梅河矿高应力煤巷锚网索支护技术研究
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摘要
近年来随着煤矿资源量的日益开采,浅部煤层资源量逐渐减少,开采深度逐年加深,高应力问题成为危及深部矿井巷道支护的主要问题。从上世纪中叶开始,锚杆支护技术在煤矿巷道支护中得到广泛应用,已经成为煤矿巷道支护的主流。由于深部高应力矿井,地应力较高、围岩变形大等特点,单纯的锚杆支护或棚式支护已经难以胜任,难以保证巷道长期稳定及为工作面顺利回采服务。因此,联合支护成为深部高应力矿井支护研究和发展的方向。
论文以梅河矿具体工程地质条件为基础,对梅河矿1601工作面现已支护的巷道现状进行研究其破坏的原因,通过对巷道围岩物理力学参数的测定、巷道围岩松动圈和地应力的测量,经过分析研究后确定了该工作面两巷为高应力煤巷及该煤层具备高应力显现的条件。通过对国内外对高应力巷道支护理论的研究,提出了适合该矿1601工作面两巷的“锚杆+锚索+金属网+钢筋梯+喷射混凝土+可缩性金属支架”支护设计方案,并对支护方案进行Flac数值模拟和实施试验巷道的现场试验,以及对巷道进行矿压观测。从试验巷道的宏观效果和矿压观测结果来看,论证了本支护设计的具备合理性和适用性,为该矿高应力煤层巷道支护提供技术参考,解决了该矿高应力煤巷的支护难题。
Recent years, with the increasing exploitation of coal resources, coal resources in shallow gradually reduce year by year, but mining depth is much deeper. High stress is main problem which threaten roadway support for deep mine. From the middle of last century, the bolting was widely used, and has become the mainstream for coal mine roadway support. Due to characteristics of high stress, large rock deformation in deep mine, simple bolting or shed-style competence support has been difficult to ensure roadway stability for long time and provide services for face mining successfully. Therefore, the support research and development for deep and high stress mine is to warding combined support.
In this paper, with specific geological conditions in Mei He coal mine, through anglicizing on existing support status in working face NO. 1601 and the determination of rock, the surrounding rock loose circle and the ground stress ,we have analyzed the two rodaways are high stress and they have the conditions of high stress appearance.Based on research on support theory of high stress roadway at home and abroad, the support program is proposed for the working face NO.1601 that the "bolt + anchor + metal mesh + reinforced ladder + concrete + plastic metal stents". In view of the program, numerical simulation with FLAC and field test has been carried out. The pressure observation has been done for the test roadway. The Macro-test results and pressure observations proved that the design program is rationality and applicability. It provides technical information to the high stress roadway support. It solves seam support problems under high stress.
论文以梅河矿具体工程地质条件为基础,对梅河矿1601工作面现已支护的巷道现状进行研究其破坏的原因,通过对巷道围岩物理力学参数的测定、巷道围岩松动圈和地应力的测量,经过分析研究后确定了该工作面两巷为高应力煤巷及该煤层具备高应力显现的条件。通过对国内外对高应力巷道支护理论的研究,提出了适合该矿1601工作面两巷的“锚杆+锚索+金属网+钢筋梯+喷射混凝土+可缩性金属支架”支护设计方案,并对支护方案进行Flac数值模拟和实施试验巷道的现场试验,以及对巷道进行矿压观测。从试验巷道的宏观效果和矿压观测结果来看,论证了本支护设计的具备合理性和适用性,为该矿高应力煤层巷道支护提供技术参考,解决了该矿高应力煤巷的支护难题。
Recent years, with the increasing exploitation of coal resources, coal resources in shallow gradually reduce year by year, but mining depth is much deeper. High stress is main problem which threaten roadway support for deep mine. From the middle of last century, the bolting was widely used, and has become the mainstream for coal mine roadway support. Due to characteristics of high stress, large rock deformation in deep mine, simple bolting or shed-style competence support has been difficult to ensure roadway stability for long time and provide services for face mining successfully. Therefore, the support research and development for deep and high stress mine is to warding combined support.
In this paper, with specific geological conditions in Mei He coal mine, through anglicizing on existing support status in working face NO. 1601 and the determination of rock, the surrounding rock loose circle and the ground stress ,we have analyzed the two rodaways are high stress and they have the conditions of high stress appearance.Based on research on support theory of high stress roadway at home and abroad, the support program is proposed for the working face NO.1601 that the "bolt + anchor + metal mesh + reinforced ladder + concrete + plastic metal stents". In view of the program, numerical simulation with FLAC and field test has been carried out. The pressure observation has been done for the test roadway. The Macro-test results and pressure observations proved that the design program is rationality and applicability. It provides technical information to the high stress roadway support. It solves seam support problems under high stress.
引文
[1]国土资源部.《全国矿产资源规划(2008-16015年)》,2008
[2] F.O.Franclss. Weak Rock Tunneling.A.A.Balkema press,1997
[3]史元伟等著.国内外煤矿深部开采岩层控制技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009
[4]王伟深部煤矿支护技术分析[J].煤矿开采,2009年02期
[5]赖应得;钱佩,用能量支护理论设计井巷锚喷支护,煤矿设计,1993年04期
[6]孙广忠.围岩弱化原理及其分析[J].地质科学,1989, (4): 385-392
[7]李庶杰,桑玉法.应力控制技术及其应用综述[J].岩土力学,1997,14(3):5-14
[8]陈宗基.中国土力学岩体力学中若干重要问题的看法[J].土木工程学报,1963,9(5)
[9]于学馥,乔端.轴变论和围岩稳定轴比规律[J].有色金属,1981,(3)
[10] S.R.Newson use of Roof bolting in Mines in West Germany and France Mining Engineer,1986,1
[11]方祖烈.拉压区特征及主次承载区的支护理论[M].世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999
[12]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及其应用技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[13]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:高等教育版社,2004
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[15]郑雨天,祝顺义等.软岩巷道喷锚网—弧板复合支护试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,(01)
[16]煤炭工业部生产司.巷道金属支架系列[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1987,6.
[17]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002, 33 (5): 524-527.
[18]孙晓明,煤矿软岩巷道耦合支护理论研究及其设计系统开发[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京校区),2002.
[19]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32 (12):1233-1237.
[20] G.O.Mills.Hermite Interpolation of scattered data based on the assistant surface[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China), 2006, (02) .
[21]周恒.软岩巷道锚杆和锚注支护共同作用机理研究及应用[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
[22]杨志国,于润沧,郭然.深部高应力区采矿研究综述[J].金属矿山,2007(03).
[23]中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体质量分级(GB50218-94)[SJ.北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[24]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[25]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[26]安欧.构造应力场[M].北京:地震出版社.1992.
[27] R.E.Googman.岩石力学原理及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[28]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[29]朱学军,杜兵,赵方敏.深部高应力巷道矿压显现与控制[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,03
[30]李琰庆,何礼品,崔宁宁.深部高应力软岩巷道支护技术优化实践[J].中国矿山工程,16010,39(04)
[31]安智海等.巷道顶板离层方式及主要影响因素[J].煤炭科技,2008,1
[32]陈庆敏,郭颂等.煤巷锚杆支护新理论与设计方法[J],矿山压力顶板管理,2006.01
[33]王广徳.复杂条件下围岩分类研究博士学位论文[D].2006.5,成都理工大学
[34] Kawamoto T,Ichikawa Y,Kyaya T,Deformation and fracturingbehaviour of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory,Int.J.Num.Analy.meth.Geomech,Vol.12,1988
[35]陈炎光,陆世良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1994,56.
[36]刘奎景.高应力软岩巷道围岩控制理论与实践[J],煤矿安全,2008,10
[37]李德喜,丁强,顾新泽.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害动态防治技术[J].煤矿开采,2008.2.
[38]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[ J ] .《岩土工程学报》,2008 (5) : 6331
[39] Chai Jing,su puzheng,LiuJinan.Study on simulation experiment of equivalent material applind in coal mine[J],Journal of science&engineering,June1998,No.1,45～50
[40]康红普,林健,吴拥政等.高应力巷道强力锚杆支护技术及应用[ J ].第十届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集,2008 (5) :71-78
[41]鞠文君.锚杆支护巷道顶板离层机理与监测[J].煤炭学报,2006,25(增刊)
[42]刘长武,郭永峰.锚网(索)支护煤巷顶板离层临界值分析[J].岩土力学,2007,24(增刊).
[43] Scoh.J.Underground.miningpractical.rock.mechnics.Miningengineering,1991
[2] F.O.Franclss. Weak Rock Tunneling.A.A.Balkema press,1997
[3]史元伟等著.国内外煤矿深部开采岩层控制技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009
[4]王伟深部煤矿支护技术分析[J].煤矿开采,2009年02期
[5]赖应得;钱佩,用能量支护理论设计井巷锚喷支护,煤矿设计,1993年04期
[6]孙广忠.围岩弱化原理及其分析[J].地质科学,1989, (4): 385-392
[7]李庶杰,桑玉法.应力控制技术及其应用综述[J].岩土力学,1997,14(3):5-14
[8]陈宗基.中国土力学岩体力学中若干重要问题的看法[J].土木工程学报,1963,9(5)
[9]于学馥,乔端.轴变论和围岩稳定轴比规律[J].有色金属,1981,(3)
[10] S.R.Newson use of Roof bolting in Mines in West Germany and France Mining Engineer,1986,1
[11]方祖烈.拉压区特征及主次承载区的支护理论[M].世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999
[12]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及其应用技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[13]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:高等教育版社,2004
[14]朱效嘉.锚杆支护理论进展[J].光爆锚喷,1996(1)
[15]郑雨天,祝顺义等.软岩巷道喷锚网—弧板复合支护试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,(01)
[16]煤炭工业部生产司.巷道金属支架系列[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1987,6.
[17]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002, 33 (5): 524-527.
[18]孙晓明,煤矿软岩巷道耦合支护理论研究及其设计系统开发[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京校区),2002.
[19]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32 (12):1233-1237.
[20] G.O.Mills.Hermite Interpolation of scattered data based on the assistant surface[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China), 2006, (02) .
[21]周恒.软岩巷道锚杆和锚注支护共同作用机理研究及应用[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
[22]杨志国,于润沧,郭然.深部高应力区采矿研究综述[J].金属矿山,2007(03).
[23]中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体质量分级(GB50218-94)[SJ.北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[24]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[25]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[26]安欧.构造应力场[M].北京:地震出版社.1992.
[27] R.E.Googman.岩石力学原理及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[28]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[29]朱学军,杜兵,赵方敏.深部高应力巷道矿压显现与控制[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,03
[30]李琰庆,何礼品,崔宁宁.深部高应力软岩巷道支护技术优化实践[J].中国矿山工程,16010,39(04)
[31]安智海等.巷道顶板离层方式及主要影响因素[J].煤炭科技,2008,1
[32]陈庆敏,郭颂等.煤巷锚杆支护新理论与设计方法[J],矿山压力顶板管理,2006.01
[33]王广徳.复杂条件下围岩分类研究博士学位论文[D].2006.5,成都理工大学
[34] Kawamoto T,Ichikawa Y,Kyaya T,Deformation and fracturingbehaviour of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory,Int.J.Num.Analy.meth.Geomech,Vol.12,1988
[35]陈炎光,陆世良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1994,56.
[36]刘奎景.高应力软岩巷道围岩控制理论与实践[J],煤矿安全,2008,10
[37]李德喜,丁强,顾新泽.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害动态防治技术[J].煤矿开采,2008.2.
[38]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[ J ] .《岩土工程学报》,2008 (5) : 6331
[39] Chai Jing,su puzheng,LiuJinan.Study on simulation experiment of equivalent material applind in coal mine[J],Journal of science&engineering,June1998,No.1,45～50
[40]康红普,林健,吴拥政等.高应力巷道强力锚杆支护技术及应用[ J ].第十届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集,2008 (5) :71-78
[41]鞠文君.锚杆支护巷道顶板离层机理与监测[J].煤炭学报,2006,25(增刊)
[42]刘长武,郭永峰.锚网(索)支护煤巷顶板离层临界值分析[J].岩土力学,2007,24(增刊).
[43] Scoh.J.Underground.miningpractical.rock.mechnics.Miningengineering,1991