港口物流能力与绩效相关性的实证研究
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摘要
在供应链一体化环境下,作为关键节点之一的港口希望依托其特有的物流能力以取得市场竞争上的优势与绩效上的全面提升。而面临着日益激烈的市场竞争环境以及不断变化的经济社会外部环境,港口物流能力及港口绩效的内涵与外延都发生了重大的变化,集装箱港口及所在的供应链之间也呈现出全方位的竞争态势。因此,在新形势下,全面解读港口物流能力构成要素,探讨港口物流能力之于竞争优势以及港口绩效的作用机理,不管是对于港口经营者,还是港口利益相关者,具有重要的理论参考价值和多方共赢的实践意义。
通过本文关注领域的文献综述以及港口物流服务现状分析可以发现,当前国内外对于港口物流细分领域的能力及相关绩效研究的关注与深度明显不足,也不够全面系统。在国内港口物流研究领域,对于港口综合性绩效以及港口物流能力的研究更是滞后于行业实践的发展与创新。而与此同时,港口实施的物流战略已经成为各国集装箱港口发展战略的重要组成部分,进而成为各个港口提升国际竞争力,取得良好港口绩效的有效路径。
为此,本文以国内主要集装箱港口为研究对象,重点关注集装箱港口的物流能力与绩效主题,在系统性分析与充分调查研究的基础上研究探讨新形势下港口物流能力、港口竞争优势以及港口绩效等三个核心抽象因素的评价测量模型。随后,基于验证性分析的思路进一步假设并验证了港口物流能力、港口竞争优势及港口绩效三者之间的路径关系模型。
在实证研究过程中,本文通过预研究和大规模调查研究等二阶段的实证分析,借助于SPSS及AMOS等统计分析软件工具,基于结构方程模型理论及方法,完成了验证性因子分析、路径分析等主要统计与分析工作。结合系统性综述分析与实证研究,本文得出如下主要结论：
其一,全球化物流与供应链一体化背景下的港口物流能力构成要素之中,除了必备的装卸设备与设施等硬件实力之外,更需要重视由物流战略及配置实力、集成与一体化能力、运作与管理能力及敏捷应变能力等组成的软性要素能力。在新的市场竞争之下,随着客户导向与服务导向的日益凸显,软件要素能力在提升港口物流能力方面将扮演更重要的角色。
其二,效益型的港口绩效已经成为衡量港口全面绩效的重要组成部分。随着港口从传统装卸生产逐渐发展到成为集装卸生产商、物流服务提供者、资本运营者等多种业务及身份于一体,并发展成为港口供应链上的关键节点,港口绩效的衡量已经突破了传统的效率型绩效或纯粹财务型绩效的界限。港口在完成生产、实现收入的同时,通过对所在城市地区经济社会等多层面的贡献,也日益成为港口全面绩效的评判标尺。本文实证研究的结果正是验证了上述现实。
第三,港口物流能力和港口绩效之间存在着显著的正相关作用,即港口物流能力的提高可以直接提升港口的绩效水平。在港口物流的诸多组成要素当中,一体化集成能力对于提升港口绩效(尤其是满意度绩效)有着重要贡献,这也印证了当前港口物流研究的重要背景前提,即在发展港口物流时,港口日益融入所在的供应链,成为港口及物流供应链上的重要节点。
第四,港口的竞争优势对于港口绩效有着直接的正向促进作用。而港口物流能力的改善同样可以提高港口的市场竞争优势。即港口物流能力除了可以直接正向影响港口绩效之外,港口物流能力可以通过扩大的竞争优势而间接实现港口全面绩效水平的提升,即港口物流能力的改善可以通过竞争市场上的优异表现而转化为港口在生产、财务及社会等多方面的绩效提升。
As one of the key nodes of supply chain, container ports place their expectation of more competitive advantages and performance improvement on the exploration of their extinctive logistics capabilities in the circumstance of on-going integration of supply chain in logistics and port fields. Whereas, be faced with the increasingly fierce competition in shipping and transportation market as well as the ever-changing macro-economic and social context, the connotation and denotation of port logistics capabilities and port performance have been undergoing significant changes. Meanwhile, the competition between the container ports and the supply chains in which they involved is presented in an all-directional, multitiered and wide-ranging arena. As a result, the comprehensive decoding of the port logistics capabilities and the quantitative exploration of mechanism between the former with synthetic port performance pose a long-run implications and reference for the port operators and the stakeholders of port business.
By this article focusing on the field through literature review and the port logistics service status analysis, we can be found,, we can found that the current the ability of domestic and foreign to port logistics segment field and related performance study of attention and depth obviously deficiencies, also not comprehensive system. In domestic port logistics research fields, the research of comprehensive performance and the port logistics capability lags behind the development of the industry practice and innovation. And at the same time, the implementing logistics strategy of port has become an important constituent in the world container port development strategy, then become the effective approach of ports improving the international competitiveness and ports achieving good performance.
Therefore, this paper making container port in China as the research object, focuses on the container ports logistics capability and performance theme. In system analysis and fully on the basis of investigation, it discusses three core abstract factor assessment measurement models in the port logistics capability of new situation, port competitive advantages and port performance and so on. Then, based on the analysis of the verification thought, this article is further assumed and verified three path relationship models with the port logistics capability, port competitive advantage and port performance.
On the research process, through the two stages empirical analysis of the beforehand research and large-scale research, by the SPSS, AMOS and other statistical analysis software tools, based on structure equation model theory and method, this article completes the main statistics and analysis such as confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and so on. Combined with the systematic review analysis and empirical studies, this paper is concluded that the main conclusions are as follows:
First, port logistics capability of elements under the background of global logistics and supply chain integration, in addition to the necessary loading and unloading equipment, facilities and other hardware strength besides, more needs to pay attention to the soft elements ability included of the logistics strategy by and configuration strength, integration and integration ability, operation and management ability and agile strain ability and so on. Under the new market competition, as customer orientation and service orientation increasingly prominent, the software elements ability will play a more important role in the promoting port logistics capability.
Second, the performance of the efficient port has become an important part to measure the comprehensive performance of the port. Along with the port gradually developing from traditional loading and unloading production to the integration of loading and unloading manufacturers, logistics service provider, capital operators and so on. And it is becoming a key node of a port supply chain, the measure of port performance has broke the limit of the traditional performance or pure financial performance. While it is completing the production and realizing revenue, its contribution to the economy and society also becomes increasingly comprehensive performance evaluation of the port. The result of empirical research in this paper validated the reality.
Third, port logistics capability and port performance has a significant positive correlation function, namely the ability of port logistics can improve the port performance level directly. In many of the elements of port logistics, integrated ability to improve the port performance (especially satisfaction performance) has an important contribution, and this is also proved the important port logistics background premise, that in the development of port logistics, port becoming more integrated into the supply chain, as the important node of port and logistics supply chain.
Fourth, the competitive advantage is beneficial to the performance of the port. Besides, the improvement of the logistics capability can also increase the competitive. superiorities. That means, port logistics capability in addition to direct positive influence on the performance of the port outside, it can indirectly realize level of ascent in the all-round performance of port by expanding competitive advantage. Namely the ability of port logistics can be improved through competition market outstanding performance and transform into port various performance improvement in production, finance and society and so on.
通过本文关注领域的文献综述以及港口物流服务现状分析可以发现,当前国内外对于港口物流细分领域的能力及相关绩效研究的关注与深度明显不足,也不够全面系统。在国内港口物流研究领域,对于港口综合性绩效以及港口物流能力的研究更是滞后于行业实践的发展与创新。而与此同时,港口实施的物流战略已经成为各国集装箱港口发展战略的重要组成部分,进而成为各个港口提升国际竞争力,取得良好港口绩效的有效路径。
为此,本文以国内主要集装箱港口为研究对象,重点关注集装箱港口的物流能力与绩效主题,在系统性分析与充分调查研究的基础上研究探讨新形势下港口物流能力、港口竞争优势以及港口绩效等三个核心抽象因素的评价测量模型。随后,基于验证性分析的思路进一步假设并验证了港口物流能力、港口竞争优势及港口绩效三者之间的路径关系模型。
在实证研究过程中,本文通过预研究和大规模调查研究等二阶段的实证分析,借助于SPSS及AMOS等统计分析软件工具,基于结构方程模型理论及方法,完成了验证性因子分析、路径分析等主要统计与分析工作。结合系统性综述分析与实证研究,本文得出如下主要结论：
其一,全球化物流与供应链一体化背景下的港口物流能力构成要素之中,除了必备的装卸设备与设施等硬件实力之外,更需要重视由物流战略及配置实力、集成与一体化能力、运作与管理能力及敏捷应变能力等组成的软性要素能力。在新的市场竞争之下,随着客户导向与服务导向的日益凸显,软件要素能力在提升港口物流能力方面将扮演更重要的角色。
其二,效益型的港口绩效已经成为衡量港口全面绩效的重要组成部分。随着港口从传统装卸生产逐渐发展到成为集装卸生产商、物流服务提供者、资本运营者等多种业务及身份于一体,并发展成为港口供应链上的关键节点,港口绩效的衡量已经突破了传统的效率型绩效或纯粹财务型绩效的界限。港口在完成生产、实现收入的同时,通过对所在城市地区经济社会等多层面的贡献,也日益成为港口全面绩效的评判标尺。本文实证研究的结果正是验证了上述现实。
第三,港口物流能力和港口绩效之间存在着显著的正相关作用,即港口物流能力的提高可以直接提升港口的绩效水平。在港口物流的诸多组成要素当中,一体化集成能力对于提升港口绩效(尤其是满意度绩效)有着重要贡献,这也印证了当前港口物流研究的重要背景前提,即在发展港口物流时,港口日益融入所在的供应链,成为港口及物流供应链上的重要节点。
第四,港口的竞争优势对于港口绩效有着直接的正向促进作用。而港口物流能力的改善同样可以提高港口的市场竞争优势。即港口物流能力除了可以直接正向影响港口绩效之外,港口物流能力可以通过扩大的竞争优势而间接实现港口全面绩效水平的提升,即港口物流能力的改善可以通过竞争市场上的优异表现而转化为港口在生产、财务及社会等多方面的绩效提升。
As one of the key nodes of supply chain, container ports place their expectation of more competitive advantages and performance improvement on the exploration of their extinctive logistics capabilities in the circumstance of on-going integration of supply chain in logistics and port fields. Whereas, be faced with the increasingly fierce competition in shipping and transportation market as well as the ever-changing macro-economic and social context, the connotation and denotation of port logistics capabilities and port performance have been undergoing significant changes. Meanwhile, the competition between the container ports and the supply chains in which they involved is presented in an all-directional, multitiered and wide-ranging arena. As a result, the comprehensive decoding of the port logistics capabilities and the quantitative exploration of mechanism between the former with synthetic port performance pose a long-run implications and reference for the port operators and the stakeholders of port business.
By this article focusing on the field through literature review and the port logistics service status analysis, we can be found,, we can found that the current the ability of domestic and foreign to port logistics segment field and related performance study of attention and depth obviously deficiencies, also not comprehensive system. In domestic port logistics research fields, the research of comprehensive performance and the port logistics capability lags behind the development of the industry practice and innovation. And at the same time, the implementing logistics strategy of port has become an important constituent in the world container port development strategy, then become the effective approach of ports improving the international competitiveness and ports achieving good performance.
Therefore, this paper making container port in China as the research object, focuses on the container ports logistics capability and performance theme. In system analysis and fully on the basis of investigation, it discusses three core abstract factor assessment measurement models in the port logistics capability of new situation, port competitive advantages and port performance and so on. Then, based on the analysis of the verification thought, this article is further assumed and verified three path relationship models with the port logistics capability, port competitive advantage and port performance.
On the research process, through the two stages empirical analysis of the beforehand research and large-scale research, by the SPSS, AMOS and other statistical analysis software tools, based on structure equation model theory and method, this article completes the main statistics and analysis such as confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and so on. Combined with the systematic review analysis and empirical studies, this paper is concluded that the main conclusions are as follows:
First, port logistics capability of elements under the background of global logistics and supply chain integration, in addition to the necessary loading and unloading equipment, facilities and other hardware strength besides, more needs to pay attention to the soft elements ability included of the logistics strategy by and configuration strength, integration and integration ability, operation and management ability and agile strain ability and so on. Under the new market competition, as customer orientation and service orientation increasingly prominent, the software elements ability will play a more important role in the promoting port logistics capability.
Second, the performance of the efficient port has become an important part to measure the comprehensive performance of the port. Along with the port gradually developing from traditional loading and unloading production to the integration of loading and unloading manufacturers, logistics service provider, capital operators and so on. And it is becoming a key node of a port supply chain, the measure of port performance has broke the limit of the traditional performance or pure financial performance. While it is completing the production and realizing revenue, its contribution to the economy and society also becomes increasingly comprehensive performance evaluation of the port. The result of empirical research in this paper validated the reality.
Third, port logistics capability and port performance has a significant positive correlation function, namely the ability of port logistics can improve the port performance level directly. In many of the elements of port logistics, integrated ability to improve the port performance (especially satisfaction performance) has an important contribution, and this is also proved the important port logistics background premise, that in the development of port logistics, port becoming more integrated into the supply chain, as the important node of port and logistics supply chain.
Fourth, the competitive advantage is beneficial to the performance of the port. Besides, the improvement of the logistics capability can also increase the competitive. superiorities. That means, port logistics capability in addition to direct positive influence on the performance of the port outside, it can indirectly realize level of ascent in the all-round performance of port by expanding competitive advantage. Namely the ability of port logistics can be improved through competition market outstanding performance and transform into port various performance improvement in production, finance and society and so on.
引文
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