低品位水煤浆成浆、燃烧特性研究及应用
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摘要
水煤浆作为一种代油洁净液体燃料,已在我国得到较广泛的应用,取得了较好的代油、节能和环保效果。随着我国经济的快速发展,作为主要能源的煤炭也将面临紧张的供应状况,特别是优质烟煤。而传统的水煤浆一般要求采用洗选精煤制备,这一方面限制了制浆煤种来源,另一方面提高了水煤浆的生产成本,使水煤浆在更大行业范围和领域内推广应用受到限制。因此,采用原煤或低品位燃料制备浆体燃料开始受到人们关注。
燃料特性的差异将直接影响到它的成浆特性和燃烧特性,本文结合汕头万丰热电厂220t/h燃油设计锅炉改烧水煤浆项目,对低品位燃料在成浆特性、流变特性、燃烧特性、结渣特性等方面进行了详细的试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟。
首先在实验室对低挥发分煤的成浆特性和流变特性进行了详细试验研究,利用已有的4种添加剂,在浓度为65%-66%范围时,低挥发分水煤浆粘度基本上能控制在1000Pa.s以下；MF型添加剂效果最好,最大成浆浓度可以达到66.49%。低挥发分水煤浆的流变特性均表现出明显的“剪切变稀”,属于假塑性流体。
热重和卧式炉试验表明几种低品位燃料燃烧过程相似,炉内燃烧温度比较接近；低挥发分水煤浆和潞安煤泥水煤浆的着火温度高于大同烟煤水煤浆,综合燃烧性能以及燃烧前期的反应能力也比后者差。大同烟煤石油焦5比5混浆的燃烧特性和大同烟煤水煤浆接近；低挥发分水煤浆的结渣不严重而潞安煤泥水煤浆和大同烟煤石油焦5比5混浆相对较为严重。
接着针对220t/h燃油设计锅炉进行改烧水煤浆的设计,对改造中存在的难点和低品位水煤浆燃烧的特点进行分析并提出相应的技术措施,创新性提出了带预燃室非对称水煤浆燃烧器。燃烧试验表明改造是成功的,低挥发分水煤浆在炉内燃烧稳定,锅炉各种参数能达到设计要求并满足机组安全经济运行,在缺氧的情况下,燃烧效率和锅炉效率分别达到97%和89%。排烟SO2浓度与燃油相比有较大幅度下降,NOx排放也在较低的水平。
利用硅碳棒对炉内燃烧区域结渣过程进行研究,并对结渣棒上的灰渣进行XRD图谱和SEM分析研究,结合单一煤灰成分结渣指标、模糊数学综合评判模型以及基于属性数学与联系数学的结渣特性综合模型进行结渣预测,表明低挥发分水煤浆属中轻结渣,预测结果与结渣特性试验结果相吻合。
最后采用计算流体力学CFD数值模拟了220t/h锅炉水煤浆燃烧过程和污染物排放规律,获得了不同负荷以及高、中、低三种挥发分水煤浆的炉内流场分布、温度场分布、气氛场分布等规律,计算结果符合实际运行情况,和实验数据验证吻合较好,对水煤浆锅炉的燃烧调整试验和优化设计有重要的指导意义。
研究表明低品位水煤浆(低挥发分水煤浆、煤泥水煤浆、烟煤和石油焦混浆)成浆特性理想,采取适当的技术措施能在锅炉上温度稳定着火和燃烧,满足机组安全经济运行。因此,研究开发并在燃油锅炉上应用低品位水煤浆是可行性,有较好的社会和经济效益。
As a clean alternative fuel to oil, CWS (coal water slurry) has been used broadly in China. And the effect of the alternative to oil, energy conservation and environmental protection is approving. With the rapid growth of economy in China, coal resource used as primary energy will face the shortage condition, especially the high-quality bituminous coal. CWS is prepared by high-quality washing coal currently, which restricts the material source and increases the produce cost. That makes the application of CWS confined. So people pay more and more attention to the use of raw or low-quality coal as the material to prepare CWS.
The differences of fuel properties affect the CWS'slurry ability and combustion characteristics directly. Based on the program of retrofitting an oil-designed220t/h boilers to fire CWS in the Wanfeng thermal plant, detailed investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation about low-quality fuel are conducted in the paper. CWS properties examined in the study include slurry ability, rheological behavior, combustion characteristics and slagging characteristics.
Primarily investigation is conducted about the slurry ability, rheological behavior of the low volatile coal. Using four kinds of sold additives, the viscosity of the low volatile CWS is below1000mPa.s when the concentration is between65%-66%. In the study, the MF additive has the best effect with which the maximum solid concentration is up to66.49%. The rheological characteristics of low volatile slurry show obvious shear-thinning appearance, namely, pseudoplastic fluid.
TGA and horizontal furnace test indicates that the several kinds of low-quality coal have similar combustion process and temperature. The ignition temperature of low volatile slurry and Lu'an coal slime slurry is higher than Datong bituminous slurry, and comprehensive combustion characteristics and beginning combustion performance are worse than latter. The combustion characteristics of slurry prepared by Datong bituminous coal and petroleum coke (50%to50%) are similar to the Datong bituminous CWS. The slagging of the low volatile coal is light, but it's relatively serious to the Lu'an coal slime slurry and slurry prepared by Datong bituminous coal and petroleum coke (50%to50%).
During the design of retrofitting an oil-designed220t/h boilers to fire CWS, some existent problems and the combustion characteristics of low-quality slurry have been analysed and relevant technical measures have been raised. In the paper, it innovatively proposes a kind of asymmetric CWS burner with a pre-combustion chamber. The combustion experiment indicates that the alteration is successful. The combustion of low volatile slurry in the furnace is stable, and the boiler parameters can achieve the design requirement and meet the safe and economic operating conditions of the facilities. In the anoxic condition, combustion efficiency and boiler efficiency are97%and89%respectively. The SO2emission concentration has decreased substantially compared with burning oil, and the NOx emission is also in low level.
The slagging process of the combustion area in the furnace has been investigated by using silicon carbide rod. And the ash sediment on the rod is studied by means of XRD patterns and SEM analysis. Predicted by the single slagging indicator of coal ash components, the fuzzy comprehension evaluation model and the integrated mathematical model of slagging characteristics based on attribute and contact mathematics, it concludes that the low volatile CWS belongs to moderate or light slagging, which is consistent with experimental result.
Coal-water slurry combustion process and pollutant emission rules of the220t/h boiler are simulated using the CFD software. In different load condition and with high, medium and low-volatile concentration, it gets the rules of the furnace flowing distribution, the temperature distribution and the atmosphere distribution. The calculated results are consistent with the real operating conditions. That has great significance to the combustion adjustment and optimization design of the CWS boiler.
Investigation indicates that low-quality CWS including low volatile CWS, coal slime CWS. slurry prepared by bituminous and petroleum coke have approving slurry ability. Appropriate technical measures can make the ignition and combustion stable and meet the safe and economic operating conditions of the facilities. So the investigation and application of CWS in the oil-fired boiler is feasible and has good social and economic benefits.
燃料特性的差异将直接影响到它的成浆特性和燃烧特性,本文结合汕头万丰热电厂220t/h燃油设计锅炉改烧水煤浆项目,对低品位燃料在成浆特性、流变特性、燃烧特性、结渣特性等方面进行了详细的试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟。
首先在实验室对低挥发分煤的成浆特性和流变特性进行了详细试验研究,利用已有的4种添加剂,在浓度为65%-66%范围时,低挥发分水煤浆粘度基本上能控制在1000Pa.s以下；MF型添加剂效果最好,最大成浆浓度可以达到66.49%。低挥发分水煤浆的流变特性均表现出明显的“剪切变稀”,属于假塑性流体。
热重和卧式炉试验表明几种低品位燃料燃烧过程相似,炉内燃烧温度比较接近；低挥发分水煤浆和潞安煤泥水煤浆的着火温度高于大同烟煤水煤浆,综合燃烧性能以及燃烧前期的反应能力也比后者差。大同烟煤石油焦5比5混浆的燃烧特性和大同烟煤水煤浆接近；低挥发分水煤浆的结渣不严重而潞安煤泥水煤浆和大同烟煤石油焦5比5混浆相对较为严重。
接着针对220t/h燃油设计锅炉进行改烧水煤浆的设计,对改造中存在的难点和低品位水煤浆燃烧的特点进行分析并提出相应的技术措施,创新性提出了带预燃室非对称水煤浆燃烧器。燃烧试验表明改造是成功的,低挥发分水煤浆在炉内燃烧稳定,锅炉各种参数能达到设计要求并满足机组安全经济运行,在缺氧的情况下,燃烧效率和锅炉效率分别达到97%和89%。排烟SO2浓度与燃油相比有较大幅度下降,NOx排放也在较低的水平。
利用硅碳棒对炉内燃烧区域结渣过程进行研究,并对结渣棒上的灰渣进行XRD图谱和SEM分析研究,结合单一煤灰成分结渣指标、模糊数学综合评判模型以及基于属性数学与联系数学的结渣特性综合模型进行结渣预测,表明低挥发分水煤浆属中轻结渣,预测结果与结渣特性试验结果相吻合。
最后采用计算流体力学CFD数值模拟了220t/h锅炉水煤浆燃烧过程和污染物排放规律,获得了不同负荷以及高、中、低三种挥发分水煤浆的炉内流场分布、温度场分布、气氛场分布等规律,计算结果符合实际运行情况,和实验数据验证吻合较好,对水煤浆锅炉的燃烧调整试验和优化设计有重要的指导意义。
研究表明低品位水煤浆(低挥发分水煤浆、煤泥水煤浆、烟煤和石油焦混浆)成浆特性理想,采取适当的技术措施能在锅炉上温度稳定着火和燃烧,满足机组安全经济运行。因此,研究开发并在燃油锅炉上应用低品位水煤浆是可行性,有较好的社会和经济效益。
As a clean alternative fuel to oil, CWS (coal water slurry) has been used broadly in China. And the effect of the alternative to oil, energy conservation and environmental protection is approving. With the rapid growth of economy in China, coal resource used as primary energy will face the shortage condition, especially the high-quality bituminous coal. CWS is prepared by high-quality washing coal currently, which restricts the material source and increases the produce cost. That makes the application of CWS confined. So people pay more and more attention to the use of raw or low-quality coal as the material to prepare CWS.
The differences of fuel properties affect the CWS'slurry ability and combustion characteristics directly. Based on the program of retrofitting an oil-designed220t/h boilers to fire CWS in the Wanfeng thermal plant, detailed investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation about low-quality fuel are conducted in the paper. CWS properties examined in the study include slurry ability, rheological behavior, combustion characteristics and slagging characteristics.
Primarily investigation is conducted about the slurry ability, rheological behavior of the low volatile coal. Using four kinds of sold additives, the viscosity of the low volatile CWS is below1000mPa.s when the concentration is between65%-66%. In the study, the MF additive has the best effect with which the maximum solid concentration is up to66.49%. The rheological characteristics of low volatile slurry show obvious shear-thinning appearance, namely, pseudoplastic fluid.
TGA and horizontal furnace test indicates that the several kinds of low-quality coal have similar combustion process and temperature. The ignition temperature of low volatile slurry and Lu'an coal slime slurry is higher than Datong bituminous slurry, and comprehensive combustion characteristics and beginning combustion performance are worse than latter. The combustion characteristics of slurry prepared by Datong bituminous coal and petroleum coke (50%to50%) are similar to the Datong bituminous CWS. The slagging of the low volatile coal is light, but it's relatively serious to the Lu'an coal slime slurry and slurry prepared by Datong bituminous coal and petroleum coke (50%to50%).
During the design of retrofitting an oil-designed220t/h boilers to fire CWS, some existent problems and the combustion characteristics of low-quality slurry have been analysed and relevant technical measures have been raised. In the paper, it innovatively proposes a kind of asymmetric CWS burner with a pre-combustion chamber. The combustion experiment indicates that the alteration is successful. The combustion of low volatile slurry in the furnace is stable, and the boiler parameters can achieve the design requirement and meet the safe and economic operating conditions of the facilities. In the anoxic condition, combustion efficiency and boiler efficiency are97%and89%respectively. The SO2emission concentration has decreased substantially compared with burning oil, and the NOx emission is also in low level.
The slagging process of the combustion area in the furnace has been investigated by using silicon carbide rod. And the ash sediment on the rod is studied by means of XRD patterns and SEM analysis. Predicted by the single slagging indicator of coal ash components, the fuzzy comprehension evaluation model and the integrated mathematical model of slagging characteristics based on attribute and contact mathematics, it concludes that the low volatile CWS belongs to moderate or light slagging, which is consistent with experimental result.
Coal-water slurry combustion process and pollutant emission rules of the220t/h boiler are simulated using the CFD software. In different load condition and with high, medium and low-volatile concentration, it gets the rules of the furnace flowing distribution, the temperature distribution and the atmosphere distribution. The calculated results are consistent with the real operating conditions. That has great significance to the combustion adjustment and optimization design of the CWS boiler.
Investigation indicates that low-quality CWS including low volatile CWS, coal slime CWS. slurry prepared by bituminous and petroleum coke have approving slurry ability. Appropriate technical measures can make the ignition and combustion stable and meet the safe and economic operating conditions of the facilities. So the investigation and application of CWS in the oil-fired boiler is feasible and has good social and economic benefits.
引文
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