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冶金用大电流高频开关电源技术研究
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摘要
电能是国民经济和人民生活的命脉,随着工业的发展和人民生活水平的提高,全球用电量每年持续增长。同时,随着非线性负载所占的比例也不断增加,导致了电能质量问题越来越严重。其中,电解、电镀等用电大户中的整流电源在工业用电量中占很大比列,因此,研究高效率、低谐波含量整流电源对提高电网电能质量和提高生产效率具有重要意义。
     针对大功率整流电源的谐波和转化效率问题,本文以合肥铜冠国轩铜材有限公司的整流电源技术改造项目为依托,详细阐述了传统整流电源存在的问题、传统整流电源的谐波治理技术、新型高频PWM开关电源三个方面的研究内容。研究重点及取得的成果主要体现在以下几个方面:
     (1)本文首先分析了基于整流二极管和三相相控整流桥的两种传统整流电源的结构和原理,然后从交流侧谐波电流含量和直流侧电源质量两个方面总结了传统整流电源存在的主要问题。
     (2)深入研究了低压有源滤波器的谐波电流检测算法和电压外环、电流内环的双闭环控制策略。对目前流行的基于傅里叶变换和基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波检测方法进行了性能比较研究。针对电流跟踪控制问题,分析了PI控制和无差拍控制的原理,并通过仿真实验对比了两种电流控制的效果,提出了基于无差拍电流内环控制的有源滤波器控制策略。同时,以并联混合型有源滤波器在传统整流电源谐波治理中的工程应用为例,详细阐述了低压滤波器器的控制系统、主电路及散热系统等的设计方法。
     (3)研究了一种高效率、低谐波含量的新型高频PWM开关电源。阐述了基于电压型逆变器和基于电流型逆变器的两种高频PWM开关电源的结构、原理及数学模型。并针对两种不同结构的高频PWM整流电源提出了基于负载功率前馈的无差拍控制方法和基于负载功率前馈的功率因数角闭环控制方法。最后,通过仿真实验效果对比,得出了基于电压型逆变器的高频PWM开关电源作为大功率整流电源结构时经济性能指标更优越的结论。
     (4)深入研究了多台新型高频PWM开关电源并联运行均流技术。通过分析几种常规均流技术的工作原理及其存在的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟内阻的多台高频开关电源并联运行自均流控制方法,仿真实验验证了所提均流技术的有效性。
     本文针对传统整流电源存在较大谐波电流的问题,研究了低压无源滤波器和有源滤波器的设计与控制技术,并结合工程实例阐明了综合两种滤波器技术的并联型有源电力滤波器的详细设计过程。这可以为目前广泛应用的传统整流电源的技术改造提供了借鉴经验和依据。此外,本文还研究了一种高频PWM开关电源的工作原理、控制策略以及多台高频开关电源并联运行自均流技术,为发展高效率、低谐波含量的新型整流电源提高了理论依据和工程经验。
Electrical energy plays an important role in the economic development and people's lives.With the development of industry and the improvement of people's living standard, Globalpower consumption growing every year. Meanwhile, as the proportion of nonlinear load is onthe increase, the power quality problems is becoming more and more serious. Among them,the rectifying power supply of the electrolysis, electroplating and other large powerconsumption hold large proportion in the industrial power. Therefore, the research onrectifying power supply with high efficiency and low harmonic content is of greatsignificance for improve power quality and enhance production efficiency.
     For decreasing the input current harmonic and enhancing the efficiency of conversion ofhigh power rectifier, based on the financial support of The Rectifier Source technicalimprovement Program of this paper hefei TongGuan GuoXuan Co., LTD., this paper statethree research contents such as the problems existing in the traditional rectifying powersupply, the harmonic treatment technology, a new high frequency PWM switch power supply.The emphasis and achievement of the paper mainly manifests in the following aspects:
     (1) This paper analyzes the operating principle and structure of two type traditionalrectifying power supply, which are based on rectifier diode and phase-control rectifier bridgerespectively. Then, the main problems existed in traditional rectifying power supply weresummarized respectively from two aspects such as harmonic current content on ac side andpower quality on dc side.
     (2) A deep research on low-voltage active filter harmonic current detection algorithmsand the double closed loop control strategy with outer voltage-loop and inner current-loop iscompleted in paper. The popular harmonic detection method based on Fourier transform andinstantaneous reactive power theory are investigated to compare them performance.According to the current tracking control problem, the operating principle of the PI controland deadbeat current control were analyzed respectively, and the deadbeat current controlbased control strategy for active power filters was put forward through the simulation resultscomparison. At the same time, take the engineering application of parallel hybrid active filterapplied in conventional rectifying power supply for example, a detailed explanation isdemonstrated in this paper, which is introduce the design method about control system oflow-voltage filter, main circuit and the design method of cooling system, etc.
     (3) This paper mainly focuses a novel high-frequency PWM swiching power supply withhigh efficient and low harmonic content. The structure, principle and mathematical model of two kinds of high-frequency PWM swiching power supply based on the voltage-sourceinverter and based on the current-source inverter are are described in this paper, respectively.The paper proposes the load power feedforward based deadbeat current control method for thevoltage-source inverter based high-frequency PWM rectifying power supply, and proposesthe load power feedforward based power factor angle closed-loop control method for thecurrent-source inverter based high-frequency PWM rectifying power supply. Finally, it isconcluded that the voltage-source inverter based high-frequency PWM switching powersupply economic has more superior performance index than current-source inverter basedhigh-frequency PWM rectifying power supply by comparing simulation effects.
     (4)Many sets of novel high-frequency PWM switching power supply parallel operatingin equal power flow is investigated in this paper. Through the analysis of several conventionaloperation technology in equal power flow and its existing problems, and puts forward a kindof power control method based on virtual internal impedance for many sets of high-frequencyswitching power supply parallel operating in paper. The simulation results verified theproposed power flow control technology is effective.
     This paper investigates the design and control technology of low voltage passive powerfilter(PPF) and active power filter(APF) to eliminate the harmonic current exist inconventional rectifying power supply, and describes in detail the design process of parallelactive power filter with advantages of PPF and APF based on engineering projects. This workcan be widely used for the technological improvement of traditional rectifying power supply.To research novel rectifying power supply with high efficiency and low harmonic content,this paper studies a kind of high-frequency PWM switching power supply, its workingprinciple, the control strategy and power control method in equal power flow for many sets ofhigh-frequency switching power supply parallel operating.
引文
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