荆岳大桥结构健康监测系统研究及应用
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摘要
随着我国综合国力的增长,国家在基础建设中的投入越来越大,近几年我国公路、铁路得到了跨越式的发展,作为公路和铁路交通网重要连接枢纽的桥梁也获得了前所未有的发展,我国已成为名副其实的桥梁大国。桥梁建成以后,交通荷载、人和环境因素的影响,材料的逐渐腐蚀老化和结构损伤的积累,将使桥梁的健康状况和承载能力随着时间的推移而逐渐降低,从而产生各种各样的病害,如果维护管理不当,不仅影响行车安全,而且会大幅度降低桥梁的设计使用寿命,因此,做好桥梁结构健康监测和安全状况评估,为桥梁安全运营、日常养护和科学管理提供科学依据,预防和减少灾害事故的发生,意义重大。
桥梁健康监测是对桥梁结构的无损检测,评价桥梁结构的使用状态,为桥梁的营运与管理提供依据和指导,从被相关学者提出至今,已经经历了一个较长的发展过程,其相关检测技术、数据处理方法和结构状况评估理论也不断完善,特别是光纤传感技术的出现,推动了桥梁健康监测的发展和进步。但是,在桥梁结构关键参量的检测技术、系统无缝集成技术、监测系统的工程实现方法以及结构状况评估的专家系统等直接影响系统功效的核心问题上还存在诸多的不足,致使系统的实用性、可用性较差。本论文以荆岳大桥结构健康监测系统的实施为背景,利用光纤智能材料与结构的技术优点,结合大桥的结构特点,研究了健康监测系统的构建。通过结构的危险性分析,确定了危及桥梁安全的关键参量,研究了其关键参量的检测技术与工程实现方法。基于光纤传输网络技术,实现了荆岳大桥多参数、大容量监测参量传感网络的设计与实现,以及对以光纤传感技术为主,传统检测技术为辅的系统无缝集成,保证了桥梁安全信息的实时采集、传输、存储与分析处理。桥梁健康状况评估系统的建立和C/S、B/S混合软件体系结构的编写,实现了完整、实用、操作性强的桥梁结构长期健康监测系统。
本文从事的主要研究工作如下：
1、阐述桥梁结构健康监测的意义,对桥梁健康监测国内外研究发展和现状进行总结,说明亟待解决的问题。结合荆岳大桥的结构特点,构建大桥结构健康监测系统,并对其监测项目组成、信号传输网络、计算机系统和应用系统的结构进行规划；
2、本研究在分析既有光纤光栅振动传感器结构和原理的基础上,提出了一种新型的光纤光栅振动传感器,并对其结构、检测原理进行了研究；
3、本研究利用光纤传感的技术优势,研制了一种预应力索索力损失在线监测的方法,可用于量化评价预应力混凝土连续梁桥运营期预应力损失大小,实际工程应用效果检验了设计方案的可行性;
4、斜拉索是斜拉桥的关键承载构件和病害易发构件,开展索力检测技术研究,对评估桥梁承载能力,分析其病害程度,制定维护保养决策有着重要的意义。本研究把光纤传感技术与制索工艺相结合,研究了一种内置光纤传感器的智能索索力检测方法,实现了缆索索力的在线监测；
5、在桥梁危险性分析的基础上,构建了以光纤传感技术为主的荆岳大桥结构健康全监测系统,系统检测项目涵盖桥梁荷载,结构静力响应,结构动力特性等与桥梁安全有关的多种信息,同时研究了保证大型监测系统多参量,多功能的软硬件系统集成技术,设计实现了功能完整的结构长期健康监测系统,并归纳总结了系统的工程实施关键技术；
6、阐述了阈值设定的意义和重要性,通过建模仿真计算了各监测参量的阈值,结合实采数据及分析展示了实现的主要软件功能,面向荆岳桥,设计了使用可变权的层次分析法对结构安全进行评价。
With the incrensing of the Chinese comprehensive national strength, more and more investment has been put into the national infrastructure, which immediately prompts our highway and railway great-leap-forward development. In recent years, as the connection hub of the traffic network, the bridges achieve a rapid unprecedented development, which brings the great fame for China in bridge field. However, the health of the bridges is usually influenced by the traffic load, human action and environment load, which cause the bridge diseases occur. The unscientific maintaining and monitoring for bridge, not only influences the safety of the traffic, but also reduces the bridge operational life. Consequently, the strucutural health condition has great significance to the safety and maintenance of the bridge.
The bridge health monitoring is a nondestructive test means, which can provide evidence and guidance for operation and management of the bridges. The bridges health monitoring has gone through a long process of development so far from been put forward by related scholars. Some techniques, namely, detection, data processing methods and structural condition assessment theories have been continuously improved. Although the emergence of optical fiber sensing technology promoted the development of bridge strucutural health monitoring. Some deficiencies that may influence the system efficiency and reduce the actual use effect still existed, such as the detection technology of the key parameters of the bridge structure, seamless integration technology, the engineering implementation method of monitoring system, the expert system of structural condition assessment and so on.
This paper takes the Jingyue Bridge as background, considering the bridge structural characteristics, a structural health monitoring system was built. Through the risk analysis of the structure, the key parameters and corresponding detection methods were determined. Based on optical fiber transmission network, large scale multi-parameter sensing network of Jingyue Bridge was designed and put into effect. The seamless integration techniques for different sensing parameters ensured the real-time acquisition, transmission, storage and analytical processing of the safety information of the bridge. The designed bridge health assessment expert system and practical C/S and B/S hybrid software system construction, realized the establishment of a complete, practical, availability, long-term health monitoring system.
The main research work as follows:
1. This paper stated the significance of the bridge structural health monitoring, the study and developed status of the health monitoring at home and abroad and some critical issues. Combined with the structural features of the Jingyue Bridge, the bridge structural health monitoring system has been built, and test items, signal network structure, computer systems and application systems have been planed.
2. On the basis of analyzing the structure and principle of the existing FBG vibration transducer, a new type of FBG vibration sensor and its structure and principle has been studied.
3. Based on the advantage of optical fiber sensing technique, a long-term online testing method for the bridge prestressed cable force was researched in this paper and the quantitative assessing method feasibility for the loss size of prestress for prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge during operation was verified by pratical engineering application.
4. The cable of cable-stayed bridge performed a vital loading role, and also, is a major diseases area. So it is significant to develop cable testing technology research for evaluating the loading capacity, analyzing the disease extent and providing maintenance strategy. This research combined the optical fiber sensing technology with fabricating cable progress, and put forward a smart cable structure with embedding optical fiber sensors, which was verified by construction and operation testing data.
5. Based on the risk analysis of the bridge, structural health monitoring system for Jingyue Bridge which adopted optical fiber sensing technology has been built. The system monitoring index included:the bridge load, the structure static response, structural and dynamic characteristics and some other safety information. The system integration technology for software and hardware was studied and a long-term structural health monitoring system with multi-parameter was designed and accomplished.
6. Described the meaning and importance of the structural safety threshold and gave the threshold setting for every sensor parameter by finite element modeling simulation. The variable weight of analytic hierarchy process used to assess the strucutural safety for Jingyue Bridge was introduced. Several key techniques for engineering construction were summarized. Based on some actual data analysis, the main software functions were presented.
桥梁健康监测是对桥梁结构的无损检测,评价桥梁结构的使用状态,为桥梁的营运与管理提供依据和指导,从被相关学者提出至今,已经经历了一个较长的发展过程,其相关检测技术、数据处理方法和结构状况评估理论也不断完善,特别是光纤传感技术的出现,推动了桥梁健康监测的发展和进步。但是,在桥梁结构关键参量的检测技术、系统无缝集成技术、监测系统的工程实现方法以及结构状况评估的专家系统等直接影响系统功效的核心问题上还存在诸多的不足,致使系统的实用性、可用性较差。本论文以荆岳大桥结构健康监测系统的实施为背景,利用光纤智能材料与结构的技术优点,结合大桥的结构特点,研究了健康监测系统的构建。通过结构的危险性分析,确定了危及桥梁安全的关键参量,研究了其关键参量的检测技术与工程实现方法。基于光纤传输网络技术,实现了荆岳大桥多参数、大容量监测参量传感网络的设计与实现,以及对以光纤传感技术为主,传统检测技术为辅的系统无缝集成,保证了桥梁安全信息的实时采集、传输、存储与分析处理。桥梁健康状况评估系统的建立和C/S、B/S混合软件体系结构的编写,实现了完整、实用、操作性强的桥梁结构长期健康监测系统。
本文从事的主要研究工作如下：
1、阐述桥梁结构健康监测的意义,对桥梁健康监测国内外研究发展和现状进行总结,说明亟待解决的问题。结合荆岳大桥的结构特点,构建大桥结构健康监测系统,并对其监测项目组成、信号传输网络、计算机系统和应用系统的结构进行规划；
2、本研究在分析既有光纤光栅振动传感器结构和原理的基础上,提出了一种新型的光纤光栅振动传感器,并对其结构、检测原理进行了研究；
3、本研究利用光纤传感的技术优势,研制了一种预应力索索力损失在线监测的方法,可用于量化评价预应力混凝土连续梁桥运营期预应力损失大小,实际工程应用效果检验了设计方案的可行性;
4、斜拉索是斜拉桥的关键承载构件和病害易发构件,开展索力检测技术研究,对评估桥梁承载能力,分析其病害程度,制定维护保养决策有着重要的意义。本研究把光纤传感技术与制索工艺相结合,研究了一种内置光纤传感器的智能索索力检测方法,实现了缆索索力的在线监测；
5、在桥梁危险性分析的基础上,构建了以光纤传感技术为主的荆岳大桥结构健康全监测系统,系统检测项目涵盖桥梁荷载,结构静力响应,结构动力特性等与桥梁安全有关的多种信息,同时研究了保证大型监测系统多参量,多功能的软硬件系统集成技术,设计实现了功能完整的结构长期健康监测系统,并归纳总结了系统的工程实施关键技术；
6、阐述了阈值设定的意义和重要性,通过建模仿真计算了各监测参量的阈值,结合实采数据及分析展示了实现的主要软件功能,面向荆岳桥,设计了使用可变权的层次分析法对结构安全进行评价。
With the incrensing of the Chinese comprehensive national strength, more and more investment has been put into the national infrastructure, which immediately prompts our highway and railway great-leap-forward development. In recent years, as the connection hub of the traffic network, the bridges achieve a rapid unprecedented development, which brings the great fame for China in bridge field. However, the health of the bridges is usually influenced by the traffic load, human action and environment load, which cause the bridge diseases occur. The unscientific maintaining and monitoring for bridge, not only influences the safety of the traffic, but also reduces the bridge operational life. Consequently, the strucutural health condition has great significance to the safety and maintenance of the bridge.
The bridge health monitoring is a nondestructive test means, which can provide evidence and guidance for operation and management of the bridges. The bridges health monitoring has gone through a long process of development so far from been put forward by related scholars. Some techniques, namely, detection, data processing methods and structural condition assessment theories have been continuously improved. Although the emergence of optical fiber sensing technology promoted the development of bridge strucutural health monitoring. Some deficiencies that may influence the system efficiency and reduce the actual use effect still existed, such as the detection technology of the key parameters of the bridge structure, seamless integration technology, the engineering implementation method of monitoring system, the expert system of structural condition assessment and so on.
This paper takes the Jingyue Bridge as background, considering the bridge structural characteristics, a structural health monitoring system was built. Through the risk analysis of the structure, the key parameters and corresponding detection methods were determined. Based on optical fiber transmission network, large scale multi-parameter sensing network of Jingyue Bridge was designed and put into effect. The seamless integration techniques for different sensing parameters ensured the real-time acquisition, transmission, storage and analytical processing of the safety information of the bridge. The designed bridge health assessment expert system and practical C/S and B/S hybrid software system construction, realized the establishment of a complete, practical, availability, long-term health monitoring system.
The main research work as follows:
1. This paper stated the significance of the bridge structural health monitoring, the study and developed status of the health monitoring at home and abroad and some critical issues. Combined with the structural features of the Jingyue Bridge, the bridge structural health monitoring system has been built, and test items, signal network structure, computer systems and application systems have been planed.
2. On the basis of analyzing the structure and principle of the existing FBG vibration transducer, a new type of FBG vibration sensor and its structure and principle has been studied.
3. Based on the advantage of optical fiber sensing technique, a long-term online testing method for the bridge prestressed cable force was researched in this paper and the quantitative assessing method feasibility for the loss size of prestress for prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge during operation was verified by pratical engineering application.
4. The cable of cable-stayed bridge performed a vital loading role, and also, is a major diseases area. So it is significant to develop cable testing technology research for evaluating the loading capacity, analyzing the disease extent and providing maintenance strategy. This research combined the optical fiber sensing technology with fabricating cable progress, and put forward a smart cable structure with embedding optical fiber sensors, which was verified by construction and operation testing data.
5. Based on the risk analysis of the bridge, structural health monitoring system for Jingyue Bridge which adopted optical fiber sensing technology has been built. The system monitoring index included:the bridge load, the structure static response, structural and dynamic characteristics and some other safety information. The system integration technology for software and hardware was studied and a long-term structural health monitoring system with multi-parameter was designed and accomplished.
6. Described the meaning and importance of the structural safety threshold and gave the threshold setting for every sensor parameter by finite element modeling simulation. The variable weight of analytic hierarchy process used to assess the strucutural safety for Jingyue Bridge was introduced. Several key techniques for engineering construction were summarized. Based on some actual data analysis, the main software functions were presented.
引文
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