of wind power and grid. Combined with large consumer direct supply theory for power market, this paper proposed the non-grid-connected wind power direct supply (NWPDS) theory. The core is wind power is directly send to the heavy loads such as sea water desalinization and oil production, without grid transformation. The main content and research achievement are as follows:
I. Proposed the whole design solution of NWPDS system.
The NWPDS system is composed of wind farm, hybrid DC transformation, energy saving device and grouped load controlled by solid switch, whose design and operation target is to ensure supply reliability and maximum utilization of wind power. The hybrid DC transformation system combined the low cost of current source converter (CSV), the voltage control ability and supply ability to passive load of voltage source converter (VSC). Energy saving device is attained by parrelled super capacitor and battery. The relationship between energy saving device and wind power utilization is studied and the optimization necessity of energy saving device capacity and power rating is pointed out. The genetic algorithm based on oriented evolution is proposed to optimize the energy saving device parameters. The simulation results verified its correctness.
II. Proposed the control strategy of NWPDS system.
Compared with micro-grid and grid control, the opinion that the main control objects in NWPDS system are energy saving device and load is proposed. Based on this opinion, the control strategy of the active power and reactive power decoupled in physical is proposed. The reactive power control is realized by VSC, and the active power control is realized by energy saving device and load control. In active power control, three-level frequency control is proposed, including prediction control based on wind power prediction and pre-set load curve, energy saving control for rapid wind power fluctuation and load control. Simulation verified the validity of the control strategy.
III. Power quality of non-grid-connected wind power is analyzed also. Aiming transient power quality disturbance classification problem, the method combined wavelet transformation and fuzzy logic was proposed. Simulation result identified that this intuitive method is of high accuracy, which is basic for solving NWPDS power quality problem.
IV. A lab system of NWPDS sea water desalinization was introduced. The running results verified the correctness and validity of the theory proposed in this paper.
由于风电并网带来的稳定问题至今未获得根本性解决,人们提出了微电网理论、非并网风电理论,将风电与电网的联系断开,从源头上避免风电并网的问题。结合电力市场中的电力大用户直供理论,本文提出了非并网风电直供系统理论,核心思想是风电场发出的电力不经过电网,直接供给海水淡化、石油开采等大负荷,解决风电并网问题。本文的主要内容和研究成果如下:
1.提出了非并网风电直供系统整套设计方案。
以确保非并网风电供电可靠性及非并网风电利用率最大化为系统设计和运行目标,提出了由风电场、混合直流输电系统、储能装置和由固态开关切换的分组负荷组成非并网风电直供系统;采用混合直流输电系统,兼顾了电流源换流器的低成本和电压源换流器的电压控制和可向无源负荷供电的能力;采用超级电容器和蓄电池并联的储能装置设计方案;研究了储能装置与风电利用率之间的关系,指出了储能装置容量和功率参数优化的必要性;提出了基于导向进化的遗传算法以优化储能装置参数。仿真分析验证了其正确性。
2.提出了非并网风电直供系统的控制策略。
通过与微网、电网控制相比较,提出非并网风电直供系统控制的主要对象是储能装置和负荷的观点。基于此观点提出了有功控制与无功控制物理解耦的控制策略。无功控制由电压源换流器控制实现;有功控制则由储能装置和负荷控制实现。有功控制采用三级调频控制策略,即根据风电短期预测预先设计负荷曲线的预测调频控制,采用储能装置平抑风电快速波动的储能调频控制,以及根据风电超短期预测和储能装置充电状态的优化调频控制。仿真分析验证了该控制策略的可行性。
3.提出了小波变换和模糊逻辑推理相结合的方法,对非并网风电的暂态电能质量扰动进行分类,仿真分析结果表明该方法简单直观、分类准确率高,为解决非并网风电直供系统的电能质量问题打下了基础。
4.介绍了非并网风电直供海水淡化实验室系统的实例。实验室系统运行结果表明了本文所提出理论的正确性和可行性。
In geological engineering such as sea water desalinization and oil production, water raiser, high pressure pump and oil sucking machine, etc. consume large amount electric power, which is the main bottleneck of energy conservation and emission reduction for these engineering. Renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy is a new solution for geological engineering power supply, which is clean, highly efficient and green.
Because the stability problem brought by grid-connected wind power has not been solved fundamentally yet, micro-grid theory and non-grid-connected wind power theory have been put forward, which cut off the connection of wind power and grid. Combined with large consumer direct supply theory for power market, this paper proposed the non-grid-connected wind power direct supply (NWPDS) theory. The core is wind power is directly send to the heavy loads such as sea water desalinization and oil production, without grid transformation. The main content and research achievement are as follows:
I. Proposed the whole design solution of NWPDS system.
The NWPDS system is composed of wind farm, hybrid DC transformation, energy saving device and grouped load controlled by solid switch, whose design and operation target is to ensure supply reliability and maximum utilization of wind power. The hybrid DC transformation system combined the low cost of current source converter (CSV), the voltage control ability and supply ability to passive load of voltage source converter (VSC). Energy saving device is attained by parrelled super capacitor and battery. The relationship between energy saving device and wind power utilization is studied and the optimization necessity of energy saving device capacity and power rating is pointed out. The genetic algorithm based on oriented evolution is proposed to optimize the energy saving device parameters. The simulation results verified its correctness.
II. Proposed the control strategy of NWPDS system.
Compared with micro-grid and grid control, the opinion that the main control objects in NWPDS system are energy saving device and load is proposed. Based on this opinion, the control strategy of the active power and reactive power decoupled in physical is proposed. The reactive power control is realized by VSC, and the active power control is realized by energy saving device and load control. In active power control, three-level frequency control is proposed, including prediction control based on wind power prediction and pre-set load curve, energy saving control for rapid wind power fluctuation and load control. Simulation verified the validity of the control strategy.
III. Power quality of non-grid-connected wind power is analyzed also. Aiming transient power quality disturbance classification problem, the method combined wavelet transformation and fuzzy logic was proposed. Simulation result identified that this intuitive method is of high accuracy, which is basic for solving NWPDS power quality problem.
IV. A lab system of NWPDS sea water desalinization was introduced. The running results verified the correctness and validity of the theory proposed in this paper.
引文
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