多污染热源置换通风实验研究
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摘要
本文介绍了置换通风的现状与发展前景，简述了置换通风的原理与特性，并与传统的混合通风方式进行了比较，指出置换通风有独特的通风气流组织、较高的通风效率、能够满足人体热舒适性要求以及节能的优点，是一种充分体现以人为本的通风方式，具有广阔的发展前景，但同时也指出了置换通风方式的不足和局限。提出了多个污染热源情况下的置换通风问题，建立了就此问题在三个热污染源情况下的实验研究模型，分别就送风速度变化、送风温度变化、排风口位置变化、污染热源的分散性、污染热源面积变化等工况进行了不同的模拟实验，采用绘图软件对模拟实验数据库进行图形化处理，讨论分析得出如下结论：
①热力分层高度受送风量、房间热负荷等多个因素的影响，以送风量最为严重。送风量增大，热力分层高度也在增高；送风量减小，热力分层高度降低。工作区温度与送风温度之差Δt增大，热力分层高度降低；差值Δt减小，热力分层高度则升高。
②兼顾热力分层高度大小、余热负荷的有效消除以及热舒适性等问题，得出工作区温度与送风温度差值Δt的大小在3～4℃比较合适。
③排风口位置的变化，对下层气流速度场、温度场以及烟气浓度场不产生影响，对热力分层高度、工作区垂直温度分布等热舒适性问题没有影响。
④污染烟气出口速度、温度越大，热力分层高度越低；烟气速度、温度越小，热力分层高度越高。污染源的分散性越大，热力分层高度越低，通风效率越大；分散性越小，热力分层高度越高，通风效率越小，但分散到一定程度时，热力分层高度、通风效率将不受影响。
⑤污染源相对集中时，可采用在污染源附近区域局部送风的方式，减小送风量，节约能耗，但要综合考虑热力分层高度、通风效率及热负荷的有效消除等问题。
This text introduced the present condition and developmental foreground of displacement ventilation, expounded the principle and characteristic of displacement ventilation, combined with the traditional mixed ventilation , This text pointed out the displacement ventilation have the advantage of specially ventilated air organize, higher ventilation efficiency, satisfying the human body's request for the hot and comfortable degree, and energy saving, and it is a kind ventilated way of all for human which has broad development foreground, but displacement ventilation lay the short and localization. This text raised the question on displacement ventilation of many pollution heat sources. Simulation experiments have been done for three pollution heat sources on such working conditions as different air-in velocity, different air-in temperature, different air outlet position, different dispersion of many sources and different heat source area. Experiment data had been drew by use of software
. According to
analysis ,this text drew conclusions as following:
(1) Heat lamination height influenced by air-in volume especially and heat load in room. The height changes comfortably with the air-in volume. A t means the temperature difference between work area and air-in. When A t is up or down, heat lamination height is down or up.
(2) Considering heat lamination height , heat load and hot comfortability, this text said A t of 3-4℃ degrees between work area and air-in is better.
(3) Air outlet position didn't influence the air flow field temperature field, concentration field, heat lamination height and vertical distribution of temperature of work area.
(4) Heat lamination height changed contrarily with outlet flu-gas temperature, outlet flu-gas velocity, and the dispersion of pollution sources, and Ventilation efficiency changed uniformly with the dispersion of pollution sources. If sources dispersed in some
degree, then efficiency and height is constant.
(5) When pollution sources centring relatively .Energy is saved by air blowing locally and air-in volume reducing. But Energy saving must depend on the heat lamination height, ventilation efficiency and heat load eliminated efficiency.
①热力分层高度受送风量、房间热负荷等多个因素的影响，以送风量最为严重。送风量增大，热力分层高度也在增高；送风量减小，热力分层高度降低。工作区温度与送风温度之差Δt增大，热力分层高度降低；差值Δt减小，热力分层高度则升高。
②兼顾热力分层高度大小、余热负荷的有效消除以及热舒适性等问题，得出工作区温度与送风温度差值Δt的大小在3～4℃比较合适。
③排风口位置的变化，对下层气流速度场、温度场以及烟气浓度场不产生影响，对热力分层高度、工作区垂直温度分布等热舒适性问题没有影响。
④污染烟气出口速度、温度越大，热力分层高度越低；烟气速度、温度越小，热力分层高度越高。污染源的分散性越大，热力分层高度越低，通风效率越大；分散性越小，热力分层高度越高，通风效率越小，但分散到一定程度时，热力分层高度、通风效率将不受影响。
⑤污染源相对集中时，可采用在污染源附近区域局部送风的方式，减小送风量，节约能耗，但要综合考虑热力分层高度、通风效率及热负荷的有效消除等问题。
This text introduced the present condition and developmental foreground of displacement ventilation, expounded the principle and characteristic of displacement ventilation, combined with the traditional mixed ventilation , This text pointed out the displacement ventilation have the advantage of specially ventilated air organize, higher ventilation efficiency, satisfying the human body's request for the hot and comfortable degree, and energy saving, and it is a kind ventilated way of all for human which has broad development foreground, but displacement ventilation lay the short and localization. This text raised the question on displacement ventilation of many pollution heat sources. Simulation experiments have been done for three pollution heat sources on such working conditions as different air-in velocity, different air-in temperature, different air outlet position, different dispersion of many sources and different heat source area. Experiment data had been drew by use of software
. According to
analysis ,this text drew conclusions as following:
(1) Heat lamination height influenced by air-in volume especially and heat load in room. The height changes comfortably with the air-in volume. A t means the temperature difference between work area and air-in. When A t is up or down, heat lamination height is down or up.
(2) Considering heat lamination height , heat load and hot comfortability, this text said A t of 3-4℃ degrees between work area and air-in is better.
(3) Air outlet position didn't influence the air flow field temperature field, concentration field, heat lamination height and vertical distribution of temperature of work area.
(4) Heat lamination height changed contrarily with outlet flu-gas temperature, outlet flu-gas velocity, and the dispersion of pollution sources, and Ventilation efficiency changed uniformly with the dispersion of pollution sources. If sources dispersed in some
degree, then efficiency and height is constant.
(5) When pollution sources centring relatively .Energy is saved by air blowing locally and air-in volume reducing. But Energy saving must depend on the heat lamination height, ventilation efficiency and heat load eliminated efficiency.
引文
1．马仁民 连之伟．置换通风几个问题的讨论暖通空调 2000．30(4)
2. M Sandberg. Stratified flow in ventilation room—a model study. Roomer vent'90 Proceedings. Norway,1990
3．刘传聚．置换通风房间温度梯度之研究．全国暖通空调制冷 1998学术年会论文集．1998
4．倪波．置换通风的实验研究．暖通空调 2000．30(5)
5．周鹏 李强民．置换通风与冷却顶板．暖通空调 1998．28(5)
6．马仁民．置换通风的通风效率及其微热环境评价．暖通空调 1997．27(4)
7．孟广田 李强民．置换通风的热舒适分析与评价．建筑热能通风空调．2000．(1)
8．朱能 刘珊．置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究．制冷学报 2000．(4)
9．李强民．置换通风原理、设计及应用．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
10．张俊梅 沈国民 谢军龙 王笑航．应用CFD方法确定置换通风系统的设计参数．建筑热能通风空调．2001．(2)
11．赵蕾．矩形平面热源上方浮力射流流量近似计算公式．西安建筑科技大学学报．1998．30(4)
12．岑鸣 倪波．上海体育馆置换通风系统设计研究．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
13．范存养．办公室下送风空调方式的应用．暖通空调．1997．27(4)
14．耿长元 李光华 吴云翔．置换通风系统在水电站厂房中的应用，人民长江．2000．31(12)
15．安庚才．置换通风在工业厂房通风中的应用．劳动保护杂志．2001，6
16．马仁民．地板送风技术条件与舒适条件的研究．暖通空调．1995(6)
17．李强民 邓峥 魏书麟．置换通风在中国的应用．暖通空调技术．2000．2
18. A Critical Review of Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE TRANSACTION 1998 Part Ⅰ
19．耿世彬 杨家宝．室内空气品质及相关研究．解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院．2000．11
20．马仁民 连之伟．地板送风工作区热风分布系数计算方法的综合研究．暖通空调．1994(1)
21．李龙宇 李强民．置换通风的原理及应用．通风除尘．1996(1)
22．周林光．置换通风及其数值模拟．同济大学硕士学位论文．1996
23．刘传聚 周林光．置换通风的数值模拟．通风除尘．1998．1
24．梁军 魏艳萍 王建奎．置换通风在某车间空调改造中的应用．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
25．鞠硕华 姜允涛 周祖东．置换通风空调房间气流组织的数值模拟．低温建筑技术．2001．84(2)
26．傅志成 沈国明 谢军龙 徐玉党．置换通风空调系统的研究．鄂州大学学报．1999年第3期
27．吕品．置换式通风原理在深立井开凿时期的应用．矿业安全与环保．2000．27(3)
28．马国彬 魏学孟．置换通风气流组织的特性研究．洁净与空调技术．2001年第1期．
29．洪武开．置换通风与低能耗健康建筑．建筑热能通风空调．2001年第6期．
30．王威 狄洪发 李先庭．置换通风在中国应用的可行性分析．全国暖通空调制冷2000年学术年会论文集．
2. M Sandberg. Stratified flow in ventilation room—a model study. Roomer vent'90 Proceedings. Norway,1990
3．刘传聚．置换通风房间温度梯度之研究．全国暖通空调制冷 1998学术年会论文集．1998
4．倪波．置换通风的实验研究．暖通空调 2000．30(5)
5．周鹏 李强民．置换通风与冷却顶板．暖通空调 1998．28(5)
6．马仁民．置换通风的通风效率及其微热环境评价．暖通空调 1997．27(4)
7．孟广田 李强民．置换通风的热舒适分析与评价．建筑热能通风空调．2000．(1)
8．朱能 刘珊．置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究．制冷学报 2000．(4)
9．李强民．置换通风原理、设计及应用．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
10．张俊梅 沈国民 谢军龙 王笑航．应用CFD方法确定置换通风系统的设计参数．建筑热能通风空调．2001．(2)
11．赵蕾．矩形平面热源上方浮力射流流量近似计算公式．西安建筑科技大学学报．1998．30(4)
12．岑鸣 倪波．上海体育馆置换通风系统设计研究．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
13．范存养．办公室下送风空调方式的应用．暖通空调．1997．27(4)
14．耿长元 李光华 吴云翔．置换通风系统在水电站厂房中的应用，人民长江．2000．31(12)
15．安庚才．置换通风在工业厂房通风中的应用．劳动保护杂志．2001，6
16．马仁民．地板送风技术条件与舒适条件的研究．暖通空调．1995(6)
17．李强民 邓峥 魏书麟．置换通风在中国的应用．暖通空调技术．2000．2
18. A Critical Review of Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE TRANSACTION 1998 Part Ⅰ
19．耿世彬 杨家宝．室内空气品质及相关研究．解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院．2000．11
20．马仁民 连之伟．地板送风工作区热风分布系数计算方法的综合研究．暖通空调．1994(1)
21．李龙宇 李强民．置换通风的原理及应用．通风除尘．1996(1)
22．周林光．置换通风及其数值模拟．同济大学硕士学位论文．1996
23．刘传聚 周林光．置换通风的数值模拟．通风除尘．1998．1
24．梁军 魏艳萍 王建奎．置换通风在某车间空调改造中的应用．暖通空调．2000．30(5)
25．鞠硕华 姜允涛 周祖东．置换通风空调房间气流组织的数值模拟．低温建筑技术．2001．84(2)
26．傅志成 沈国明 谢军龙 徐玉党．置换通风空调系统的研究．鄂州大学学报．1999年第3期
27．吕品．置换式通风原理在深立井开凿时期的应用．矿业安全与环保．2000．27(3)
28．马国彬 魏学孟．置换通风气流组织的特性研究．洁净与空调技术．2001年第1期．
29．洪武开．置换通风与低能耗健康建筑．建筑热能通风空调．2001年第6期．
30．王威 狄洪发 李先庭．置换通风在中国应用的可行性分析．全国暖通空调制冷2000年学术年会论文集．