含蜡原油管道加剂运行优化研究
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摘要
本文对含蜡原油管道加剂运行进行了优化研究,由于管道所输送的介质是加剂含蜡原油,因此首先需要对油品的流变特性及加剂效果进行研究,主要针对新疆原油,分析了新疆原油的流变特性、对降凝剂进行了筛选、通过实验测得了新疆各地区原油在加剂前后的流变参数、分析了管输工况对降凝剂效果的影响并得出了结论、测得了加降凝剂后管道的运行参数。为了验证室内实验的研究结果,在三化输油管道上进行了现场工业性试验。且对新疆原油进行了添加减阻剂效果的研究,首先对减阻剂进行了初选,以新疆0#原油和彩南原油为试验对象,得出了加入不同减阻剂情况下的减阻率,通过对试验数据的分析,得出了结论;最后在克独输油管道上进行了现场试验,比较分析了两种减阻剂对该管道的增输效果,以及在管道输量一定的情况下,测得了两种减阻剂的不同注入量。
然后,对原油蜡沉积规律进行了研究。研究了新疆原油的蜡沉积规律,选择了研究蜡沉积规律的试验装置,推导了不同流变特性及流态下,蜡沉积厚度的计算公式。以陆梁原油为例,通过实验分析了影响原油蜡沉积规律的主要因素,建立了陆梁原油的蜡沉积动力学模型,并对陆梁原油的蜡沉积倾向系数进行了计算,对实验结果进行了分析,得出了结论。最后,为了验证关于陆梁原油含蜡分析的结果,在陆石输油管道上进行了清管作业,并对理论研究结果与现场实际作了对比和分析。
在分析国内外有关热油管道优化运行的研究状况及优化运行方法的基础上。建立了热油管道优化运行的数学模型,包括:考虑不同输量台阶的全线优化运行模型、盈亏平衡点模型、亏损停产点模型、盈利最大点模型、动力优化模型、热力优化模型、加剂优化模型和考虑分时电价的优化运行模型。并用动态规划方法来求解数学模型。在理论研究的基础上,编制了加剂含蜡原油管道优化运行软件,以新疆油田两条有代表性的输油管道为例进行了优化运行分析,主要包括:定输量条件下的优化运行方案的制定、管道盈亏平衡点分析、管道最大盈利点分析及管道最大亏损点分析等四个方面,将计算结果与实际情况进行了对比,最后得出结论,利用该优化运行软件所得出的结论具有足够的可信度和实用性。
最后,根据新疆油田输油管道的具体情况,用具体实例说明了管网结构、管输设备、管输介质及其流向调整所带来的经济效益。由此得出结论,输油管道/管网的优化不仅仅在运行方面,还应考虑管网结构、管输设备、管输介质及其流向的优化。
This dissertation studied optimization of waxy crude pipeline's operation. The waxy crude transported by pipeline is added-additive crude; therefore the oil rheological property and the effect of additive were studied firstly. Mainly aim at Xingjian crude oil, rheological property of Xinjiang crude oil was analyzed, pourpoint depressant was selected, rheological parameter of added-additive crude form different areas in Xinjiang before/after adding additive was measured through the experiment, the influence of operation condition of pipeline to the pourpoint depressant effect was analyzed and a conclusion was drawn, and the pipeline's working parameter after adding pourpoint depressant was measured. In order to validate the research result obtained by indoor experiment, a field industrial trial was carried out on the Sanhua oil pipeline. The dissertation also studied the effect of adding drag-reduction agent in Xinjiang oil. Firstly a original selection on the drag-reduction agent was worked on, this take Xinjiang 0# oil and Cainan oil as research subject, then drag-reduction ratios were obtained when different drag -reduction agent added, and a conclusion was got through the experimental data analysis. Finally a field test was carried out on Kedu oil pipeline, the increasing transportation effect of two kinds drag-reduction agent was compared and analyzed, as well as different injection quantity for two kinds drag reduction agent was obtained on the same transportation.Then, this dissertation studied the Xinjiang crude oil wax deposit rule, chosen the test equpiment of research wax deposit rule, and inferred wax deposit thickness formula in different rheological property and flow state. Took Luliang crude oil as an example, analyzed the primary factor which affected crude oil wax deposit rule through the experiment was analyzed, Luliang crude oil wax deposit dynamics model was established, calculated to Luliang crude oil wax deposition tendency coefficient, and obtained the conclusion through the analysis of experimental result. Finally, in order to validate the result, pigging operation was worked on the Luliang oil pipeline, and comparison and analysis between the theoretic research results and the field practical situation was carry out.On the base of analysis of research situation for optimization operation at home and abroad, a mathematical mode of hot oil pipeline optimization operation was constructed, it include: the optimization model for the entire pipeline under different flow rate stages, the model for the break-even point, the model for the deficit off production, the model for maximum profitable point, the model for dynamic optimize,
the model for thermodynamics optimization, the model for adding agent and the model for optimization operation considering time-share electricity price. Also the mathematical model was solved with the dynamic programming method. Base on the theoretic research, a optimization operation software of added-additive waxy crude pipeline was developed, and the optimized operation analysis was carried out, which taken two representative oil pipeline as an example. In xinjiang it mainly included: The decision of optimization operation plan when transportation quantity was given, the analysis of pipeline's break-even point, the pipeline's maximum payoff point and pipeline's maximum deficit point.Finally, according to Xinjiang oil field oil pipeline, some material examples were be used to explain the economic benefit by the adjustment of pipe network structure, by pipeline transportation equipment, by pipeline transportation medium and its flow direction. Come to conclusion that the oil pipeline/pipe network optimization not only consider the operation, but also should consider the optimization of pipeline network structure, pipeline transportation equipment, pipeline transportation medium and its flow direction.
然后,对原油蜡沉积规律进行了研究。研究了新疆原油的蜡沉积规律,选择了研究蜡沉积规律的试验装置,推导了不同流变特性及流态下,蜡沉积厚度的计算公式。以陆梁原油为例,通过实验分析了影响原油蜡沉积规律的主要因素,建立了陆梁原油的蜡沉积动力学模型,并对陆梁原油的蜡沉积倾向系数进行了计算,对实验结果进行了分析,得出了结论。最后,为了验证关于陆梁原油含蜡分析的结果,在陆石输油管道上进行了清管作业,并对理论研究结果与现场实际作了对比和分析。
在分析国内外有关热油管道优化运行的研究状况及优化运行方法的基础上。建立了热油管道优化运行的数学模型,包括:考虑不同输量台阶的全线优化运行模型、盈亏平衡点模型、亏损停产点模型、盈利最大点模型、动力优化模型、热力优化模型、加剂优化模型和考虑分时电价的优化运行模型。并用动态规划方法来求解数学模型。在理论研究的基础上,编制了加剂含蜡原油管道优化运行软件,以新疆油田两条有代表性的输油管道为例进行了优化运行分析,主要包括:定输量条件下的优化运行方案的制定、管道盈亏平衡点分析、管道最大盈利点分析及管道最大亏损点分析等四个方面,将计算结果与实际情况进行了对比,最后得出结论,利用该优化运行软件所得出的结论具有足够的可信度和实用性。
最后,根据新疆油田输油管道的具体情况,用具体实例说明了管网结构、管输设备、管输介质及其流向调整所带来的经济效益。由此得出结论,输油管道/管网的优化不仅仅在运行方面,还应考虑管网结构、管输设备、管输介质及其流向的优化。
This dissertation studied optimization of waxy crude pipeline's operation. The waxy crude transported by pipeline is added-additive crude; therefore the oil rheological property and the effect of additive were studied firstly. Mainly aim at Xingjian crude oil, rheological property of Xinjiang crude oil was analyzed, pourpoint depressant was selected, rheological parameter of added-additive crude form different areas in Xinjiang before/after adding additive was measured through the experiment, the influence of operation condition of pipeline to the pourpoint depressant effect was analyzed and a conclusion was drawn, and the pipeline's working parameter after adding pourpoint depressant was measured. In order to validate the research result obtained by indoor experiment, a field industrial trial was carried out on the Sanhua oil pipeline. The dissertation also studied the effect of adding drag-reduction agent in Xinjiang oil. Firstly a original selection on the drag-reduction agent was worked on, this take Xinjiang 0# oil and Cainan oil as research subject, then drag-reduction ratios were obtained when different drag -reduction agent added, and a conclusion was got through the experimental data analysis. Finally a field test was carried out on Kedu oil pipeline, the increasing transportation effect of two kinds drag-reduction agent was compared and analyzed, as well as different injection quantity for two kinds drag reduction agent was obtained on the same transportation.Then, this dissertation studied the Xinjiang crude oil wax deposit rule, chosen the test equpiment of research wax deposit rule, and inferred wax deposit thickness formula in different rheological property and flow state. Took Luliang crude oil as an example, analyzed the primary factor which affected crude oil wax deposit rule through the experiment was analyzed, Luliang crude oil wax deposit dynamics model was established, calculated to Luliang crude oil wax deposition tendency coefficient, and obtained the conclusion through the analysis of experimental result. Finally, in order to validate the result, pigging operation was worked on the Luliang oil pipeline, and comparison and analysis between the theoretic research results and the field practical situation was carry out.On the base of analysis of research situation for optimization operation at home and abroad, a mathematical mode of hot oil pipeline optimization operation was constructed, it include: the optimization model for the entire pipeline under different flow rate stages, the model for the break-even point, the model for the deficit off production, the model for maximum profitable point, the model for dynamic optimize,
the model for thermodynamics optimization, the model for adding agent and the model for optimization operation considering time-share electricity price. Also the mathematical model was solved with the dynamic programming method. Base on the theoretic research, a optimization operation software of added-additive waxy crude pipeline was developed, and the optimized operation analysis was carried out, which taken two representative oil pipeline as an example. In xinjiang it mainly included: The decision of optimization operation plan when transportation quantity was given, the analysis of pipeline's break-even point, the pipeline's maximum payoff point and pipeline's maximum deficit point.Finally, according to Xinjiang oil field oil pipeline, some material examples were be used to explain the economic benefit by the adjustment of pipe network structure, by pipeline transportation equipment, by pipeline transportation medium and its flow direction. Come to conclusion that the oil pipeline/pipe network optimization not only consider the operation, but also should consider the optimization of pipeline network structure, pipeline transportation equipment, pipeline transportation medium and its flow direction.
引文
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[6] shouxi wang, Modeling of Drag Reducing Additive, 7 May, 2002
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[23] 闵希华等,《火三原油管道扩大输量范围的实践》,管道技术与设备,1999.3
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[25] 刘雯,《浅谈影响热油管道能耗的主要因素》,管道技术与设备,2001.3
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[27] 冯雨新,《变频调速技术在长输管道上的应用》,管道技术与设备,1999.3
[28] 王岳,《热油管道工艺的数值计算》,抚顺石油学院学报,1996.4
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[2] 吴长春,《热油管道的优化运行》,石油规划与设计,1994.2
[3] 吴长春,《热油管道稳态运行的两级递阶优化模型》,石油学报,1989.3
[4] 吴长春,《长输管道站间最优压头分配动态规划模型与算法》,石油学报,1992.增刊
[5] 董正远,《原油热输管道的最优运行模型》,西安石油学院学报,1996.5
[6] shouxi wang, Modeling of Drag Reducing Additive, 7 May, 2002
[7] Linke A, Computer Aided Minimization of Crude Oil & Product Pipeline Transport Costs, 15th World Petrol Conf. Proc. Vol. 3, P519-523, 1998
[8] Vijender N. Gopal, Optimizing Pipeline Operations, JPT, Vol. 32, No. 11, 1980
[9] Yasemin G. Bolkman etc., Development of An Efficient Algorithm For Optimal Pipeline Design And Operation, Pipeline Technology, 1992
[10] 曲慎扬,《原油管道工程》,石油工业出版社,1991
[11] 段海发,《输油设备》,石油工业出版社,1991
[12] 傅家骥、仝允桓,《工业技术经济学》,清华大学出版社,2000
[13] 解可新等,《最优化方法》,天津大学出版社,1998
[14] 《油气储运40年》,新疆人民出版社,1998
[15] 吴明等,《用最优化方法计算热油管道经济温度》,天然气与石油,1998.4
[16] 宋绍峰等,《原油减阻剂的研究概况》,油气田地面工程,2000.11
[17] 王敏等,《原油降凝剂及其在我国原油中的应用》,现代化工,2001.11
[18] 韩文秀,《油田企业经济效益综合评价研究》,天津大学学报,1991.1
[19] 范贻昌等,《我国输油管道运营评估优化分析》,天津大学学报,1998.4
[20] 张传平等,《管道输油价格模型》,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999.2
[21] 张付生等,《原油降凝剂在我国长输管道上的应用》,油田化学,1999.4
[22] 刘先涛,《增大输油管线输送能力的技术经济分析》,油气田地面工程,1998.1
[23] 闵希华等,《火三原油管道扩大输量范围的实践》,管道技术与设备,1999.3
[24] 闵希华等,《克乌复线改输天然气实践与研究》,管道技术与设备,2000.5
[25] 刘雯,《浅谈影响热油管道能耗的主要因素》,管道技术与设备,2001.3
[26] 蒲家宁,《按输量还是按强度-长输管道两种控制理论分析》,石油学报,1997.2
[27] 冯雨新,《变频调速技术在长输管道上的应用》,管道技术与设备,1999.3
[28] 王岳,《热油管道工艺的数值计算》,抚顺石油学院学报,1996.4
[29] 黄志潜A.Seireg.《石油与天然气管道工程最优化技术的综述》.油气储运,1987,Vol.6(No.2):1-6
[30] Singh, A. K. Discussing of Optimizing pipeline operations. Journal of petroleum technology, 1981,:1403-1404
[31] 宫敬 储祥萍 于达.《成品油管道优化运行方法研究》.油气储运,2000,Vol.19(No.10):22-25
[32] 梁永图.《成品油管道顺序输送运行优化研究》,(硕士学位论文).北京,石油大学,2001:18-41
[33] D. Sparrow. Implementing software systems for multi-product pipeline scheduling. Pipes & Pipelines International, 1985, Vol. 30 (No. 4): 14-18
[34] David S. Goltermann. Evaluating the benefits of power optimization. Pipe Line Industry, 1987, Vol. 66(No. 6): 27-29
[35] A. Linke. Computer aided minimization of crude oil and product pipeline transport costs. Oil Gas-European Magazine, 1995, Vol. (No. 3): 20-23
[36] Erickson, D. D. etc, Application of transient multiphase flow technology, JPT, Apr., 1999
[37] Kosta J. Leontaritis: The Wax Deposition Envelope of Gas Condensates, paper OTC 8776 present at the 1998
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