变电站接地网缺陷诊断方法和技术的研究
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摘要
接地网是变电站安全运行的重要保证,其接地性能一直受到设计和生产运行部门的重视。在我国,因接地网腐蚀、发生断裂等缺陷引起的电力系统的事故时有发生,每次事故都会造成巨大的经济损失。电力系统迫切需要一种在不挖开接地网,不影响系统正常运行的条件下,实现变电站接地网缺陷诊断的实用、有效的诊断方法和技术。本文结合国家杰出青年科学基金项目“电磁干扰的耦合机理”(编号50325723),国家自然科学基金项目“复杂媒质中大尺度导体周围瞬态电磁场(编号50577019),河北省自然科学基金“瞬态电磁环境下复杂煤质的接地网算法研究”(编号E2006000678)和唐山市供电公司科研项目“变电站接地网电气性能分析及故障诊断系统的现场研究及应用”,针对变电站接地网缺陷诊断的方法和技术进行了研究。本文主要研究成果如下:
1.提出了变电站接地网缺陷诊断的一种新方法。通过变电站接地网的两根上引导体,直接注入异频的正弦波激励电流,基于电磁感应原理,利用探测线圈检测激励电流在地表面激发的磁感应强度,依据磁感应强度的分布特征诊断接地网网格导体的缺陷状态,通过仿真计算验证了诊断技术路线的可行性和正确性。
2.测量和分析了不同电压等级变电站电磁干扰特性。围绕检测诊断的技术方案,测量了110kV、220kV和500kV变电站内变压器、CT、PT及母线等不同场所的工频电磁干扰水平和瞬态电磁环境的干扰频率范围,给出了检测所面临的复杂电磁环境特征。
3.设计开发了复杂电磁环境下磁感应强度的测量系统。综合利用放大、陷波和滤波等技术措施,实现了在变电站复杂电磁环境下磁感应强度的有效测量。通过实验验证了系统的有效性,其抗干扰能力、分辨率和精度均能满足诊断需要。
4.设计开发了异频的激励源系统。针对变电站接地网接地性能检测和缺陷诊断的需要,设计了专用的异频正弦波激励源系统。基于线性放大和阻抗变换技术,在较宽频带内和较大输出电流的情况下,实现了频率和输出电流的连续调节,解决了功率放大器和接地网负载之间的阻抗匹配问题。通过实验检验了激励源系统的频率特性、带负载能力和输出电流能力符合设计要求。通过诊断实验,验证了测量诊断系统能够满足变电站接地网缺陷诊断和接地性能检测等工程实际的需要。
5.基于上述诊断方法和技术,分别利用试验接地网和实际变电站接地网进行了模拟断点和腐蚀变细等缺陷的实验研究,诊断实验与应用结果验证了本文诊断方法的可行性、诊断技术的有效性和检测系统的可靠性。
The grounding grids of substations are important measure to keep stable operation of power system and safety of operators or power apparatus. Its grounding capability is always paid much attention by correlated departments. The power system accidents caused by corrosion and broken point faults of the grounding grids are often taken place and economical loss is large in China and India. How to diagnosis the faults condition of grounding grids is a very important problem remained to be resolved. Grounding grids are buried in soil, so it is difficult to acquire their information. A practical and effective diagnosis method and technology without opening grids and stopping operation is needed.
Supported by the Scientific Funds for Outstanding Young Scientists of China (No.50325723) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50577019), the main innovative results are as follows:
1. A new diagnosis method of faults of substations’grounding grids is presented. An exciting current of sine wave is injected directly into grounding grids by two lead wires, and then the distributions of the surface magnetic induction intensities are measured. At last, the corrosion conditions or broken points of the mesh conductors will be found by analyzing the distribution characteristics and comparing with the results of the normal simulation computations. The feasibility and correctness of the diagnosis method and technology are tested by simulation calculations.
2. The electromagnetic environments in different substations are measured and analyzed. The electromagnetic interference of work frequency and transient magnetic field are measured in different places near the transformer, CT, PT and mother lines in 110kV, 220kV and 500kV substations. The characteristic of complex electromagnetic environment is given in substation.
3. The measuring system of electromagnetic induction intensity in complex electromagnetic environment is designed. The measuring availability of electromagnetic induction intensity is carried out by using these technology measures of amplifier, notch-filter and band-pass filter, and so on. The availability of the measuring system is tested by experiments and its immunity ability, distinguish rate and precision satisfy the diagnosis demands.
4. A special sine-wave exciting source of different power frequency system for testing the grounding grids functions and diagnosing faults is designed. Based on technologies of linear amplifying and impedance transformation, the problem of impedance matching between the power amplifier and the load of grounding grid is solved in the conditions of wider frequency band and heavier output current. At the same time, the working frequency and output current can be adjusted continuously. Experimental results show that the frequency characteristics and the abilities of driving load and current output can satisfy the design demands. The practical applications show that the design of the source is reasonable and it can be used to check the grounding system function and examine the fault.
5. The faults of broken point and corrosion are simulated by experiments in a testing grounding grid. The diagnosis method and technology are tested and applied in a few practical substations. The testing results show that this diagnosis idea is feasible, this diagnosis method is effective and this diagnosis technology is dependable.
1.提出了变电站接地网缺陷诊断的一种新方法。通过变电站接地网的两根上引导体,直接注入异频的正弦波激励电流,基于电磁感应原理,利用探测线圈检测激励电流在地表面激发的磁感应强度,依据磁感应强度的分布特征诊断接地网网格导体的缺陷状态,通过仿真计算验证了诊断技术路线的可行性和正确性。
2.测量和分析了不同电压等级变电站电磁干扰特性。围绕检测诊断的技术方案,测量了110kV、220kV和500kV变电站内变压器、CT、PT及母线等不同场所的工频电磁干扰水平和瞬态电磁环境的干扰频率范围,给出了检测所面临的复杂电磁环境特征。
3.设计开发了复杂电磁环境下磁感应强度的测量系统。综合利用放大、陷波和滤波等技术措施,实现了在变电站复杂电磁环境下磁感应强度的有效测量。通过实验验证了系统的有效性,其抗干扰能力、分辨率和精度均能满足诊断需要。
4.设计开发了异频的激励源系统。针对变电站接地网接地性能检测和缺陷诊断的需要,设计了专用的异频正弦波激励源系统。基于线性放大和阻抗变换技术,在较宽频带内和较大输出电流的情况下,实现了频率和输出电流的连续调节,解决了功率放大器和接地网负载之间的阻抗匹配问题。通过实验检验了激励源系统的频率特性、带负载能力和输出电流能力符合设计要求。通过诊断实验,验证了测量诊断系统能够满足变电站接地网缺陷诊断和接地性能检测等工程实际的需要。
5.基于上述诊断方法和技术,分别利用试验接地网和实际变电站接地网进行了模拟断点和腐蚀变细等缺陷的实验研究,诊断实验与应用结果验证了本文诊断方法的可行性、诊断技术的有效性和检测系统的可靠性。
The grounding grids of substations are important measure to keep stable operation of power system and safety of operators or power apparatus. Its grounding capability is always paid much attention by correlated departments. The power system accidents caused by corrosion and broken point faults of the grounding grids are often taken place and economical loss is large in China and India. How to diagnosis the faults condition of grounding grids is a very important problem remained to be resolved. Grounding grids are buried in soil, so it is difficult to acquire their information. A practical and effective diagnosis method and technology without opening grids and stopping operation is needed.
Supported by the Scientific Funds for Outstanding Young Scientists of China (No.50325723) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50577019), the main innovative results are as follows:
1. A new diagnosis method of faults of substations’grounding grids is presented. An exciting current of sine wave is injected directly into grounding grids by two lead wires, and then the distributions of the surface magnetic induction intensities are measured. At last, the corrosion conditions or broken points of the mesh conductors will be found by analyzing the distribution characteristics and comparing with the results of the normal simulation computations. The feasibility and correctness of the diagnosis method and technology are tested by simulation calculations.
2. The electromagnetic environments in different substations are measured and analyzed. The electromagnetic interference of work frequency and transient magnetic field are measured in different places near the transformer, CT, PT and mother lines in 110kV, 220kV and 500kV substations. The characteristic of complex electromagnetic environment is given in substation.
3. The measuring system of electromagnetic induction intensity in complex electromagnetic environment is designed. The measuring availability of electromagnetic induction intensity is carried out by using these technology measures of amplifier, notch-filter and band-pass filter, and so on. The availability of the measuring system is tested by experiments and its immunity ability, distinguish rate and precision satisfy the diagnosis demands.
4. A special sine-wave exciting source of different power frequency system for testing the grounding grids functions and diagnosing faults is designed. Based on technologies of linear amplifying and impedance transformation, the problem of impedance matching between the power amplifier and the load of grounding grid is solved in the conditions of wider frequency band and heavier output current. At the same time, the working frequency and output current can be adjusted continuously. Experimental results show that the frequency characteristics and the abilities of driving load and current output can satisfy the design demands. The practical applications show that the design of the source is reasonable and it can be used to check the grounding system function and examine the fault.
5. The faults of broken point and corrosion are simulated by experiments in a testing grounding grid. The diagnosis method and technology are tested and applied in a few practical substations. The testing results show that this diagnosis idea is feasible, this diagnosis method is effective and this diagnosis technology is dependable.
引文
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