一种无变压器并联混合型有源电力滤波器的研究
摘要
本文研究了一种无变压器的并联混合型有源电力滤波器TLS-PHAPF(Transformerless-Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter),主要用于补偿交流调速系统中不控整流输入级的谐波电流。这种拓扑的PHAPF因为造价低,有源容量小,且可用于中压场合,是一种很有应用前景的有源电力滤波器拓扑。
本文首先对TLS-PHAPF的工作原理及滤波特性进行分析。
其次,分析了感容滤波的三相不控整流电路的谐波特性。对TLS—PHAPF的三个关键参数的设计进行了详细的分析。包括负载交流侧接口电感值的选取,无源滤波器的选型和变流器直流侧电容电压值的选取。负载交流侧接口电感有一定的谐波抑制作用,但会承担基波压降,并造成滞后的功率因数,因此对负载交流侧接口电感的取值需综合考虑。无源滤波器的选型是APF与PF串联型的并联混合型有源电力滤波器的研究重点,本文选定的七次调谐滤波器具有成本低,可靠性好。最后,基于矢量图形辅助分析法,对变流器直流侧电容电压值进行了分析。
针对7次调谐的无源滤波器对5次谐波滤波能力较差的状况,认为单独对五次谐波进行补偿是一种比较有效的方法。包括5次谐波前馈补偿和5次谐波反馈补偿。证明了5次谐波单独的控制,可以有效提升混合滤波器的滤波效果,而5次电流反馈控制方法性能更优越。
设计制作了一台10kVA的样机。在无源滤波器的设计过程中,由于大交变铁磁电感铁芯的非线性,对功率电感的准确整定是一个比较困难的问题。本文提出一种基于半桥电路的功率电感测量方法,能给出比传统方法更具参考价值的电感量。对有源样机的关键参数选择进行分析,基于UG进行三维结构设计,以简化装配设计过程。
This thesis deals with a TLS-PHAPF (Transformerless-Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter), which is mainly used for harmonic compensation in adjustable-speed drive systems based on diode rectifier. With the advantage of low active capacity, low cost and feasibility for medium-voltage usage, this topology is attractive for industry application.
In this paper, Firstly, the main operational principle of TLS-PHAPF is discussed, as well as basic filtering characteristic.
The harmonic current characteristic produced by diode rectifier with a dc capacitor is also analyzed. In addition, some key points on TLS-PHAPF design are discussed in detail, including parameters such as AC side inductor, DC voltage of inverter, etc. AC side inductor is widely used in industry application for harmonic repression as a most simple way, but the big fundamental voltage across the inductor is a side effect. A compromise is made to balance the filtering performance and fundamental voltage fall. We use vector-graph aided method to design the DC voltage of inverter. The comparison of different types of passive filters is also performed.
To make a compromise in cost and filtering performance, we choose a LC passive filter tuned at seventh harmonic frequency, which makes a not so good filtering performance in the most dominant fifth frequency. A fifth harmonic frequency feed forward control scheme is proposed, as well as a fifth harmonic frequency feedback control scheme. Results from both theory analysis and simulation shows that fifth harmonic feedback has better filtering performance than its feed forward counterpart.
A 10kVA experimental system is built. In design of LC filter, for the nonlinear magnetization of iron core, it is difficult to measure inductor precisely. A novel inductor measurement method based on half-bridge circuit is proposed.
本文首先对TLS-PHAPF的工作原理及滤波特性进行分析。
其次,分析了感容滤波的三相不控整流电路的谐波特性。对TLS—PHAPF的三个关键参数的设计进行了详细的分析。包括负载交流侧接口电感值的选取,无源滤波器的选型和变流器直流侧电容电压值的选取。负载交流侧接口电感有一定的谐波抑制作用,但会承担基波压降,并造成滞后的功率因数,因此对负载交流侧接口电感的取值需综合考虑。无源滤波器的选型是APF与PF串联型的并联混合型有源电力滤波器的研究重点,本文选定的七次调谐滤波器具有成本低,可靠性好。最后,基于矢量图形辅助分析法,对变流器直流侧电容电压值进行了分析。
针对7次调谐的无源滤波器对5次谐波滤波能力较差的状况,认为单独对五次谐波进行补偿是一种比较有效的方法。包括5次谐波前馈补偿和5次谐波反馈补偿。证明了5次谐波单独的控制,可以有效提升混合滤波器的滤波效果,而5次电流反馈控制方法性能更优越。
设计制作了一台10kVA的样机。在无源滤波器的设计过程中,由于大交变铁磁电感铁芯的非线性,对功率电感的准确整定是一个比较困难的问题。本文提出一种基于半桥电路的功率电感测量方法,能给出比传统方法更具参考价值的电感量。对有源样机的关键参数选择进行分析,基于UG进行三维结构设计,以简化装配设计过程。
This thesis deals with a TLS-PHAPF (Transformerless-Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter), which is mainly used for harmonic compensation in adjustable-speed drive systems based on diode rectifier. With the advantage of low active capacity, low cost and feasibility for medium-voltage usage, this topology is attractive for industry application.
In this paper, Firstly, the main operational principle of TLS-PHAPF is discussed, as well as basic filtering characteristic.
The harmonic current characteristic produced by diode rectifier with a dc capacitor is also analyzed. In addition, some key points on TLS-PHAPF design are discussed in detail, including parameters such as AC side inductor, DC voltage of inverter, etc. AC side inductor is widely used in industry application for harmonic repression as a most simple way, but the big fundamental voltage across the inductor is a side effect. A compromise is made to balance the filtering performance and fundamental voltage fall. We use vector-graph aided method to design the DC voltage of inverter. The comparison of different types of passive filters is also performed.
To make a compromise in cost and filtering performance, we choose a LC passive filter tuned at seventh harmonic frequency, which makes a not so good filtering performance in the most dominant fifth frequency. A fifth harmonic frequency feed forward control scheme is proposed, as well as a fifth harmonic frequency feedback control scheme. Results from both theory analysis and simulation shows that fifth harmonic feedback has better filtering performance than its feed forward counterpart.
A 10kVA experimental system is built. In design of LC filter, for the nonlinear magnetization of iron core, it is difficult to measure inductor precisely. A novel inductor measurement method based on half-bridge circuit is proposed.
引文
[1]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[2]IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems.IEEE Std.519,1992
[3]Limits for harmonic current emissions(Equipment input current≤16A per phase),EN 61000-3-2,1995
[4]Limitations of emission of harmonic current in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A,EN 61000-3-4,1998
[5]中国国家标准GB/T14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[6]陈仲,并联有源电力滤波器实用关键技术的研究,浙江大学博士论文,2005
[7]吴竞昌.供电系统.北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[8]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器.北京:科学出版社,2005
[9]马莉,周景海,吕征宇,钱照明.一种基于dq变换的改进型谐波检测方案的研究.中国电机工程学报,2000,20(10):55-58
[10]陈仲,徐德鸿.基于基波相位补偿策略的无延迟谐波检测.电力系统自动化,2005,29(10):50-54
[11]顾炜,电网谐波和无功电流实时检测技术的研究,福州大学硕士学位论文,2005
[12]王广柱,有源电力滤波器谐波及无功电流检测的不必要性(一),电工技术学报,2007,22(1):137-148
[13]王广柱,有源电力滤波器谐波及无功电流检测的不必要性(二)-仿真及实验,电工技术学报,2007,221(2):132-136
[14]Torrey D A,Al-Zamel A M.Single-phase Active Power Filters for Multiple Nonlinear loads.IEEE Trans.Power Electron.1995,10(3):263-272.
[15]王立乔,邬伟扬.错时采样空间矢量调制的级联型多电平变流器及其在并联有源电力滤波器中的应用.电工技术学报,2006,21(12):90-97
[16]何英杰,邹云屏,刘飞等.高压大容量有源电力滤波器并联运行研究.电工技术学报,2007,22(6):94-100
[17]Peng F Z,Admas Donald J.Harmonic Sources and Filtering Approaches-series/parallel,active/passive,and their combined power filters.Industry Applications Conference,1999.Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE.1999,1(3):448-455
[18]Hideaki Fujita,Hifrofumi Akagi.A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power Systerms-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters,IEEE Transactions on Industry Application,1991,27(6):1020-1025
[19]徐永海,肖湘宁.低成本混合滤波方案及特性分析.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(12):5-8
[20]刘飞.中高压系统并联型混合有源电力滤波器研究.华中科技大学博士论文.2005
[21]Peng F Z.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-a combined system of shunt passive and series active filters,Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,1990,26(6):983-990
[22]Sriangthumrong S,Akagi H.A medium-voltage transformerless ac/dc power conversion system consisting of a diode rectifier and a shunt hybrid filter.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.,2003,39(3):874-882
[23]Akagi H,Srianthumrong S,Tamai Y.Comparisons in circuit configuration and filtering performance between hybrid and pure shunt active filters.Proc.IEEE/IAS Annu.Meeting,2003,2,1195-1202
[24]Akagi H.Active harmonic filters.Proc.IEEE,2005,93(12):2128-2141
[25]童立青,钱照明,邝乃兴,薛凌霄,彭方正.一种新型在线阻抗测量方法.电工技术学报,2008,23(1):137-142
[26]Ye Zhongmin,Dong B,Qian Zhaoming.A Novel Active Power Filter for High Voltage Application.PESC'98:1429-1435
[27]Sakui M,Fujita H,Shioya M.A method for calculating harmonic currents of a three-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier with DC filter,IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics,1989,36(3):434-440
[28]Sakui M,Fujita H.An analytical method for calculating harmonic currents of a three-phase diode-bridge rectifier with DC filter.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(6):631-637
[29]刘进军,卓放,王兆安.电容滤波型整流电路的网侧谐波分析.电力电子技术,1995,11(4):14-19
[30]裴云庆,姜桂宾,王兆安.LC滤波的三相桥式整流电路网侧谐波分析.电力电子技术,2003,37(3):34-36
[31]Yang Enxing,Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Hao,Chen Guozhu.A new Hybrid Active Power Filter Topology with Continuous Compensation Bandwidth and Small Active Capacity.APEC 08':1158-1162
[32]徐永海,肖湘宁,杨以涵,陈学允.低成本混合滤波方案及特性分析.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(12):5-8
[33]周柯,罗安,汤赐,唐杰,范瑞祥.一种大功率混合注入式有源电力滤波器的工程应用.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(22):80-86
[34]Akagi H,et al.Analysis and Design of an Active Power Filter using Quad-series Voltage Source PWM Converters.IEEE Trans.On IA,1990,26(1):93-98
[35]Tong Liqing,Qian Zhaoming,Peng Fangzheng,et al.Optimal design of synchronous reference frame harmonic detection method.IEEE PESC,2007:1071-1076
[36]范瑞祥,并联混合型有源电力滤波器的理论与应用研究,湖南大学博士论文,2007年1月。
[37]Srianthumrong S,Fujita H,and Akagi H.A medium-voltage transformerless ac/dc power conversion system consisting of a diode rectifier and a shunt active filters,in Conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting,2003:1195-1202
[38]王全保.电子变压器手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1998
[39]陈季权,王如玫.动态磁化特性模拟.变压器,2001,38(5):6-8
[40]Atmananad M A,Kumar V.Jagadeesh,Murti Vempati G K.A Novel Method of Measurement of L and C.IEEE Trans.on Instrument and Measurement,1995,44(4):898-903
[41]邓衍平,谢运祥,陈坤鹏,龚臣.一种新颖的磁耦合式无源无损吸收电路.电力电子技术,2005,39(1):51-52
[42]张帆.大功率集成化电力电子模块关键技术研究.浙江大学博士论文.2006
[2]IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems.IEEE Std.519,1992
[3]Limits for harmonic current emissions(Equipment input current≤16A per phase),EN 61000-3-2,1995
[4]Limitations of emission of harmonic current in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A,EN 61000-3-4,1998
[5]中国国家标准GB/T14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[6]陈仲,并联有源电力滤波器实用关键技术的研究,浙江大学博士论文,2005
[7]吴竞昌.供电系统.北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[8]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器.北京:科学出版社,2005
[9]马莉,周景海,吕征宇,钱照明.一种基于dq变换的改进型谐波检测方案的研究.中国电机工程学报,2000,20(10):55-58
[10]陈仲,徐德鸿.基于基波相位补偿策略的无延迟谐波检测.电力系统自动化,2005,29(10):50-54
[11]顾炜,电网谐波和无功电流实时检测技术的研究,福州大学硕士学位论文,2005
[12]王广柱,有源电力滤波器谐波及无功电流检测的不必要性(一),电工技术学报,2007,22(1):137-148
[13]王广柱,有源电力滤波器谐波及无功电流检测的不必要性(二)-仿真及实验,电工技术学报,2007,221(2):132-136
[14]Torrey D A,Al-Zamel A M.Single-phase Active Power Filters for Multiple Nonlinear loads.IEEE Trans.Power Electron.1995,10(3):263-272.
[15]王立乔,邬伟扬.错时采样空间矢量调制的级联型多电平变流器及其在并联有源电力滤波器中的应用.电工技术学报,2006,21(12):90-97
[16]何英杰,邹云屏,刘飞等.高压大容量有源电力滤波器并联运行研究.电工技术学报,2007,22(6):94-100
[17]Peng F Z,Admas Donald J.Harmonic Sources and Filtering Approaches-series/parallel,active/passive,and their combined power filters.Industry Applications Conference,1999.Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE.1999,1(3):448-455
[18]Hideaki Fujita,Hifrofumi Akagi.A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power Systerms-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters,IEEE Transactions on Industry Application,1991,27(6):1020-1025
[19]徐永海,肖湘宁.低成本混合滤波方案及特性分析.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(12):5-8
[20]刘飞.中高压系统并联型混合有源电力滤波器研究.华中科技大学博士论文.2005
[21]Peng F Z.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-a combined system of shunt passive and series active filters,Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions on,1990,26(6):983-990
[22]Sriangthumrong S,Akagi H.A medium-voltage transformerless ac/dc power conversion system consisting of a diode rectifier and a shunt hybrid filter.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.,2003,39(3):874-882
[23]Akagi H,Srianthumrong S,Tamai Y.Comparisons in circuit configuration and filtering performance between hybrid and pure shunt active filters.Proc.IEEE/IAS Annu.Meeting,2003,2,1195-1202
[24]Akagi H.Active harmonic filters.Proc.IEEE,2005,93(12):2128-2141
[25]童立青,钱照明,邝乃兴,薛凌霄,彭方正.一种新型在线阻抗测量方法.电工技术学报,2008,23(1):137-142
[26]Ye Zhongmin,Dong B,Qian Zhaoming.A Novel Active Power Filter for High Voltage Application.PESC'98:1429-1435
[27]Sakui M,Fujita H,Shioya M.A method for calculating harmonic currents of a three-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier with DC filter,IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics,1989,36(3):434-440
[28]Sakui M,Fujita H.An analytical method for calculating harmonic currents of a three-phase diode-bridge rectifier with DC filter.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(6):631-637
[29]刘进军,卓放,王兆安.电容滤波型整流电路的网侧谐波分析.电力电子技术,1995,11(4):14-19
[30]裴云庆,姜桂宾,王兆安.LC滤波的三相桥式整流电路网侧谐波分析.电力电子技术,2003,37(3):34-36
[31]Yang Enxing,Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Hao,Chen Guozhu.A new Hybrid Active Power Filter Topology with Continuous Compensation Bandwidth and Small Active Capacity.APEC 08':1158-1162
[32]徐永海,肖湘宁,杨以涵,陈学允.低成本混合滤波方案及特性分析.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(12):5-8
[33]周柯,罗安,汤赐,唐杰,范瑞祥.一种大功率混合注入式有源电力滤波器的工程应用.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(22):80-86
[34]Akagi H,et al.Analysis and Design of an Active Power Filter using Quad-series Voltage Source PWM Converters.IEEE Trans.On IA,1990,26(1):93-98
[35]Tong Liqing,Qian Zhaoming,Peng Fangzheng,et al.Optimal design of synchronous reference frame harmonic detection method.IEEE PESC,2007:1071-1076
[36]范瑞祥,并联混合型有源电力滤波器的理论与应用研究,湖南大学博士论文,2007年1月。
[37]Srianthumrong S,Fujita H,and Akagi H.A medium-voltage transformerless ac/dc power conversion system consisting of a diode rectifier and a shunt active filters,in Conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting,2003:1195-1202
[38]王全保.电子变压器手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1998
[39]陈季权,王如玫.动态磁化特性模拟.变压器,2001,38(5):6-8
[40]Atmananad M A,Kumar V.Jagadeesh,Murti Vempati G K.A Novel Method of Measurement of L and C.IEEE Trans.on Instrument and Measurement,1995,44(4):898-903
[41]邓衍平,谢运祥,陈坤鹏,龚臣.一种新颖的磁耦合式无源无损吸收电路.电力电子技术,2005,39(1):51-52
[42]张帆.大功率集成化电力电子模块关键技术研究.浙江大学博士论文.2006
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