刈割对互花米草的防治效果及机理研究
摘要
自1979年互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)引入我国后,在保滩护岸、促淤造陆以及净化海岸带水质等方面发挥了重要作用。但其对逆境胁迫的高抗性和高适应性,发达的根状茎和极强的萌蘖能力,加上我国还没有发现本地的天敌和其他制约因子可以有效控制其种群增长和扩散,使得互花米草蔓延的速度远超过了人为的控制能力,以致乡土物种被排挤,破坏了底栖生物及鸟类的生存环境,并对自然环境和经济发展带来许多负面影响。权衡利弊,控制互花米草种群的疯狂扩张已经是大势所趋。
本文在综述互花米草的生物学特性,引进后给生态环境等方面带来的正负两面效应以及当前国内外对互花米草所采取的控制措施的基础上,通过动态测量不同时期对互花米草进行齐地面刈割后的株高、株数和生物量的生长情况,得出7月21日(孕穗期——抽穗期)刈割处理后,至扬花期,其株高、株数、地上部分生物量均低于对照,并达到显著或极显著差异,应为有效控制互花米草扩张的最佳刈割时期;通过不同时期对互花米草进行齐地面刈割,测定其根系活力、根系可溶性总糖含量、根系游离氨基酸总量、根系可溶性蛋白质含量以及根系活性氧清除系统中保护酶活性等各项指标,找出互花米草的养分转移规律,进一步证明了有效控制互花米草扩张的最佳刈割时期为孕穗期——抽穗期。
Spartina alterniflora has played the important roles in protecting the beach shore , accelerating silt deposition as well as purificating the coastal water quality since was introduced to our country in 1979. But the high resistance and the high adaptability, the developed roots and the greatly strong sprouts ability, in addition we had not discovered the local natural enemy and other restriction factors might effective control Spartina alterniflora growth and proliferation in our country. So the spread speed of Spartina alterniflora has greatly surpass the man control ability, result in the local species are pushed aside, which destroyed the survival environment of bottom biological and birds, and brought many negative influences to the natural environment and the economical development. Weighed the advantages and disadvantages, control the Spartina alterniflora's crazy expansion already was the ultimate trend.
This paper summarized the biology characteristic of Spartina alterniflora, the positive and negative influences to the environment after introduced Spartina alterniflora, as well as current domestic and foreign control measures to Spartina alterniflora, through the dynamic survey height ,amounts, biomass after different timing mowing. The results show that the height, amounts, aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora which regrows after mowing on July 21 (boot stage-heading) all under the control,and achieve significant or very significant differences. So this period should be the best mowing time which the active control the Spartina alterniflora expands; and unifies the changes of root vigor, soluble sugar contents, free amino acid contents and protects enzyme activity of defense system after different timing mowing, discovered the nutrient transfer rule in Spartina alterniflora, further certificate that the best mowing times to active control Spartina alterniflora are the booting stage and the heading stage.
本文在综述互花米草的生物学特性,引进后给生态环境等方面带来的正负两面效应以及当前国内外对互花米草所采取的控制措施的基础上,通过动态测量不同时期对互花米草进行齐地面刈割后的株高、株数和生物量的生长情况,得出7月21日(孕穗期——抽穗期)刈割处理后,至扬花期,其株高、株数、地上部分生物量均低于对照,并达到显著或极显著差异,应为有效控制互花米草扩张的最佳刈割时期;通过不同时期对互花米草进行齐地面刈割,测定其根系活力、根系可溶性总糖含量、根系游离氨基酸总量、根系可溶性蛋白质含量以及根系活性氧清除系统中保护酶活性等各项指标,找出互花米草的养分转移规律,进一步证明了有效控制互花米草扩张的最佳刈割时期为孕穗期——抽穗期。
Spartina alterniflora has played the important roles in protecting the beach shore , accelerating silt deposition as well as purificating the coastal water quality since was introduced to our country in 1979. But the high resistance and the high adaptability, the developed roots and the greatly strong sprouts ability, in addition we had not discovered the local natural enemy and other restriction factors might effective control Spartina alterniflora growth and proliferation in our country. So the spread speed of Spartina alterniflora has greatly surpass the man control ability, result in the local species are pushed aside, which destroyed the survival environment of bottom biological and birds, and brought many negative influences to the natural environment and the economical development. Weighed the advantages and disadvantages, control the Spartina alterniflora's crazy expansion already was the ultimate trend.
This paper summarized the biology characteristic of Spartina alterniflora, the positive and negative influences to the environment after introduced Spartina alterniflora, as well as current domestic and foreign control measures to Spartina alterniflora, through the dynamic survey height ,amounts, biomass after different timing mowing. The results show that the height, amounts, aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora which regrows after mowing on July 21 (boot stage-heading) all under the control,and achieve significant or very significant differences. So this period should be the best mowing time which the active control the Spartina alterniflora expands; and unifies the changes of root vigor, soluble sugar contents, free amino acid contents and protects enzyme activity of defense system after different timing mowing, discovered the nutrient transfer rule in Spartina alterniflora, further certificate that the best mowing times to active control Spartina alterniflora are the booting stage and the heading stage.
引文
1.Daehler C C,Strong D R.Status.prediction and prevention of introduced cordgrass Spartina spp invasions in Pacific estuaries,USA.Biol.Conserv,1996,78:51-58.
2.李加林,杨晓平,童亿勤.互花米草入侵对潮滩生态系统服务功能的影响及其管理[J].海洋通报,2005,24(5):33-38.
3.李加林,许继琴,张殿发等.杭州湾南岸互花米草盐沼生态系统服务价值评估[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(5):58-63.
4.管永健.安树青.王云静等.我国引种米草的生态效应及生态安全[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27:5-10.
5.环保总局.中国第一批外来入侵物种名单[J].国务院公报2003.23,:41-46.
6.李加林.互花米草海滩生态系统及其综合效益[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2004,17(1):38-42.
7.秦卫华,王智,蒋明康.互花米草对长江口两个湿地自然保护区的入侵[J].杂草科学,2004,(4):15-16.
8.张正仁,经美德,钦佩等.自动沙培装置下互花米草耐盐生理反应初报[J].南京大学学报(增刊),1985:268-279.
9.王慧姬,周鸿彬,宋蓉君等.大米草生物学特性(Ⅰ)叶解剖结构的初步观察[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1979,(3):45-52.
10.邓自发,安树青,智颖飙等.外来种互花米草入侵模式与爆发机制[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2678-2686.
11.肖强,郑海雷,叶文景.水淹对互花米草生长及生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1025-1028.
12.Bertness M D.Zonation of Spartina Patens and S.Altemiflora in a New2England Salt2Marsh.Ecology,1991,72:138-148.
13.徐国万,卓荣宗.我国引种互花米草的初步研究[J].南京大学学报,1985:212-225.
14.Pezeshki S R.Photosynthesis and root growth in Spartina alterniflora in relation to root zone aeration.Photosynthetica,1997,34(1):107-114.
15.刘建,庄志鸿,蔡宣梅.互花米草人工败育技术[J].植物保护,2005,31(1):70-72.
16.孙飒梅.三都湾互花米草的遥感监测[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):223-228.
17.Partridge T R.Spartina in New Zealand.New Zeal[J].Bot.1987,25:567-576.
18.张东,杨明明,李俊祥等.崇明东滩互花米草的无性扩散能力[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2006,(2):130-135.
19.沈永明.江苏省沿海互花米草人工盐沼的分布及效益[J].国土与自然资源研究,2002,(2):45-47.
20.张东,陈小勇.应全面评估大米草在我国沿海地区扩展繁殖带来的利与弊[J].上海建设科技,2005,(1):35-37.
21.梁霞,张利权.赵广琦.芦苇与外来植物互花米草在不同CO2浓度下的光合特性比较[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):842-848.
22.赵广琦,张利权,梁霞.芦苇与入侵植物互花米草的光合特性比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1604-1611.
23.朱晓佳.钦佩.外来种互花米草及米草生态工程[J].海洋科学,2003,27(12):14-19.
24.李加林,张忍顺.互花米草海滩生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的评估——以江苏为例[J].海洋科学,2003,27(10):68-72.
25.张征云,李小宁,孙贻超等.我国海岸滩涂引入大米草的利弊分析[J].农业环境与发展,2004,(1):22-25.
26.许德芝.大米草净化生活污水的研究[J].贵州大学学报(农业与生物科学版),2002,21(2):121-125.
27.刘军普,田志坤.互花米草净化污水的研究.河北环境科学[J].2002,10(2):45-48.
28.周玳,王小蓉,周爱和等.互花米草及大米草对汞富集的初步研究[J].南京大学学报(米草研究进展专辑),1985:116-122.
29.孙书存,朱旭斌,吕超群.外来种米草的生态功能评价与控制[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):93-98.
30.林少秋.用美国互花米草圈养山羊效果试验[J].福建畜牧兽医,2005,27(5):8-9.
31.唐廷贵,张万钧.论中国海岸带大米草生态工程效益与“生态入侵”[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(3):15-20.
32.陈中义,李博,陈家宽.米草属植物入侵的生态后果及管理对策[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):280-289.
33.洪荣标,吕小梅,陈岚等.九龙江口红树林湿地与米草湿地的底栖生物[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):189-194.
34.Thompson J D.The biology of an invasive plant:what makes Spartina anglica so successful Bioscience.1991,41(6):393-401.
35.Anttila C K,Daehler C C,Rank NE,et al.Greater male fitness of a rare invader(Spartina altemiflora, Poaceae)threatens a common native(S.foliosa)with hybridization.Am.J.Bot,1998,85:1597-1601.
36.Daehler C C,Strong D R.Hybridization between introduced smooth cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora,Poaceae)and native California cordgrass(Spartiana foliosa)in San Francisco Bay,California,USA.Am.J.Bot,1997,84(5):607-611.
37.Ayres D R,Garcia2Rossi D,Davis H G,et al.Extent and degree of hybridization between exotic (Spartina alterniflora)and native(S.foliosa)cordgrass(Poaceae)in California,USA determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPDs).Mol.Ecol.,1999,8(7):1179-1189.
38.徐晓军,王华,由文辉.崇明东滩互花米草群落中底栖动物群落动态的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,(2):89-95.
39.陈中义,付萃长.王海毅.互花米草入侵东滩盐沼对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的影响[J].湿地科学.2005.3(1):1-7.
40.Gray A J,Marshall D F,Raybould A F.A century of evolution in Spartina anglica.Advances in Ecological Research,1991,21:1-62.
41.刘建,杜文琴,马丽娜.大米草防除剂——米草净的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(2):410-411.
42.林如求.三都湾大米草和互花米草的危害及治理研究[J].福建地理,1997,12(1):16-19.
43.刘建,黄建华.谨慎引进植物 警惕负面影响[J].植物保护,2002,4:51-53.
44.Department of the interior,U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,Willapa National Wildlife Refuge,Control of smooth cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)on willapa national wildlife refuge Environmental assessment;Washington:[s.n.],1997.
45.Frid CLJ,Chandrasekara WU.1999.The restoration of mud flats in2vaded by common cord2grass (Spartina anglica,CE Hubbard)usingmechanical disturbance and its effects on the macrobenthic fauna [J].Aquatic Conser.Mar.Freshwater Ecosyst.91:47-61.
46.Spartina TF.Spartina Management Program:Integrated Weed Management for Private Lands in Willapa Bay.Washington:[s.n.],1994,47-67.
47.Fate and effects of glyphosate in an estuary——Long-term Fate of glyphosate associated with Reported Redeo Application to Control Smooth Cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)in Willapa Bay,Washington.kevin M.Kilride and fred L.Paveglio.
48.Patten K.Usable alternatives to Rodeo.In:Washington state department of agriculture.Proceedings from the 1999.Spartina eradication post-season review.Olympia Washington:[s.n.],1999,15.
49.Shaw W B,Gosling DS.Spartina ecology,control and eradication- recent New Zealand experience.In: WSU long beach research and extension unit,Long beach WA Washington sea grant second,International Spartina conference proceedings.Olympia Washington:[s.n.],1997,27-33.
50.杜文琴.马丽娜,刘建等.红树林区内互花米草防除技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):154-156.
51.Wu M X,Hacket S,Ayres D,et al..Potential of Prokelisia spp.As biological control agents of Enghlish cordgrass,Spartina anglica.Biological Control,1999,16:267-273.
52.王蔚,张凯,汝少国.米草生物入侵现状及技术研究进展[J].海洋科学,2003,27(7):38-42.
53.Gray A J,Marshall D F,Raybould AF.A century of evolution in Spartina anglica.Advances in Ecological Research,1991,21:1-62.
54.陈玉军,郑松发,廖宝文.珠海市淇澳岛红树林引种扩种问题的探讨[J].广东林业科技,2002,18(2):31-36.
55.张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:39-41.
56.中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海市植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南.北京:科学山版社,2004:127-128.
57.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:184-185.
58.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:192-194.
59.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社.2006:172-173.
60.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:167-168.
61.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:170-171.
62.迟文峰,崔国文.不同刈割次数对紫花苜蓿根系中可溶性糖含量及越冬率影响的研究[J].四川草原.2006.3:4-6.
63.秦勇,姚军,曹天宇.加工用番茄植株浸提液对其幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(6):336-340.
64.刘浩荣,宋海星,刘代平等.油菜茎叶可溶性糖与游离氨基酸含量的动态变化[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):123-126.
65.谭勇,梁宗锁,王渭玲等.氮、磷、钾营养对膜荚黄芪幼苗根系活力和游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):0478-0483.
66.於丙军,章文华,刘友良.NaCl对大麦幼苗根系蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(4):439-445.
67.刘胜群.宋凤斌.玉米生殖生长期根系主要游离氨基酸含量分析[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):35-37.
68.Scandalios J G.Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases[J].Plant Physiology,1993,101:7-12.
69.Mishra N P.Mishra R K,Singhal G S.Changes in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat lea vesto strong visible light at different temperatures in the present of protein synthesis inhibitors[J].Plant Physiology,1993,102:903.
70.Smirnoff N.The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation[J].New Phytologist,1993,125:27.
71.梁慧敏,夏阳,王太明.植物抗寒冻、抗旱、耐盐基因工程研究进展[J].草业学报,2003,12(3):1-7.
72.王保莉,杨春,曲东.环境因素对小麦苗期SOD、MDA及可溶性蛋白的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,12(6):72-77.
73.吴志华,曾富华,马生健等.ABA对PEG胁迫下狗牙根可溶性蛋白质的影响[J].草业学报,2004,13(5):75-78.
74.刘蕾,何聪芬,董银卯等.不同胁迫对美花兰幼苗活性氧代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2007,(9):154-156.
75.孙学成,谭启玲,胡承孝等.低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(5):952-956.
76.毕会涛,黄付强,邱林等.干旱胁迫对灰枣保护性酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].中国农学通报.2007,23(2):151-155.
77.李建武,王蒂,雷武生.干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片膜保护酶系统的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007,3:100-103.
78.周晓慧,Joseph N.Wolukau,李英等.甜瓜蔓枯病抗性与SOD、CAT和POD活性变化的关系[J].中国瓜菜,2007,(2):4-6.
79.彭诚,丁莉.硒对堇叶碎米荠SOD活性等生理特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3502-3504.
80.李晓玲,杨进,骆炳山.活性氧代谢与植物的抗逆性[J].荆门职业技术学院学报,1999,14(3):30-35.
81.Prasad T K.Role of catalase in inducing chilling tolerance in pre-emergent maize seexllings[J].Plant Physiology,1997,114:1369-1376.
82.Gechev L Willekens H,Montagu M v,Inze D,Camp W V,Toneva V,Minkov I.Diferent responses of tobacco antioxidant enzymes to light and chilling stress[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,160:509-515.
83.Tomkias J P,Holl M.Stlm latio bud and shoot development Agroa J.1991,83:577-581.
84.高振生.苜蓿根蘖性状遗传及其生理生态的研究[D].中国农业大学博士研究生论文.1994.30-36.
85.P E Pilet,M Sangy.Elect of applied and endogeaous indol—3—ylacetic acid Onmaize root growth.Planta,1985,164-254.
86.马其,翟志强,刘向新.苜蓿侧根发生与内源激素的变化[J].草地学报,2001,9(1):64-68.
2.李加林,杨晓平,童亿勤.互花米草入侵对潮滩生态系统服务功能的影响及其管理[J].海洋通报,2005,24(5):33-38.
3.李加林,许继琴,张殿发等.杭州湾南岸互花米草盐沼生态系统服务价值评估[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(5):58-63.
4.管永健.安树青.王云静等.我国引种米草的生态效应及生态安全[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27:5-10.
5.环保总局.中国第一批外来入侵物种名单[J].国务院公报2003.23,:41-46.
6.李加林.互花米草海滩生态系统及其综合效益[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2004,17(1):38-42.
7.秦卫华,王智,蒋明康.互花米草对长江口两个湿地自然保护区的入侵[J].杂草科学,2004,(4):15-16.
8.张正仁,经美德,钦佩等.自动沙培装置下互花米草耐盐生理反应初报[J].南京大学学报(增刊),1985:268-279.
9.王慧姬,周鸿彬,宋蓉君等.大米草生物学特性(Ⅰ)叶解剖结构的初步观察[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1979,(3):45-52.
10.邓自发,安树青,智颖飙等.外来种互花米草入侵模式与爆发机制[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2678-2686.
11.肖强,郑海雷,叶文景.水淹对互花米草生长及生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1025-1028.
12.Bertness M D.Zonation of Spartina Patens and S.Altemiflora in a New2England Salt2Marsh.Ecology,1991,72:138-148.
13.徐国万,卓荣宗.我国引种互花米草的初步研究[J].南京大学学报,1985:212-225.
14.Pezeshki S R.Photosynthesis and root growth in Spartina alterniflora in relation to root zone aeration.Photosynthetica,1997,34(1):107-114.
15.刘建,庄志鸿,蔡宣梅.互花米草人工败育技术[J].植物保护,2005,31(1):70-72.
16.孙飒梅.三都湾互花米草的遥感监测[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):223-228.
17.Partridge T R.Spartina in New Zealand.New Zeal[J].Bot.1987,25:567-576.
18.张东,杨明明,李俊祥等.崇明东滩互花米草的无性扩散能力[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2006,(2):130-135.
19.沈永明.江苏省沿海互花米草人工盐沼的分布及效益[J].国土与自然资源研究,2002,(2):45-47.
20.张东,陈小勇.应全面评估大米草在我国沿海地区扩展繁殖带来的利与弊[J].上海建设科技,2005,(1):35-37.
21.梁霞,张利权.赵广琦.芦苇与外来植物互花米草在不同CO2浓度下的光合特性比较[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):842-848.
22.赵广琦,张利权,梁霞.芦苇与入侵植物互花米草的光合特性比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1604-1611.
23.朱晓佳.钦佩.外来种互花米草及米草生态工程[J].海洋科学,2003,27(12):14-19.
24.李加林,张忍顺.互花米草海滩生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的评估——以江苏为例[J].海洋科学,2003,27(10):68-72.
25.张征云,李小宁,孙贻超等.我国海岸滩涂引入大米草的利弊分析[J].农业环境与发展,2004,(1):22-25.
26.许德芝.大米草净化生活污水的研究[J].贵州大学学报(农业与生物科学版),2002,21(2):121-125.
27.刘军普,田志坤.互花米草净化污水的研究.河北环境科学[J].2002,10(2):45-48.
28.周玳,王小蓉,周爱和等.互花米草及大米草对汞富集的初步研究[J].南京大学学报(米草研究进展专辑),1985:116-122.
29.孙书存,朱旭斌,吕超群.外来种米草的生态功能评价与控制[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):93-98.
30.林少秋.用美国互花米草圈养山羊效果试验[J].福建畜牧兽医,2005,27(5):8-9.
31.唐廷贵,张万钧.论中国海岸带大米草生态工程效益与“生态入侵”[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(3):15-20.
32.陈中义,李博,陈家宽.米草属植物入侵的生态后果及管理对策[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):280-289.
33.洪荣标,吕小梅,陈岚等.九龙江口红树林湿地与米草湿地的底栖生物[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):189-194.
34.Thompson J D.The biology of an invasive plant:what makes Spartina anglica so successful Bioscience.1991,41(6):393-401.
35.Anttila C K,Daehler C C,Rank NE,et al.Greater male fitness of a rare invader(Spartina altemiflora, Poaceae)threatens a common native(S.foliosa)with hybridization.Am.J.Bot,1998,85:1597-1601.
36.Daehler C C,Strong D R.Hybridization between introduced smooth cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora,Poaceae)and native California cordgrass(Spartiana foliosa)in San Francisco Bay,California,USA.Am.J.Bot,1997,84(5):607-611.
37.Ayres D R,Garcia2Rossi D,Davis H G,et al.Extent and degree of hybridization between exotic (Spartina alterniflora)and native(S.foliosa)cordgrass(Poaceae)in California,USA determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPDs).Mol.Ecol.,1999,8(7):1179-1189.
38.徐晓军,王华,由文辉.崇明东滩互花米草群落中底栖动物群落动态的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,(2):89-95.
39.陈中义,付萃长.王海毅.互花米草入侵东滩盐沼对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的影响[J].湿地科学.2005.3(1):1-7.
40.Gray A J,Marshall D F,Raybould A F.A century of evolution in Spartina anglica.Advances in Ecological Research,1991,21:1-62.
41.刘建,杜文琴,马丽娜.大米草防除剂——米草净的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(2):410-411.
42.林如求.三都湾大米草和互花米草的危害及治理研究[J].福建地理,1997,12(1):16-19.
43.刘建,黄建华.谨慎引进植物 警惕负面影响[J].植物保护,2002,4:51-53.
44.Department of the interior,U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,Willapa National Wildlife Refuge,Control of smooth cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)on willapa national wildlife refuge Environmental assessment;Washington:[s.n.],1997.
45.Frid CLJ,Chandrasekara WU.1999.The restoration of mud flats in2vaded by common cord2grass (Spartina anglica,CE Hubbard)usingmechanical disturbance and its effects on the macrobenthic fauna [J].Aquatic Conser.Mar.Freshwater Ecosyst.91:47-61.
46.Spartina TF.Spartina Management Program:Integrated Weed Management for Private Lands in Willapa Bay.Washington:[s.n.],1994,47-67.
47.Fate and effects of glyphosate in an estuary——Long-term Fate of glyphosate associated with Reported Redeo Application to Control Smooth Cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)in Willapa Bay,Washington.kevin M.Kilride and fred L.Paveglio.
48.Patten K.Usable alternatives to Rodeo.In:Washington state department of agriculture.Proceedings from the 1999.Spartina eradication post-season review.Olympia Washington:[s.n.],1999,15.
49.Shaw W B,Gosling DS.Spartina ecology,control and eradication- recent New Zealand experience.In: WSU long beach research and extension unit,Long beach WA Washington sea grant second,International Spartina conference proceedings.Olympia Washington:[s.n.],1997,27-33.
50.杜文琴.马丽娜,刘建等.红树林区内互花米草防除技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):154-156.
51.Wu M X,Hacket S,Ayres D,et al..Potential of Prokelisia spp.As biological control agents of Enghlish cordgrass,Spartina anglica.Biological Control,1999,16:267-273.
52.王蔚,张凯,汝少国.米草生物入侵现状及技术研究进展[J].海洋科学,2003,27(7):38-42.
53.Gray A J,Marshall D F,Raybould AF.A century of evolution in Spartina anglica.Advances in Ecological Research,1991,21:1-62.
54.陈玉军,郑松发,廖宝文.珠海市淇澳岛红树林引种扩种问题的探讨[J].广东林业科技,2002,18(2):31-36.
55.张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:39-41.
56.中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海市植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南.北京:科学山版社,2004:127-128.
57.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:184-185.
58.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:192-194.
59.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社.2006:172-173.
60.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:167-168.
61.王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:170-171.
62.迟文峰,崔国文.不同刈割次数对紫花苜蓿根系中可溶性糖含量及越冬率影响的研究[J].四川草原.2006.3:4-6.
63.秦勇,姚军,曹天宇.加工用番茄植株浸提液对其幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(6):336-340.
64.刘浩荣,宋海星,刘代平等.油菜茎叶可溶性糖与游离氨基酸含量的动态变化[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):123-126.
65.谭勇,梁宗锁,王渭玲等.氮、磷、钾营养对膜荚黄芪幼苗根系活力和游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):0478-0483.
66.於丙军,章文华,刘友良.NaCl对大麦幼苗根系蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(4):439-445.
67.刘胜群.宋凤斌.玉米生殖生长期根系主要游离氨基酸含量分析[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):35-37.
68.Scandalios J G.Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases[J].Plant Physiology,1993,101:7-12.
69.Mishra N P.Mishra R K,Singhal G S.Changes in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat lea vesto strong visible light at different temperatures in the present of protein synthesis inhibitors[J].Plant Physiology,1993,102:903.
70.Smirnoff N.The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation[J].New Phytologist,1993,125:27.
71.梁慧敏,夏阳,王太明.植物抗寒冻、抗旱、耐盐基因工程研究进展[J].草业学报,2003,12(3):1-7.
72.王保莉,杨春,曲东.环境因素对小麦苗期SOD、MDA及可溶性蛋白的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,12(6):72-77.
73.吴志华,曾富华,马生健等.ABA对PEG胁迫下狗牙根可溶性蛋白质的影响[J].草业学报,2004,13(5):75-78.
74.刘蕾,何聪芬,董银卯等.不同胁迫对美花兰幼苗活性氧代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2007,(9):154-156.
75.孙学成,谭启玲,胡承孝等.低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(5):952-956.
76.毕会涛,黄付强,邱林等.干旱胁迫对灰枣保护性酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].中国农学通报.2007,23(2):151-155.
77.李建武,王蒂,雷武生.干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片膜保护酶系统的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007,3:100-103.
78.周晓慧,Joseph N.Wolukau,李英等.甜瓜蔓枯病抗性与SOD、CAT和POD活性变化的关系[J].中国瓜菜,2007,(2):4-6.
79.彭诚,丁莉.硒对堇叶碎米荠SOD活性等生理特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3502-3504.
80.李晓玲,杨进,骆炳山.活性氧代谢与植物的抗逆性[J].荆门职业技术学院学报,1999,14(3):30-35.
81.Prasad T K.Role of catalase in inducing chilling tolerance in pre-emergent maize seexllings[J].Plant Physiology,1997,114:1369-1376.
82.Gechev L Willekens H,Montagu M v,Inze D,Camp W V,Toneva V,Minkov I.Diferent responses of tobacco antioxidant enzymes to light and chilling stress[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,160:509-515.
83.Tomkias J P,Holl M.Stlm latio bud and shoot development Agroa J.1991,83:577-581.
84.高振生.苜蓿根蘖性状遗传及其生理生态的研究[D].中国农业大学博士研究生论文.1994.30-36.
85.P E Pilet,M Sangy.Elect of applied and endogeaous indol—3—ylacetic acid Onmaize root growth.Planta,1985,164-254.
86.马其,翟志强,刘向新.苜蓿侧根发生与内源激素的变化[J].草地学报,2001,9(1):64-68.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |