南京城市非主干道路景观绿地调查与生态评价研究
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摘要
现代城市道路景观绿地是一个城市以至某个区域的生产力发展水平、公民的审美意识、生活习俗、精神面貌、文化修养和道德水准的真实反映。现在景观绿地已成为人们日常生活不可缺少的一部分,也是影响人们健康和维持城市生态最直接的一环,它把城市中的公园、街头绿地、居住区、风景区等大小绿地斑块串在一起,最大限度地发挥景观绿地在城市生态中所起的作用。因此,利用道路系统建设城市绿色廊道、完善整个城市绿地系统、服务于居民,具有极其重要的战略意义。
本研究理论结合实际,在研究国内外城市道路绿化理论、实践及发展动态的基础上,实地调查了南京主城区的非主干道路景观绿地,共计110条样带。进行了大量的现场调查、资料收集和分析,从景观、群落及种群水平分析其现状,并运用生态、美学、园林和环境等多学科的理论和方法,将样带分别归以南京城市商业区和居住区非主干道路两大类,对南京市城市非主干道路景观绿地作出了数量化的统计和评价;从观赏特性角度,分析了两个城区道路绿地中观花植物、观果植物和观叶植物的组成及特征;并将其分别与住宅区、校园和公园道路进行综合对比评价。研究的结果表明:
①商业区和居住区非主干道路中植物种类不够丰富,缺乏多样性,乡土特色均不明显,且存在少数物种被大量广泛应用的现象,造成道路植物景观雷同。其中居住区非主干道路绿地的生态效果和观赏价值相对较好。此外,商业区与居住区非主干道路绿地水平布置形式非常相似,均为一板二带类型占绝大比例,两个区域非主干道路植物结构均不丰富,景观水平形式单调。②观赏特性方面,居住区道路绿地中观花植物种类较商业区多,灌木层观花种类差距幅度最大;两个城区道路绿地中观果植物种类的分布相似,种类均较少,其中居住区道路绿地中观果植物种类较商业区多,但是地被层观果种类严重缺乏;两城区中观叶植物应用频率均较高,但品种单调;③通过五大类道路样地各项评价指标的对比,总的来说,公园道路各项指标均名列前茅,其他四类道路景观绿地质量从高到低排序有交叉,特色不明显;文章最后总结了南京主干道路景观绿地的特点,探讨了其景观绿化原则,提出了南京非主干道路景观绿地发展优化建议,倡导构建生态性、地方性、独特性的道路景观绿地。
Modern plant-landscape of road-greenlands in urban areas is a true reflect about the productivity development、the taste about beauty、the custom、the face of spirit、the culture of civilization and the level of morality of a city or a certain areas. Now, plant-landscape of road-greenlands has been a necessary part of our life. It also has been the directest part to affect people's health and maintain city's ecosystem. It linked parks、road-greenlands、living areas、beauty spots and so on to a whole and made plant-landscape of road-greenland take a very vital role to play in urban ecosystem. Therefore,making use of the road system sets up a city's a green gallery, improves the whole greenland system, services for the residents, having the strategic meaning of very importance.
Integrating the theory with the practices and developments of urban plant-landscape of road-greenland, the old urban area and the new area of Nanjing were studied in this paper, and 110 non-main road-greenlands were investigated. Carried on a great deal of spot inquisition, data collections and analysis, this paper analyzes its present condition in landscape, community and plant colony. With the theories of Ecology, Aesthetic, Landscape, Environment, Botany and so on, the model is established. And from appreciate characteristic angle to analyze the characteristic of the ornamental. And made comprehensive contrast evaluation with living districts、campus and park roads. The main results are as follows:
①In the residential district and the commercial district in Nanjing urban areas, the plant species are not abundant and are short of multiplicity. However in these two areas the indigenous plants are lack, and the plant-landscape of road-greenlands is similar, for a few species are applied abroad. The ecological results and the ornamental value of the non-main road greenlands in the residential district are better than the commercial district. However, the level arrange form of the residential district and the commercial district are very similar. Most of them are made of one plat surface and two greenlands. The structure of plant-landscape of the road-greenlands in these two districts are not abundant, and the form of the plant-landscape are both monotony.②In the aspect of the ornamental characteristic, the species of the flowers is more abundant in residential district ,and the margin of bush species among them are the best of all. The species of the fruits in these two road-greenlands are very similar,both of them are lackness. The amout of the fruits species in residential districts are better than the commercial districts,but fruits species of the layer which is the nearest to the ground lack seriously;The application frequency of foliage plants in these two districts are both high,but the amount of species are monotony.③From the contrast of these evaluate elements in five kinds of road samples,totally to say,gardens are the best among these samples,the quality of landscape of other samples have crossovers; In the end of the article, the characteristic of plant-landscape of non-mian road-greenlands in Nanjing urban areas was summarize,and the priniciple of the landcape greening was discussed,and the development suggestion to plant landscape of non-main road greenlands was given, and some advices were brought forward to build ecological, local, special plant-landscape of road-greenlands.
本研究理论结合实际,在研究国内外城市道路绿化理论、实践及发展动态的基础上,实地调查了南京主城区的非主干道路景观绿地,共计110条样带。进行了大量的现场调查、资料收集和分析,从景观、群落及种群水平分析其现状,并运用生态、美学、园林和环境等多学科的理论和方法,将样带分别归以南京城市商业区和居住区非主干道路两大类,对南京市城市非主干道路景观绿地作出了数量化的统计和评价;从观赏特性角度,分析了两个城区道路绿地中观花植物、观果植物和观叶植物的组成及特征;并将其分别与住宅区、校园和公园道路进行综合对比评价。研究的结果表明:
①商业区和居住区非主干道路中植物种类不够丰富,缺乏多样性,乡土特色均不明显,且存在少数物种被大量广泛应用的现象,造成道路植物景观雷同。其中居住区非主干道路绿地的生态效果和观赏价值相对较好。此外,商业区与居住区非主干道路绿地水平布置形式非常相似,均为一板二带类型占绝大比例,两个区域非主干道路植物结构均不丰富,景观水平形式单调。②观赏特性方面,居住区道路绿地中观花植物种类较商业区多,灌木层观花种类差距幅度最大;两个城区道路绿地中观果植物种类的分布相似,种类均较少,其中居住区道路绿地中观果植物种类较商业区多,但是地被层观果种类严重缺乏;两城区中观叶植物应用频率均较高,但品种单调;③通过五大类道路样地各项评价指标的对比,总的来说,公园道路各项指标均名列前茅,其他四类道路景观绿地质量从高到低排序有交叉,特色不明显;文章最后总结了南京主干道路景观绿地的特点,探讨了其景观绿化原则,提出了南京非主干道路景观绿地发展优化建议,倡导构建生态性、地方性、独特性的道路景观绿地。
Modern plant-landscape of road-greenlands in urban areas is a true reflect about the productivity development、the taste about beauty、the custom、the face of spirit、the culture of civilization and the level of morality of a city or a certain areas. Now, plant-landscape of road-greenlands has been a necessary part of our life. It also has been the directest part to affect people's health and maintain city's ecosystem. It linked parks、road-greenlands、living areas、beauty spots and so on to a whole and made plant-landscape of road-greenland take a very vital role to play in urban ecosystem. Therefore,making use of the road system sets up a city's a green gallery, improves the whole greenland system, services for the residents, having the strategic meaning of very importance.
Integrating the theory with the practices and developments of urban plant-landscape of road-greenland, the old urban area and the new area of Nanjing were studied in this paper, and 110 non-main road-greenlands were investigated. Carried on a great deal of spot inquisition, data collections and analysis, this paper analyzes its present condition in landscape, community and plant colony. With the theories of Ecology, Aesthetic, Landscape, Environment, Botany and so on, the model is established. And from appreciate characteristic angle to analyze the characteristic of the ornamental. And made comprehensive contrast evaluation with living districts、campus and park roads. The main results are as follows:
①In the residential district and the commercial district in Nanjing urban areas, the plant species are not abundant and are short of multiplicity. However in these two areas the indigenous plants are lack, and the plant-landscape of road-greenlands is similar, for a few species are applied abroad. The ecological results and the ornamental value of the non-main road greenlands in the residential district are better than the commercial district. However, the level arrange form of the residential district and the commercial district are very similar. Most of them are made of one plat surface and two greenlands. The structure of plant-landscape of the road-greenlands in these two districts are not abundant, and the form of the plant-landscape are both monotony.②In the aspect of the ornamental characteristic, the species of the flowers is more abundant in residential district ,and the margin of bush species among them are the best of all. The species of the fruits in these two road-greenlands are very similar,both of them are lackness. The amout of the fruits species in residential districts are better than the commercial districts,but fruits species of the layer which is the nearest to the ground lack seriously;The application frequency of foliage plants in these two districts are both high,but the amount of species are monotony.③From the contrast of these evaluate elements in five kinds of road samples,totally to say,gardens are the best among these samples,the quality of landscape of other samples have crossovers; In the end of the article, the characteristic of plant-landscape of non-mian road-greenlands in Nanjing urban areas was summarize,and the priniciple of the landcape greening was discussed,and the development suggestion to plant landscape of non-main road greenlands was given, and some advices were brought forward to build ecological, local, special plant-landscape of road-greenlands.
引文
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