基于Pushover分析的局部失效对RC框架结构抗震性能影响
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摘要
自1968年英国Ronan Point公寓倒塌事件发生以来,结构的连续倒塌越来越受到工程界的关注。40年来,国外已经编制了相应的设计规范,而我国也在制定相关的规范。连续倒塌主要考虑结构局部构件失效后,能否形成新的传力路径,使竖向荷载得到重新分配。地震作用下局部构件失效后,结构的荷载重分布涉及水平与竖向荷载,因此连续倒塌的一些研究方法对研究地震作用下的连续倒塌问题就不再适用,例如拆除构件法。但可以通过借鉴研究连续倒塌的一些研究思路来研究地震作用下构件截面及构件失效后对结构的影响。
利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对符合我国现行钢筋混凝土设计规范的四层、八层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行Pushover分析。通过研究构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效对结构周期、极限承载力、安全储备的影响,从中提出评估关键构件截面及构件的方法,并确定结构的关键构件截面和关键构件;研究构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效后结构层间位移角变化情况和梁端弯矩重分布情况,进而考查构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效对结构的影响范围。
对于中低层钢筋混凝土框架结构,结构的变形以剪切变形为主,造成结构的层间位移角底部楼层偏大而上部楼层较小。应用结构局部失效对结构的影响探讨通过强化结构的关键构件和弱化次要构件来实现结构层间位移角更加均匀的可行性。
The structural engineering community had begun to focus on the progressive collapse of structures since the collapse of the Ronan Point Tower in United Kingdom in 1968. A lot of researches on this issue were conducted in the past 40 years in the Europe and the United States, and many relevant design codes or guidelines have been published. Nowadays, China is developing code provision on the prevention of structural progressive collapse. Progressive collapse, due to the loss of one or more load-carrying members, mainly concerns on whether the structure can seek the alternative load path of transmitting the vertical loads to structural elements or not. When the local failure of the structure takes place under the earthquake excitation, the load redistribution of the structure involves the horizontal and vertical loads redistributions. Therefore, some research methods of progressive collapse are not suitable for researching the issues considering earthquake excitation, such as the alternative path method. However, it can reference the method of studying the progressive collapse to research the influence of member section failure or member failure on the structure under the earthquake excitation.
Two reinforced concrete frames designed according to current code (GB50011-2001) are analyzed with pushover analysis using the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. The influence of one end of member section failure and two end of member section failure under earthquake excitation on structural period, structural ultimate strength and structural safety margin is discussed. The method of identifying the relative importance member section and member is proposed, and the method is then used to find out the key member section and member. The study mainly focuses on the story drift and load redistribution which influenced by the member section failure failure under earthquake excitation.
For median and low-rise reinforced concrete frame, the structures are dominated by shear deformation, which leads to the story drift of the bottom story large while the upper story small. Using the influnce of local failure on the structures, the possibility of realizing homogenization of the story drift is discussed by strengthening the key member of the bottom story and weakening econdary member of the upper story.
利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对符合我国现行钢筋混凝土设计规范的四层、八层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行Pushover分析。通过研究构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效对结构周期、极限承载力、安全储备的影响,从中提出评估关键构件截面及构件的方法,并确定结构的关键构件截面和关键构件;研究构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效后结构层间位移角变化情况和梁端弯矩重分布情况,进而考查构件一端截面及构件两端截面失效对结构的影响范围。
对于中低层钢筋混凝土框架结构,结构的变形以剪切变形为主,造成结构的层间位移角底部楼层偏大而上部楼层较小。应用结构局部失效对结构的影响探讨通过强化结构的关键构件和弱化次要构件来实现结构层间位移角更加均匀的可行性。
The structural engineering community had begun to focus on the progressive collapse of structures since the collapse of the Ronan Point Tower in United Kingdom in 1968. A lot of researches on this issue were conducted in the past 40 years in the Europe and the United States, and many relevant design codes or guidelines have been published. Nowadays, China is developing code provision on the prevention of structural progressive collapse. Progressive collapse, due to the loss of one or more load-carrying members, mainly concerns on whether the structure can seek the alternative load path of transmitting the vertical loads to structural elements or not. When the local failure of the structure takes place under the earthquake excitation, the load redistribution of the structure involves the horizontal and vertical loads redistributions. Therefore, some research methods of progressive collapse are not suitable for researching the issues considering earthquake excitation, such as the alternative path method. However, it can reference the method of studying the progressive collapse to research the influence of member section failure or member failure on the structure under the earthquake excitation.
Two reinforced concrete frames designed according to current code (GB50011-2001) are analyzed with pushover analysis using the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. The influence of one end of member section failure and two end of member section failure under earthquake excitation on structural period, structural ultimate strength and structural safety margin is discussed. The method of identifying the relative importance member section and member is proposed, and the method is then used to find out the key member section and member. The study mainly focuses on the story drift and load redistribution which influenced by the member section failure failure under earthquake excitation.
For median and low-rise reinforced concrete frame, the structures are dominated by shear deformation, which leads to the story drift of the bottom story large while the upper story small. Using the influnce of local failure on the structures, the possibility of realizing homogenization of the story drift is discussed by strengthening the key member of the bottom story and weakening econdary member of the upper story.
引文
1 A. Jitendra, B. David, W. Norman. Vulnerability of structural systems. Structural Safety. 2003,25:263~286
2柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系.上海交通学学报. 2005 ,39(5):746~750
3张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构能量流网络及其初步应用.土木工程学报.2007,40(3):45~49
4高扬,刘西拉.结构鲁棒性评价中的结构重要性系数.岩石力学与工程学报. 2008, 27(12):2576~2577
5 American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE). Minimum design loads for building and other structures. ASCE7-05, Reston, Va.2006
6贾金刚,徐迎,石磊.关于“连续倒塌”定义的探讨.爆破. 2008,25(1):22~24
7 B. R. Ellingwood. Mitigating Risk from Abnormal Load and progressive Collapse. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006, 20(4):315~323
8 W. McGuire. Prevention of Progressive Collapse.Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Tall Buildings. Bangkok. Asian Institute of Technology, 1974.
9 E. F. P. Burnett. The Avoidance of Progressive Collapse: Regulatory Approaches to the Problem. NBS-GCR 75~48, WashingtonDC. National Bureau of Standards, 1975
10 J. E. Breen. Research Workshop on Progressive Collapse of Building Structures. Washington.D.C: National Bureau of Standards, 1975
11 E. V. Leyendechker, B. R. Ellingwood. Design Methods for Reducing the Risk of Progressive Collapse in Buildings. Washington.D.C: National Bureau of Standards, 1977
12 F. Y. Yokel, R. N. Wright, W. C. Stone. Progressive Collapse February, 1989:U.S.Office Building in Moscow. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. ASCE,1(3)
13 W. G. Corley, P. F. MlakarSr, M. A. Sozen, C. H. Thonrton. The Oklahoma City Bombing: Summary and Recommendations for Multihazard Mitigation. Journal of Performance Of Constructed Facilities. American Society of civil engineers,12(3)
14 M. A. Sozen, C. H. Thornton. The Oklahoma City Bombing: Structure Detailsand Possible Mechanisms for the Murrah Building. Journal of Performance Of Constructed Facilities. American Society of civil engineers,12(3):120~136
15 S. M. Baldridge, F. K. Humay. Preventing Progressive Collapse in Concrete Buliding. Concrete international,2003,11
16 T. Ngo, P. Mendis. Behavior of High-strength Concrete Columns Subjected to Blast Loading. Advanced in Structures, Steel, Concrete, Composite and Aluminum. Sydney,2003
17 G. Kaewkulchai, E. B. Williamson. Dynamic Behavior of Planar Frames during Progressive Collapse. Proc. 16th Engineering Mechanics Conference. University of Washington Seattle,2003
18 A. Astaneh-Asl. Progressive Collapse Prevention in New and Existing Building. Proc.of the 9th Arab Sructural Engineering. UAE,2003:1001~1008
19 G. Powell. Progressive Collapse: Case Studies Using Nonlinear Analysis. SEAOC Annual Convention Proceedings. Monterey ,2005
20 G. Kaewkulchai,E. B. Williamson.Modeling the Impact of Failed Members for Progressive Collapse Analysis of Frame Structures. Journal of Performance of Construction Facilities. ASCE, 2006, 20(4):375~383
21于山,苏幼坡.钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计.地震工程与工程震动. 2005, 25(5):67~72.
22胡晓斌,钱稼茹.结构连续倒塌分析与设计方法综述.建筑结构. 2006,第36卷增刊:79~82
23梁益,陆新征. 3层RC框架的抗连续倒塌设计.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2007, 8(6):659～663.
24师燕超,李忠献.爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的连续倒塌分析.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,8(6):652~658.
25陈俊岭,马人乐.偶然事件下框架结构抗连续倒塌分析.四川建筑科学研究. 2007, 33(1):65~68
26谷音,范立础.结构抗连锁倒塌问题研究.自然灾害学报. 2007, 16(6): 74~80
27张建强,陈向东.高层框架—剪力墙结构连续倒塌风险评估.山西建筑. 2008, 34(11):83~84.
28江晓峰,陈以一.建筑结构连续性倒塌及其控制设计的研究现状.土木工程学报. 2008,41 (6):1~7
29易伟建,何庆峰,肖岩.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的试验研究.建筑结构学报. 2007, 28(5):104~117
30李易,陆新征等.结构抗连续倒塌的拉接强度设计方法.第十届全国混凝土结构基本理论及工程应用学术会议论文集.大连,2008: 391~396.
31曹兔荣,严林木,张锦屏.防止砌体房屋连续倒塌几点措施.低温建筑技术. 2001,(2):73~ 74
32 BS8110-l: 1997. Structural Use of Concrete: Part l: Code of Practice for Design and Construction.British Standards Institution. London,8~20
33 Draft PrEN1991-1-7. Eurocode1-Actions on Structures,Part1-7:General Actions-Accidental actions. European Committee for Standardization. 2005
34 GSA2003. Progressive Collapse Analysis and Design Guidelines for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Project.U.S.General Services Administration. 2003
35 UFC4-023-03. Design of Structures to Resist Progressive Collapse.Department of Defence. 2005
36 A. Osama, Mohamed. Progressive Collapse of Structures:Annotated Bibliography and Comparison of Codes and Standards. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006, 20(4):418~425
37 A. John,M. Alain,P. Gary.Study of Mitigation Strategies for Progressive Collapse of a Reinforced Concrete Commercial Building. Jounal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006,20(4):384~390
38雷拓,钱江,刘成清.混凝土损伤塑性模型应用研究.结构工程师. 2008,2
39周凯敏,吴炎海. ABAQUS在混凝土开孔梁模拟中的应用.第十三届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议论文集.佛山,2006
40过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形-实验基础和本构关系.清华大学出版社, 1997:33~92
41凌炯.面向对象开放程序OpenSees在钢筋混凝土结构非线性分析中的应用与初步开发.重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2004:10~13
42 ABAQUS. Abaqus Theory Manual. 2008
43 J. Lubliner, J. Oliver, S. Oller, E. Onate. A Plastic-Damaged Model For Concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1989,25(3):299~329
44张劲,王庆扬,胡守营. ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型参数验证.建筑结构. 2008, 38(8):127~128
45 J. Lee, G. L. Fenves. Plastic-Damaged Model For Cyclic Loading of Concrete Structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 1998,124(8):829~900
46 D. C. Drucker,W. Prager. Soil Mechanics and Plastic Analysis or Limit Design. Quarterly of applied mathematics. 1952,10(2):157~165
47 T. S. Jan, M. W. Liu, Y. C. Kao. An Upper-bound Pushover Analysis Procedure for Estimating the Seismic Demands of High-rise Building. Journal of engineering structures. 2004,26(1):117~128
48叶列平,曲哲等.建筑结构的抗倒塌能力—汶川地震建筑震害的教训.建筑结构学报. 2008,29(4):42~50
49 X. K. Zou, C. M. Chan. An Optimal Resizing Technique for Seismic Drift Design of Concrete Building Subjected to Response Spectrum and Time History Loading. Computers and Structures. 2005,83(19-20):1689~1704
50 X. Zhang, K. K. F. Wong, Y. Wang. Performance Assessment of Moment Resisting Frames During Earthquakes Based on the Force Analogy Method. Engineering Structures. 2007,29(10):2792~2802
51 R. Sadjadi, M. R. Kianoush, S. Talebi. Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames. Engineering Structures. 2007,29(9):2365~2380
52黄宗明,白绍良,赖明.结构地震反映时程分析中的阻尼问题评述.地震工程与工程振动. 1996,16(2):95~105
53白绍良,黄宗明,肖明葵.结构抗震设计的能量分析方法研究评述.建筑结构. 1997,(4):54~58
54刘波,肖明葵,赖明.结构地震总输入能量的分配.重庆大学学报. 1996, 18(2):100~109
55 D. G. Lee, W. H. Choi, M. C. Cheong, D. K. Kim. Evalution of Seismic Performance of Multistory Building Structures Based on the Equivalent Responses. Engineering Structures. 2006,28(6):837~856
2柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系.上海交通学学报. 2005 ,39(5):746~750
3张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构能量流网络及其初步应用.土木工程学报.2007,40(3):45~49
4高扬,刘西拉.结构鲁棒性评价中的结构重要性系数.岩石力学与工程学报. 2008, 27(12):2576~2577
5 American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE). Minimum design loads for building and other structures. ASCE7-05, Reston, Va.2006
6贾金刚,徐迎,石磊.关于“连续倒塌”定义的探讨.爆破. 2008,25(1):22~24
7 B. R. Ellingwood. Mitigating Risk from Abnormal Load and progressive Collapse. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006, 20(4):315~323
8 W. McGuire. Prevention of Progressive Collapse.Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Tall Buildings. Bangkok. Asian Institute of Technology, 1974.
9 E. F. P. Burnett. The Avoidance of Progressive Collapse: Regulatory Approaches to the Problem. NBS-GCR 75~48, WashingtonDC. National Bureau of Standards, 1975
10 J. E. Breen. Research Workshop on Progressive Collapse of Building Structures. Washington.D.C: National Bureau of Standards, 1975
11 E. V. Leyendechker, B. R. Ellingwood. Design Methods for Reducing the Risk of Progressive Collapse in Buildings. Washington.D.C: National Bureau of Standards, 1977
12 F. Y. Yokel, R. N. Wright, W. C. Stone. Progressive Collapse February, 1989:U.S.Office Building in Moscow. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. ASCE,1(3)
13 W. G. Corley, P. F. MlakarSr, M. A. Sozen, C. H. Thonrton. The Oklahoma City Bombing: Summary and Recommendations for Multihazard Mitigation. Journal of Performance Of Constructed Facilities. American Society of civil engineers,12(3)
14 M. A. Sozen, C. H. Thornton. The Oklahoma City Bombing: Structure Detailsand Possible Mechanisms for the Murrah Building. Journal of Performance Of Constructed Facilities. American Society of civil engineers,12(3):120~136
15 S. M. Baldridge, F. K. Humay. Preventing Progressive Collapse in Concrete Buliding. Concrete international,2003,11
16 T. Ngo, P. Mendis. Behavior of High-strength Concrete Columns Subjected to Blast Loading. Advanced in Structures, Steel, Concrete, Composite and Aluminum. Sydney,2003
17 G. Kaewkulchai, E. B. Williamson. Dynamic Behavior of Planar Frames during Progressive Collapse. Proc. 16th Engineering Mechanics Conference. University of Washington Seattle,2003
18 A. Astaneh-Asl. Progressive Collapse Prevention in New and Existing Building. Proc.of the 9th Arab Sructural Engineering. UAE,2003:1001~1008
19 G. Powell. Progressive Collapse: Case Studies Using Nonlinear Analysis. SEAOC Annual Convention Proceedings. Monterey ,2005
20 G. Kaewkulchai,E. B. Williamson.Modeling the Impact of Failed Members for Progressive Collapse Analysis of Frame Structures. Journal of Performance of Construction Facilities. ASCE, 2006, 20(4):375~383
21于山,苏幼坡.钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计.地震工程与工程震动. 2005, 25(5):67~72.
22胡晓斌,钱稼茹.结构连续倒塌分析与设计方法综述.建筑结构. 2006,第36卷增刊:79~82
23梁益,陆新征. 3层RC框架的抗连续倒塌设计.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2007, 8(6):659～663.
24师燕超,李忠献.爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的连续倒塌分析.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,8(6):652~658.
25陈俊岭,马人乐.偶然事件下框架结构抗连续倒塌分析.四川建筑科学研究. 2007, 33(1):65~68
26谷音,范立础.结构抗连锁倒塌问题研究.自然灾害学报. 2007, 16(6): 74~80
27张建强,陈向东.高层框架—剪力墙结构连续倒塌风险评估.山西建筑. 2008, 34(11):83~84.
28江晓峰,陈以一.建筑结构连续性倒塌及其控制设计的研究现状.土木工程学报. 2008,41 (6):1~7
29易伟建,何庆峰,肖岩.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的试验研究.建筑结构学报. 2007, 28(5):104~117
30李易,陆新征等.结构抗连续倒塌的拉接强度设计方法.第十届全国混凝土结构基本理论及工程应用学术会议论文集.大连,2008: 391~396.
31曹兔荣,严林木,张锦屏.防止砌体房屋连续倒塌几点措施.低温建筑技术. 2001,(2):73~ 74
32 BS8110-l: 1997. Structural Use of Concrete: Part l: Code of Practice for Design and Construction.British Standards Institution. London,8~20
33 Draft PrEN1991-1-7. Eurocode1-Actions on Structures,Part1-7:General Actions-Accidental actions. European Committee for Standardization. 2005
34 GSA2003. Progressive Collapse Analysis and Design Guidelines for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Project.U.S.General Services Administration. 2003
35 UFC4-023-03. Design of Structures to Resist Progressive Collapse.Department of Defence. 2005
36 A. Osama, Mohamed. Progressive Collapse of Structures:Annotated Bibliography and Comparison of Codes and Standards. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006, 20(4):418~425
37 A. John,M. Alain,P. Gary.Study of Mitigation Strategies for Progressive Collapse of a Reinforced Concrete Commercial Building. Jounal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006,20(4):384~390
38雷拓,钱江,刘成清.混凝土损伤塑性模型应用研究.结构工程师. 2008,2
39周凯敏,吴炎海. ABAQUS在混凝土开孔梁模拟中的应用.第十三届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议论文集.佛山,2006
40过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形-实验基础和本构关系.清华大学出版社, 1997:33~92
41凌炯.面向对象开放程序OpenSees在钢筋混凝土结构非线性分析中的应用与初步开发.重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2004:10~13
42 ABAQUS. Abaqus Theory Manual. 2008
43 J. Lubliner, J. Oliver, S. Oller, E. Onate. A Plastic-Damaged Model For Concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1989,25(3):299~329
44张劲,王庆扬,胡守营. ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型参数验证.建筑结构. 2008, 38(8):127~128
45 J. Lee, G. L. Fenves. Plastic-Damaged Model For Cyclic Loading of Concrete Structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 1998,124(8):829~900
46 D. C. Drucker,W. Prager. Soil Mechanics and Plastic Analysis or Limit Design. Quarterly of applied mathematics. 1952,10(2):157~165
47 T. S. Jan, M. W. Liu, Y. C. Kao. An Upper-bound Pushover Analysis Procedure for Estimating the Seismic Demands of High-rise Building. Journal of engineering structures. 2004,26(1):117~128
48叶列平,曲哲等.建筑结构的抗倒塌能力—汶川地震建筑震害的教训.建筑结构学报. 2008,29(4):42~50
49 X. K. Zou, C. M. Chan. An Optimal Resizing Technique for Seismic Drift Design of Concrete Building Subjected to Response Spectrum and Time History Loading. Computers and Structures. 2005,83(19-20):1689~1704
50 X. Zhang, K. K. F. Wong, Y. Wang. Performance Assessment of Moment Resisting Frames During Earthquakes Based on the Force Analogy Method. Engineering Structures. 2007,29(10):2792~2802
51 R. Sadjadi, M. R. Kianoush, S. Talebi. Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames. Engineering Structures. 2007,29(9):2365~2380
52黄宗明,白绍良,赖明.结构地震反映时程分析中的阻尼问题评述.地震工程与工程振动. 1996,16(2):95~105
53白绍良,黄宗明,肖明葵.结构抗震设计的能量分析方法研究评述.建筑结构. 1997,(4):54~58
54刘波,肖明葵,赖明.结构地震总输入能量的分配.重庆大学学报. 1996, 18(2):100~109
55 D. G. Lee, W. H. Choi, M. C. Cheong, D. K. Kim. Evalution of Seismic Performance of Multistory Building Structures Based on the Equivalent Responses. Engineering Structures. 2006,28(6):837~856
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