三相电压型PWM整流器控制策略及应用研究
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摘要
目前,高效、无污染的利用电能是世界各国普遍关注的问题。传统的二极管整流和相控整流需要电网提供大量的无功功率,给电网带来严重的谐波污染,影响电网的安全运行和其它电子设备的正常工作,降低了电能的有效利用率。PWM整流器具有网侧电流低谐波、单位功率因数、能量双向流动和直流电压可控等优点,实现了电能的“绿色变换”,可从根本上解决“消除谐波和无功功率”的问题,在大功率不间断电源、四象限交流变频器、传统电源系统的换代产品、无功补偿、太阳能发电以及交直流传动系统等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文对三相电压型PWM整流器的控制策略及应用进行了深入研究,主要研究内容如下：
(1)在三相静止坐标系、两相静止坐标系和同步旋转坐标系中建立了三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型,介绍了空间矢量PWM技术的原理,给出了SVPWM的简化算法,避免了三角函数和非线性运算,提高了计算速度。
(2)研究了基于dq坐标系的前馈解耦控制策略和基于两相静止坐标系的预测电流控制策略,分析了前馈解耦控制原理,给出了电流内环和电压外环的设计方法。重点研究了预测电流控制的原理及交流侧电流静态相位误差的产生原因,提出了改进的预测电流控制策略,该控制策略利用电网电压相位信息的周期性,解决了传统预测电流控制中交流侧电流存在相位静态误差的问题。
(3)在同步旋转坐标系中建立了多重化并联三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型。对多重化直接并联系统中的零序环流控制和均流控制技术进行了研究,提出了零序环流控制策略,该控制策略在并联系统中增加了零序环流控制环,通过调整SVPWM的零矢量占空比,实现对零序环流的有效抑制。在并联系统的均流控制方面,采用了最大电流自动主从控制策略,提高了并联系统的冗余性。在二重化并联系统控制技术研究的基础上,讨论了多重化并联系统的控制技术。
(4)研究了三相电压型PWM整流器在大功率UPS中的应用。论文详细介绍了三相电压型PWM整流器工程设计中的关键技术,并对样机的测试结果进行了分析。论文设计的40kVA三相电压型PWM整流器输入功率因数为0.981,交流侧电流谐波含量THD=2.49%,满足UPS的规定技术指标。
Using energy without pollution and efficiently is widely concerned around the world now. Traditional diode rectifier and phase-controlled rectifier need lots of reactive power provided by power grid, which will bring serious harmonic pollution to grid, affect the grid operating safely and other electronic equipment operating normally, and the effective utilization of energy will be reduced too. PWM rectifier has many advantages such as low current harmonics of grid side, unity power factor, reversibility of energy, DC voltage controlled, and so on,which will realize the "green conversion"of energy. PWM rectifier can solve the problem of harmonics and reactive power essentially, and has broad application prospects in the fields of high-power uninterruptible power supply, four-quadrant AC drives, traditional power system generation product, reactive power compensation, solar power generation and other areas as well as AC and DC driving system. In this paper, the control strategies and application of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier is studied deeply, the main content as follows:
1. In this paper, mathematical models of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier are established respectively in the three-phase stationary coordinate, two-phase stationary coordinate and the synchronous rotating coordinate. The principle of space vector PWM technique is introduced, and simplified algorithm of SVPWM is also provided, which can not only avoid trigonometric functions and nonlinear computing, but increase the computing speed.
2. Feedforward decoupling control strategy based on the dq coordinate and predictive current control strategy based on two-phase stationary coordinate both are mainly studied in this paper. The principle of feedforward decoupling control strategy is analyzed, and the designing methods of voltage outer-loop and current inner-loop are also discussed. This paper focuses on predictive current control strategy of which the control principle and the reason of static phase error existing in the AC side current are studied. And the paper presents improved predictive current control strategy, which solves the problem of static phase error existing in the AC side current in traditional predictive current control strategy using periodic phase information of voltage.
3. This paper establishes mathematical model of multiple parallel three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate. The zero-sequence circulating control and current sharing control of multiple direct parallel are studied. And the paper presents zero-sequence circulating control strategy which adding zero-sequence circulating control loop in controlling system through controlling the zero vector duty cycle of SVPWM to achieve zero-sequence circulating current control. Moreover, maximum current automatic master-slave control strategy is used for current sharing control in parallel system, which improves redundancy. The paper also discusses the controlling of N parallel system basing on controlling technology of double parallel system.
4. The application of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier in high-power UPS is studied in this paper. The paper describes the key technology in the project design of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier, and analyzes the test results of the prototype.The40kVA three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier we designed can meet the provisions of the UPS parameters, for example, input power factor is0.981, AC side current harmonic THD=2.49%.
(1)在三相静止坐标系、两相静止坐标系和同步旋转坐标系中建立了三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型,介绍了空间矢量PWM技术的原理,给出了SVPWM的简化算法,避免了三角函数和非线性运算,提高了计算速度。
(2)研究了基于dq坐标系的前馈解耦控制策略和基于两相静止坐标系的预测电流控制策略,分析了前馈解耦控制原理,给出了电流内环和电压外环的设计方法。重点研究了预测电流控制的原理及交流侧电流静态相位误差的产生原因,提出了改进的预测电流控制策略,该控制策略利用电网电压相位信息的周期性,解决了传统预测电流控制中交流侧电流存在相位静态误差的问题。
(3)在同步旋转坐标系中建立了多重化并联三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型。对多重化直接并联系统中的零序环流控制和均流控制技术进行了研究,提出了零序环流控制策略,该控制策略在并联系统中增加了零序环流控制环,通过调整SVPWM的零矢量占空比,实现对零序环流的有效抑制。在并联系统的均流控制方面,采用了最大电流自动主从控制策略,提高了并联系统的冗余性。在二重化并联系统控制技术研究的基础上,讨论了多重化并联系统的控制技术。
(4)研究了三相电压型PWM整流器在大功率UPS中的应用。论文详细介绍了三相电压型PWM整流器工程设计中的关键技术,并对样机的测试结果进行了分析。论文设计的40kVA三相电压型PWM整流器输入功率因数为0.981,交流侧电流谐波含量THD=2.49%,满足UPS的规定技术指标。
Using energy without pollution and efficiently is widely concerned around the world now. Traditional diode rectifier and phase-controlled rectifier need lots of reactive power provided by power grid, which will bring serious harmonic pollution to grid, affect the grid operating safely and other electronic equipment operating normally, and the effective utilization of energy will be reduced too. PWM rectifier has many advantages such as low current harmonics of grid side, unity power factor, reversibility of energy, DC voltage controlled, and so on,which will realize the "green conversion"of energy. PWM rectifier can solve the problem of harmonics and reactive power essentially, and has broad application prospects in the fields of high-power uninterruptible power supply, four-quadrant AC drives, traditional power system generation product, reactive power compensation, solar power generation and other areas as well as AC and DC driving system. In this paper, the control strategies and application of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier is studied deeply, the main content as follows:
1. In this paper, mathematical models of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier are established respectively in the three-phase stationary coordinate, two-phase stationary coordinate and the synchronous rotating coordinate. The principle of space vector PWM technique is introduced, and simplified algorithm of SVPWM is also provided, which can not only avoid trigonometric functions and nonlinear computing, but increase the computing speed.
2. Feedforward decoupling control strategy based on the dq coordinate and predictive current control strategy based on two-phase stationary coordinate both are mainly studied in this paper. The principle of feedforward decoupling control strategy is analyzed, and the designing methods of voltage outer-loop and current inner-loop are also discussed. This paper focuses on predictive current control strategy of which the control principle and the reason of static phase error existing in the AC side current are studied. And the paper presents improved predictive current control strategy, which solves the problem of static phase error existing in the AC side current in traditional predictive current control strategy using periodic phase information of voltage.
3. This paper establishes mathematical model of multiple parallel three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate. The zero-sequence circulating control and current sharing control of multiple direct parallel are studied. And the paper presents zero-sequence circulating control strategy which adding zero-sequence circulating control loop in controlling system through controlling the zero vector duty cycle of SVPWM to achieve zero-sequence circulating current control. Moreover, maximum current automatic master-slave control strategy is used for current sharing control in parallel system, which improves redundancy. The paper also discusses the controlling of N parallel system basing on controlling technology of double parallel system.
4. The application of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier in high-power UPS is studied in this paper. The paper describes the key technology in the project design of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier, and analyzes the test results of the prototype.The40kVA three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier we designed can meet the provisions of the UPS parameters, for example, input power factor is0.981, AC side current harmonic THD=2.49%.
引文
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