蓝色经济与蓝色经济区发展研究
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摘要
伴随着世界海洋经济的发展以及人们对海洋认识的深化,以海洋经济为主体的“蓝色经济”正日益成为各国实施可持续发展战略的重要领域,国内江苏沿海、辽宁沿海、海峡西岸、黄河三角洲等区域发展规划已经上升为国家战略,2009年胡锦涛总书记提出“打造山东半岛蓝色经济区”的战略构想,蓝色经济和蓝色经济区建设已经成为广受关注的热点。而目前对蓝色经济方面的研究尚处于分散、不成体系的初始阶段。本文正是在理论和实践的推动下,从可持续发展的视角进行蓝色经济和蓝色经济区的研究,意在为我国蓝色经济区建设提供理论支撑和参考。
本文在对国内外蓝色经济和蓝色经济区相关研究成果汇总评述的基础上,从区域经济发展、海洋经济可持续发展和产业经济学等理论层面探讨蓝色经济和蓝色经济区研究的理论依据和方法论问题,并对国际不同层次蓝色经济区规划思路、发展方向和发展路径等的经验和规律进行总结,以此为参照,从发展基础、总体思路、空间布局、现代蓝色产业体系构建、政策和保障体系方面绘制了中国蓝色经济和蓝色经济区发展的基本理论框架。进一步地,提出了山东半岛蓝色经济区发展战略构想,并以威海作为区域蓝色经济区建设的典型研究样本,结合国际蓝色经济区发展规律和中国蓝色经济区发展的理论逻辑,对威海目前发展蓝色经济,建设蓝色经济区情况进行了实证分析,并针对其现阶段存在的若干瓶颈因素,从理念矫正、规划循环、产业深化、政策完善等方面对其未来发展的基本方向和政策支持要点做了探讨。
本文的创新点,一是在全面检讨和比较各国海洋经济区建设经验的基础上,运用区域经济学、产业经济学和发展经济学的基本理论和方法,在多学科的视角上,建立起了一个初步的中国蓝色经济区发展理论框架,提出了有针对性的山东半岛蓝色经济区发展战略构想。二是将海洋生态与海洋经济可持续发展、海陆统筹发展的思想贯穿于所建立的蓝色经济区框架,这是对以往海洋经济区发展理念的一个突破。三是全面梳理有关蓝色经济相关问题的国际国内前沿文献,对蓝色经济的发展演化及发展经验进行分析总结,为该领域的进一步研究做了一些开创性的基础工作。
论文的不足之处,由于各方在蓝色经济区范畴等问题上有诸多分歧,缺乏统一的标准和指标,数据和资料收集困难,因此只能是探索性地提出自己的观点,所建立的蓝色经济区框架还有待进一步完善。
With the rapid development of the world marine economy and people's deepening understanding of the oceans, Blue Economy, with marine economy as its main part, is becoming an important area for countries all the world in implementing sustainable development strategy. In China, coastal area of Jiangsu and Liaoning, west bank of the Taiwan Strait, Yellow River Delta and other regional development planning have risen as national strategies. In 2009, General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward "Building Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone" strategic concept. Blue Economy and building Blue Economic Zone has become a popular focus of attention. The current study of the Blue Economy is still in a scattered and immethodical primary stage. Driven by theory and practice, through theoretical and empirical research, this article aims at providing a theoretical support and reference for developing Blue Economy and building Blue Economic Zone in China.
Based on related research and reviews of Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zones at home and abroad, this thesis discusses theoretical basis and methodology of Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zones from such theoretical perspectives as regional economic development, sustainable development of marine economy and industry economic. It also summarizes the experience and laws of planning, development direction and path of Blue Economic Zone at different levels internationally. Referring on this, it figures out a basic theoretical framework of China's Blue Economic Zone development from the aspects of development basis, general ideas, space layout, modern blue industrial system building, policies and security system. Further put forward the strategic image of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and taking Weihai as a typical research case of regional Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zone development, combining development laws of international Blue Economic Zones and theoretical logic of Blue Economic Zones development in China, this paper also conducts an empirical assessment on the Blue Economic Zone planning and development in Weihai. To cope with a number of bottlenecks at the present stage, it discusses the basic direction and main points of policy support for the future development from the aspects of concept correction, planning cycle, industrial deepening, policy systems, etc.
The innovation of this paper is reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, based on the comprehensive review and comparison of experience in building national marine economic zone in different countries, through the use of the basic theory and methods on regional economy, this paper creates an elementary Blue Economic Zone framework in a multi-disciplinary perspective and put forward a pertinent strategic image of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone. Secondly, the integration of marine ecological sustainability and sustainable development of marine economy in the established Blue Economic Zone framework, is a breakthrough compared with the previous planning of marine economic zone. Thirdly, by an all-around review of domestic and international frontier documents concerning related issues on Blue Economy, this paper analyses and summarises evolution and experience of the Blue Economy development abroad, and carries out some pioneering basic work for further research in this area.
Inadequacies of this paper are as follows. Due to different views on the concept of Blue Economic Zones, and lack of uniform standards and indicators, data and information gathering is difficult. Thus, the views put forward in this paper are exploratory, and the Blue Economic Zone framework established is still to be improved in theory.
本文在对国内外蓝色经济和蓝色经济区相关研究成果汇总评述的基础上,从区域经济发展、海洋经济可持续发展和产业经济学等理论层面探讨蓝色经济和蓝色经济区研究的理论依据和方法论问题,并对国际不同层次蓝色经济区规划思路、发展方向和发展路径等的经验和规律进行总结,以此为参照,从发展基础、总体思路、空间布局、现代蓝色产业体系构建、政策和保障体系方面绘制了中国蓝色经济和蓝色经济区发展的基本理论框架。进一步地,提出了山东半岛蓝色经济区发展战略构想,并以威海作为区域蓝色经济区建设的典型研究样本,结合国际蓝色经济区发展规律和中国蓝色经济区发展的理论逻辑,对威海目前发展蓝色经济,建设蓝色经济区情况进行了实证分析,并针对其现阶段存在的若干瓶颈因素,从理念矫正、规划循环、产业深化、政策完善等方面对其未来发展的基本方向和政策支持要点做了探讨。
本文的创新点,一是在全面检讨和比较各国海洋经济区建设经验的基础上,运用区域经济学、产业经济学和发展经济学的基本理论和方法,在多学科的视角上,建立起了一个初步的中国蓝色经济区发展理论框架,提出了有针对性的山东半岛蓝色经济区发展战略构想。二是将海洋生态与海洋经济可持续发展、海陆统筹发展的思想贯穿于所建立的蓝色经济区框架,这是对以往海洋经济区发展理念的一个突破。三是全面梳理有关蓝色经济相关问题的国际国内前沿文献,对蓝色经济的发展演化及发展经验进行分析总结,为该领域的进一步研究做了一些开创性的基础工作。
论文的不足之处,由于各方在蓝色经济区范畴等问题上有诸多分歧,缺乏统一的标准和指标,数据和资料收集困难,因此只能是探索性地提出自己的观点,所建立的蓝色经济区框架还有待进一步完善。
With the rapid development of the world marine economy and people's deepening understanding of the oceans, Blue Economy, with marine economy as its main part, is becoming an important area for countries all the world in implementing sustainable development strategy. In China, coastal area of Jiangsu and Liaoning, west bank of the Taiwan Strait, Yellow River Delta and other regional development planning have risen as national strategies. In 2009, General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward "Building Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone" strategic concept. Blue Economy and building Blue Economic Zone has become a popular focus of attention. The current study of the Blue Economy is still in a scattered and immethodical primary stage. Driven by theory and practice, through theoretical and empirical research, this article aims at providing a theoretical support and reference for developing Blue Economy and building Blue Economic Zone in China.
Based on related research and reviews of Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zones at home and abroad, this thesis discusses theoretical basis and methodology of Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zones from such theoretical perspectives as regional economic development, sustainable development of marine economy and industry economic. It also summarizes the experience and laws of planning, development direction and path of Blue Economic Zone at different levels internationally. Referring on this, it figures out a basic theoretical framework of China's Blue Economic Zone development from the aspects of development basis, general ideas, space layout, modern blue industrial system building, policies and security system. Further put forward the strategic image of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and taking Weihai as a typical research case of regional Blue Economy and Blue Economic Zone development, combining development laws of international Blue Economic Zones and theoretical logic of Blue Economic Zones development in China, this paper also conducts an empirical assessment on the Blue Economic Zone planning and development in Weihai. To cope with a number of bottlenecks at the present stage, it discusses the basic direction and main points of policy support for the future development from the aspects of concept correction, planning cycle, industrial deepening, policy systems, etc.
The innovation of this paper is reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, based on the comprehensive review and comparison of experience in building national marine economic zone in different countries, through the use of the basic theory and methods on regional economy, this paper creates an elementary Blue Economic Zone framework in a multi-disciplinary perspective and put forward a pertinent strategic image of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone. Secondly, the integration of marine ecological sustainability and sustainable development of marine economy in the established Blue Economic Zone framework, is a breakthrough compared with the previous planning of marine economic zone. Thirdly, by an all-around review of domestic and international frontier documents concerning related issues on Blue Economy, this paper analyses and summarises evolution and experience of the Blue Economy development abroad, and carries out some pioneering basic work for further research in this area.
Inadequacies of this paper are as follows. Due to different views on the concept of Blue Economic Zones, and lack of uniform standards and indicators, data and information gathering is difficult. Thus, the views put forward in this paper are exploratory, and the Blue Economic Zone framework established is still to be improved in theory.
引文
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[24]如果一个区域的主导产业部门主要由处在创新阶段的新兴部门组成,则说明该地区具有发展潜力,将其称为高梯度地区：相反,如果一个区域的主导部门都是由处在成熟阶段后期或衰退阶段的衰落部门组成,则可预示这一地区的衰退,因此将其列为低梯度地区。
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[32]该方法参考：黄跃进,唐锦春,孙柄楠.基于GIS的综合经济区划分方法研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000,30(1)：152-154。
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[20] K. G. Myrdal. Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, Duckworth Press,1957, pp.26.
[21]卡尔多：《区域政策案例分析》,《苏格兰政治经济杂志》,1970,17：337-347,转引自魏后凯：《西方区域经济发展理论》,《开发研究》,1990(05)。
[22]Hirschman, A. O. The Strategy of Economic Development, New Haven:Yale University Press,1958.
[24]如果一个区域的主导产业部门主要由处在创新阶段的新兴部门组成,则说明该地区具有发展潜力,将其称为高梯度地区：相反,如果一个区域的主导部门都是由处在成熟阶段后期或衰退阶段的衰落部门组成,则可预示这一地区的衰退,因此将其列为低梯度地区。
[25] Williamson, J. G. Regional Inequality and the Process of National Development:A Description of the Patterns. Econom Development and Cultural Change, Vol.13, No.4,1965.
[32]该方法参考：黄跃进,唐锦春,孙柄楠.基于GIS的综合经济区划分方法研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000,30(1)：152-154。
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178《山东省海洋与渔业统计手册》,2009
179汤光仿：《强化海洋综合管理加快建设海洋经济强市》,《海洋开发与管理》,2008,(10)
180汤光仿：《强化海洋综合管理加快发展海洋经济》,《齐鲁渔业》,2008,(11)
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183《威海市委、市政府关于打造威海蓝色经济区的实施意见》,2009年7月
184《威海蓝色经济区建设总体规划》,2009年12月
185《威海市委、市政府关于建设威海高端产业聚集区的实施意见》,2009年7月