碳纳米管/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料的耐磨损性研究
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摘要
碳纳米管(CNTs)由于具有优异的物理、力学性能,在诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景,其中一个重要领域是以碳纳米管作为增强相,制备高强轻质复合材料。本文采用原位聚合方法将经酸化处理的碳纳米管,借助超声设备充分分散到甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)溶液中,制备一系列聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合材料试样,并研究了碳纳米管的加入对试样的耐磨损性的影响。
对酸化处理前后的碳纳米管及其复合材料进行了傅立叶红外吸收光谱分析、Zeta电势分析,扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察;依据GB/T6739—1996规定进行硬度测试,采用砝码质量法评价复合材料的耐磨损性。分析结果表明:混酸处理后,碳纳米管附带了-OH、-COOH等极性基团;酸化处理碳纳米管的Zeta电势绝对值要大于未处理碳纳米管电势绝对值;经混酸处理后,碳纳米管被切短,定向碳纳米管束状结构被破坏,碳纳米管以单管形态分散于基体中,碳纳米管表面包覆着PMMA;碳纳米管含量适中时,基体中的有机相与无机相相容性较好;含量过高时,无机相会发生团聚,团聚体被PMMA包覆;PMMA复合材料硬度随纳米材料含量的增加而提高。
砝码质量法耐磨损性测试结果表明:碳纳米管的加入可提高PMMA复合材料的耐磨损性和耐划痕性;①当Aligned MWNTs 1020用量为0.7%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升54%;②当S.MWNTs 1020用量为1.0%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升42.9%;③当L.MWNTs 1020用量为1.0%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升61.9%。
Owing to their unique and superior physical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold a great promise of extensive applications in various fields. Among others, CNTs have been thought as a very promising candidate as the ideal reinforcing fibers for advanced composites with high strength and low density. In this paper, the in-situ polymerization method was adopted in preparation of serial PMMA samples with nano-materials such as CNTs, the nano-materials can disperse sufficiently in MMA solution by ultrasonic-mechanical method and wear resistance of the composites were investigated.
The analysis methods such as FTIR, Zeta potential, SEM, and OM techniques were used for estimating CNTs and its composites. According to GB/T6739-1996, the hardness test named weights method was used to evaluate the wear-insistance of composites. The results show that -OH and -COOH groups were attached to the acid mixture-treated aligned CNTs; the acid mixture-treated aligned CNTs had higher |ζ| potential; the CNTs was shorter, and bundle-like structure of the aligned CNTs was destroyed after the acid treatment, and the acid mixture- treated aligned CNTs could disperse in the PMMA matrix well in single nanotubes; when the CNTs content reached to specific value, the organic parts and inorganic parts had best compatibility in the matrix; when the CNTs content is higher, the inorganic parts could be gathered; with addition of the nano-materials, the hardness of PMMA composite was enhanced.
The results of wear-resistance test by weights method shows that the addition of CNTs can enhance the wear-resistance and the scratch-resistance of PMMA composite;①when the content of aligned MWNTs 1020 was 0.7% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 54% at most;②when the content of S.MWNTs 1020 was 1.0% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 42.9% at most;③when the content of L.MWNTs 1020 was 1.0% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 61.9% at most.
对酸化处理前后的碳纳米管及其复合材料进行了傅立叶红外吸收光谱分析、Zeta电势分析,扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察;依据GB/T6739—1996规定进行硬度测试,采用砝码质量法评价复合材料的耐磨损性。分析结果表明:混酸处理后,碳纳米管附带了-OH、-COOH等极性基团;酸化处理碳纳米管的Zeta电势绝对值要大于未处理碳纳米管电势绝对值;经混酸处理后,碳纳米管被切短,定向碳纳米管束状结构被破坏,碳纳米管以单管形态分散于基体中,碳纳米管表面包覆着PMMA;碳纳米管含量适中时,基体中的有机相与无机相相容性较好;含量过高时,无机相会发生团聚,团聚体被PMMA包覆;PMMA复合材料硬度随纳米材料含量的增加而提高。
砝码质量法耐磨损性测试结果表明:碳纳米管的加入可提高PMMA复合材料的耐磨损性和耐划痕性;①当Aligned MWNTs 1020用量为0.7%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升54%;②当S.MWNTs 1020用量为1.0%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升42.9%;③当L.MWNTs 1020用量为1.0%时,复合材料的耐磨损性能提升61.9%。
Owing to their unique and superior physical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold a great promise of extensive applications in various fields. Among others, CNTs have been thought as a very promising candidate as the ideal reinforcing fibers for advanced composites with high strength and low density. In this paper, the in-situ polymerization method was adopted in preparation of serial PMMA samples with nano-materials such as CNTs, the nano-materials can disperse sufficiently in MMA solution by ultrasonic-mechanical method and wear resistance of the composites were investigated.
The analysis methods such as FTIR, Zeta potential, SEM, and OM techniques were used for estimating CNTs and its composites. According to GB/T6739-1996, the hardness test named weights method was used to evaluate the wear-insistance of composites. The results show that -OH and -COOH groups were attached to the acid mixture-treated aligned CNTs; the acid mixture-treated aligned CNTs had higher |ζ| potential; the CNTs was shorter, and bundle-like structure of the aligned CNTs was destroyed after the acid treatment, and the acid mixture- treated aligned CNTs could disperse in the PMMA matrix well in single nanotubes; when the CNTs content reached to specific value, the organic parts and inorganic parts had best compatibility in the matrix; when the CNTs content is higher, the inorganic parts could be gathered; with addition of the nano-materials, the hardness of PMMA composite was enhanced.
The results of wear-resistance test by weights method shows that the addition of CNTs can enhance the wear-resistance and the scratch-resistance of PMMA composite;①when the content of aligned MWNTs 1020 was 0.7% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 54% at most;②when the content of S.MWNTs 1020 was 1.0% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 42.9% at most;③when the content of L.MWNTs 1020 was 1.0% in PMMA, measured results in weights show that wear resistance of the composites was enhanced and increased by 61.9% at most.
引文
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[25] DEBELS E.How to Simulate Wear? Overview of Existing Methods[J]. Dental Materials, 2006, 22: 693-701.
[26]巩强.纳米Al2O3透明耐磨复合涂料的研制[J].现代涂料与涂装, 2004, 10(2): 1-7.
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