北黄海大型底栖动物的拖网调查研究
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摘要
在北黄海(120.869°E-121.163°E;36.95°N-38.73°N)共进行4个航次的大型底栖动物拖网调查,分别是2006年7-8月(夏季)、2007年1月(冬季)、2007年4月(春季)、2007年10月(秋季),每个航次调查设13个站位,本文根据4个航次底拖网调查数据,对北黄海大型底栖动物种类组成、数量分布、生物多样性及其季节变化进行叙述和讨论,并对优势种的种类组成和分布进行了分析。在此基础上通过CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS排序结果对大型底栖动物群落结构进行了划分。
本文研究的主要结果如下:
(1)北黄海大型底栖动物种类组成比较稳定,其中冬季和春季稳定性较好。各个类群的底栖生物种类季节更替率相差较大,鱼类种类组成最不稳定,平均种类季节更替率最大。
(2)优势种的平面分布:深水区以冷水性高盐种类为主,其中萨氏真蛇尾占绝对优势,近岸海域种类组成较丰富,优势种的优势度不明显。优势种总季节更替率比较稳定,其中鱼类优势种的季节更替率最大,棘皮动物最小。
(3)平均网获量最高的是春季,其次是夏季和冬季,网获量最小的是秋季。平均网获量的平面分布深水区远高于近岸,分析表明平均网获量的分布与水深呈极显著正相关。
(4)腔肠动物(主要是须毛高龄细指海葵和细指海葵)对网获量的贡献高于甲壳和软体两大类群。由于海葵耐污能力较强,因此常见于污损生物调查报告中,北黄海海葵的大量捕获,可能是海洋环境变化的信号。
(5)生物多样性特征指数总体偏低,平面分布总体上近岸站位高于深水区站位,个别站位在不同季节生物多样性指数变化较大,从而导致群落结构发生重叠。
(6)通过CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS排序结果可将北黄海大型底栖动物分成3个群落,群落Ⅰ:脊腹褐虾-砂海星-泥脚隆背蟹群落,以近岸广温低盐种类为主;群落Ⅱ:萨氏真蛇尾-细指海葵-枯瘦突眼蟹群落,以冷水性高盐种类为主;群落Ⅲ:奇异指纹蛤-萨氏真蛇尾-隆背黄道蟹群落。
The systematical research has been carried out based on the composition and distribution of species,quantity variations,biodiversity and community structure of macrobenthos mainly from the date of surveys of 4 cruises from July 2006 to October 2007 in the North Yellow Sea.The samples were collected by bottom trawling.
Major conclusions from the research are the below:
1. It was of stablization of the composition of macrofauna in North Yellow Sea, especially for the one in winter and spring. Great disparity of replacing rate between seasons in different macrofaustic groups was observed. Among all macrofaustic groups, the greatest flucutation of species compostion was observed in fish group and the average replacing rate between seasons was the greatest one.
2. Horizontal distribution of dominant species: The cold water and high salinity species, Ophiura sarsi was absolute dominant in the deep water area.In the coastal waters richness of species composition and dominance was not obvious. The subrogation rate of fish is, the largest. That of Echinoderms, is the smallest. Total subrogation rate of dominant species is steady.
3. During the surveys, mean catch per haul in Spring was the highest, in Summer was the second highest,in Winter was the third and in Autumn the lowest。It was lower in the coastal of LiaoDong Peninsula and ShanDong Peninsula。analysis showed that the distribution of mean catch per haul and water depth was very significant positive correlation.
4.Coelenterate(main specie was Metridium sensile fimbriatum) was more than two groups Crustaceans and Mollusc in the contribution of the mean catch per haul. Trawl surveys at the end of the previous rare reports on the Coelenterate, tolerance ability as a result of sea Actiniaria, so fouling organisms commonly found in the investigation report, the North Yellow Sea captured a large number of Actiniaria may be a signal change in the marine environment.
5.The overall index of biodiversity characteristics is on the low side. Inshore is higher than deep sea area in the horizontal distribution of biodiversity. individual stations' index of biodiversity significant variations were observed in different seasons,resulting in overlapping community structure.
6.According to the CLUSTER and MDS analysis, three assemblages of macrobenthos were classifed: Assemblage 1: Crangon affinis- Luidia quinaria- Carcinoplax vestitus, Assemblages 2: Ophiura sarsi - Metridium Oregonia gracilis, Assemblages 3: Acila mirabilis- Ophiura sarsi - Cancer gibbosulus.
本文研究的主要结果如下:
(1)北黄海大型底栖动物种类组成比较稳定,其中冬季和春季稳定性较好。各个类群的底栖生物种类季节更替率相差较大,鱼类种类组成最不稳定,平均种类季节更替率最大。
(2)优势种的平面分布:深水区以冷水性高盐种类为主,其中萨氏真蛇尾占绝对优势,近岸海域种类组成较丰富,优势种的优势度不明显。优势种总季节更替率比较稳定,其中鱼类优势种的季节更替率最大,棘皮动物最小。
(3)平均网获量最高的是春季,其次是夏季和冬季,网获量最小的是秋季。平均网获量的平面分布深水区远高于近岸,分析表明平均网获量的分布与水深呈极显著正相关。
(4)腔肠动物(主要是须毛高龄细指海葵和细指海葵)对网获量的贡献高于甲壳和软体两大类群。由于海葵耐污能力较强,因此常见于污损生物调查报告中,北黄海海葵的大量捕获,可能是海洋环境变化的信号。
(5)生物多样性特征指数总体偏低,平面分布总体上近岸站位高于深水区站位,个别站位在不同季节生物多样性指数变化较大,从而导致群落结构发生重叠。
(6)通过CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS排序结果可将北黄海大型底栖动物分成3个群落,群落Ⅰ:脊腹褐虾-砂海星-泥脚隆背蟹群落,以近岸广温低盐种类为主;群落Ⅱ:萨氏真蛇尾-细指海葵-枯瘦突眼蟹群落,以冷水性高盐种类为主;群落Ⅲ:奇异指纹蛤-萨氏真蛇尾-隆背黄道蟹群落。
The systematical research has been carried out based on the composition and distribution of species,quantity variations,biodiversity and community structure of macrobenthos mainly from the date of surveys of 4 cruises from July 2006 to October 2007 in the North Yellow Sea.The samples were collected by bottom trawling.
Major conclusions from the research are the below:
1. It was of stablization of the composition of macrofauna in North Yellow Sea, especially for the one in winter and spring. Great disparity of replacing rate between seasons in different macrofaustic groups was observed. Among all macrofaustic groups, the greatest flucutation of species compostion was observed in fish group and the average replacing rate between seasons was the greatest one.
2. Horizontal distribution of dominant species: The cold water and high salinity species, Ophiura sarsi was absolute dominant in the deep water area.In the coastal waters richness of species composition and dominance was not obvious. The subrogation rate of fish is, the largest. That of Echinoderms, is the smallest. Total subrogation rate of dominant species is steady.
3. During the surveys, mean catch per haul in Spring was the highest, in Summer was the second highest,in Winter was the third and in Autumn the lowest。It was lower in the coastal of LiaoDong Peninsula and ShanDong Peninsula。analysis showed that the distribution of mean catch per haul and water depth was very significant positive correlation.
4.Coelenterate(main specie was Metridium sensile fimbriatum) was more than two groups Crustaceans and Mollusc in the contribution of the mean catch per haul. Trawl surveys at the end of the previous rare reports on the Coelenterate, tolerance ability as a result of sea Actiniaria, so fouling organisms commonly found in the investigation report, the North Yellow Sea captured a large number of Actiniaria may be a signal change in the marine environment.
5.The overall index of biodiversity characteristics is on the low side. Inshore is higher than deep sea area in the horizontal distribution of biodiversity. individual stations' index of biodiversity significant variations were observed in different seasons,resulting in overlapping community structure.
6.According to the CLUSTER and MDS analysis, three assemblages of macrobenthos were classifed: Assemblage 1: Crangon affinis- Luidia quinaria- Carcinoplax vestitus, Assemblages 2: Ophiura sarsi - Metridium Oregonia gracilis, Assemblages 3: Acila mirabilis- Ophiura sarsi - Cancer gibbosulus.
引文
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[6]杜兵,张义钧,单毅春,等.北黄海底层冷水团的变化特征及其对外长山岛海区养殖扇贝死亡的影响[J].海洋通报,1996,15(4):25-35.
[7]乐肯堂,毛汗礼.南黄海冬季温盐结构及其流系[J].海洋与湖沼,1990,21(6):505-515.
[8]张启龙,翁学传,扬玉玲.南黄海春季水团分析[J].海洋与湖沼.1996,27(4):421- 428.
[9]任慧军,詹杰明.黄海冷水团的季节变化特征及其形成机制研究[J].水动力学研究与进展.2005,20(12):888-896
[10]刘爱菊,尹逊福,卢铭,1984.黄海潮汐特征(II).黄渤海海洋,2(2):24-27.
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[11]中国海洋渔业环境[M].浙江科学技术出版社,1987
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