滇藏铁路金沙江河谷段工程地质条件研究
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摘要
滇藏铁路是我国正在重点规划建设的铁路干线之一,目前采取分段实施的新思路。其中,滇藏铁路丽江-香格里拉段经过的金沙江河谷区地质条件比较复杂,铁路如何跨越金沙江以及如何合理地选择桥位,成为制约本段铁路线位走向的关键问题。鉴于此,本文选择滇藏铁路金沙江河谷段为研究区,采用多学科理论和方法,在拟选金沙江大桥桥位稳定性分析的基础上,对滇藏铁路金沙江河谷段工程地质条件进行综合评价研究。
本文在区域地质背景分析的基础上,阐述了研究区新构造运动和主要活动断裂的特征,认为对金沙江河谷段铁路工程建设存在影响的活动断裂主要有中甸断裂和龙蟠-乔后断裂。同时,根据金沙江河谷段的地形地貌、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、水文地质条件和地质灾害发育状况等因素分析,认为位于金沙江虎跳峡上峡口一带的下落鱼桥址工程地质条件相对较好。论文针对可能影响该桥位安全的河谷两岸高边坡及左岸桥位上游冷都复杂斜坡体的稳定性进行了深入研究。工程地质分析和弹塑性有限元模拟结果表明,在自重应力场作用和地震作用下,河谷左岸坡脚附近岩体内存在塑性区,右岸松散堆积体的下部也存在小范围的塑性区;在水库蓄水条件下,塑性区的位置集中分布在左岸库水位与边坡接触带附近。位于桥址上游的冷都复杂斜坡体,在空间上可分为三个部分:香格里拉三中-江口的斜坡带、长胜-核咱古滑坡发育区和石布各东北部的基岩发育区。作者采用瑞典条分法、简化Bishop法和Janbu法,对长胜-核咱古滑坡体在天然状况、地震作用、蓄水以及降雨作用等多种工况下的稳定性分别进行了计算分析。结果表明,该古滑坡体在目前状况下处于稳定状态,稳定系数为1.257～1.413,在降雨条件下稳定系数稍低,为0.929～1.043,在7～9级地震作用下该古滑坡体稳定系数值分布在0.960～1.315之间,但在地震和降雨联合作用下稳定性变得很差,稳定系数为0.861～0.960。为了验证上述结果,作者采用条分法数值解和Monte-Carlo模拟法相结合,对长胜-核咱古滑坡的可靠度进行了计算。通过上述计算和综合分析认为,从工程地质条件角度,下落鱼桥位基本上是适宜的。
为了更好地指导铁路规划和指导今后的工程地质勘察工作,在金沙江大桥桥位确定的基础上,采用基于GIS层次分析法原理。综合考虑地形坡度、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、地质灾害发育现状、地震动峰值加速度、活动断裂发育状况、微地貌类型、人类工程活动、降水量(主要考虑垂直降水量差别)、距离沟谷距离等10个方面的因素,在专家打分的基础上用层次分析法计算出各影响指标权重,借助MapGIS 6.7和ArcGIS 9.1软件平台,完成了研究区工程地质条件分区评价。将研究区划分为工程地质条件好、较好、中等和差4类。根据分区结果,下落鱼桥位主要通过工程地质条件较好和工程地质条件中等区,说明前文的分析和计算是正确的。本文所采用的技术方法和研究思路对其它地区相似工程地质问题的研究具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。
The Yunnan-Tibet railway is one of the most important planning railways of China. And it has been aparted to several subsections and each subsection will be constructed individiualy. The Jinsha River valley, which is on the route of the Lijiang– Shangrila subsection and the geological conditions are comparatively complex. How to bridging over and where to locate the bridge are the key issues which restrict the railway orientation. Therefore, this study selects the Jinsha River valley as the study area and applies multi-subjects theories and methods to assess the Jinsha River valley geological conditions, and analyses the slope stability of the potential bridge location as well.
Based on the analysis of the regional geological background, this paper reviews the features of the neotectonic movements and main active faults in the study area, and reveals that the Zhongdian fault and the Longpan-Qiaohou fault are the main active faults which to some extent affect the Jinsha River Bridge project. The analyses of the topography features, geological and hydrogeological conditions and the Geo-hazards distribution of the whole study area indicates that the engineering geological conditions of the Xialuoyu Bridge near the Shangxiakou of tiger leaping gorge is relative better. This paper lucubrate the stability of the high slopes of the valley and the Lengdu complex slope body which affect the bridge safty. Engineering geological analysis and the elastic-plastic finite element simulation results indicate that: 1) There is plastic zone in the left valley bottom slope with the effects of gravity and earthquake, and there is small plastic area at the lower part of the right valley loose debris; 2) When the portential downriver reservoir were on the high water level, the plastic location concentrates in the left side at the vicinity of the same hight of the water level. The Lengdu complex slope body can be divided into three parts: the slope section from the ShangriLa No.3 high school to the estuary, the ancient landslide section from Changsheng to Hezan, and the bedrock section at the Northeast of Shibuge. The author calculates and analyses the stability of the ancient landslide section from Changsheng to Hezan using the Swedish slice method, Janbu method and the simplified Bishop method, with the conditions of the current status, earthquake, water storage and rainfall. The quantitative calculation results show that the ancient landslides is stable and of high reliability with the safty coefficient of 1.257 ~1.413 in current status, and the stability decrease to 0.929~ 1.043 and 0.960 ~ 1.315 under the condition of rainfall and 7 ~ 9 degree earthquake, while the safty coefficient turn to 0.861 to 0.960 under the combined of earthquake and rainfall, and this means unstability. In order to validate the above mentioned results, the slice numerical solution method and the Monte-Carlo simulation method were combined to calculate the stability of the Changsheng-Hezan ancient landslide. The above calculation and analysis reveal that the selected location of Xialuoyu Bridge is appropriate with respect to the engineering geological conditions.
In order to guide the railway planning and engineering geological survey, this paper carry out the engineering geological condition zonation assumed the Jinsha River Bridge location were decided, Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS, which base on the platform of MapGIS 6.7 and ArcGIS 9.1. And terrain slope, engineering geological rock groups, slope structure, the Geo-hazards distribution, earthquake peak acceleration, active fault, tiny physiognomy, human activity, rainfall(main differences in vertical), and the distance to the drainges were selected as indices and quantified with expert opinions for the zonation. According to the GIS calculation, the study area is divided into 4 engineering geological classes: best, better, middle and poor. According to the zonation, the Xialuoyu Bridge mainly bridge over the better engineering geological area and the middle engineering geological area, which proves that the former analysis and calculation are reasonable. The techniques and methodology used in this study can be referenced when studying the similar engineering geological subjects in other regions.
本文在区域地质背景分析的基础上,阐述了研究区新构造运动和主要活动断裂的特征,认为对金沙江河谷段铁路工程建设存在影响的活动断裂主要有中甸断裂和龙蟠-乔后断裂。同时,根据金沙江河谷段的地形地貌、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、水文地质条件和地质灾害发育状况等因素分析,认为位于金沙江虎跳峡上峡口一带的下落鱼桥址工程地质条件相对较好。论文针对可能影响该桥位安全的河谷两岸高边坡及左岸桥位上游冷都复杂斜坡体的稳定性进行了深入研究。工程地质分析和弹塑性有限元模拟结果表明,在自重应力场作用和地震作用下,河谷左岸坡脚附近岩体内存在塑性区,右岸松散堆积体的下部也存在小范围的塑性区;在水库蓄水条件下,塑性区的位置集中分布在左岸库水位与边坡接触带附近。位于桥址上游的冷都复杂斜坡体,在空间上可分为三个部分:香格里拉三中-江口的斜坡带、长胜-核咱古滑坡发育区和石布各东北部的基岩发育区。作者采用瑞典条分法、简化Bishop法和Janbu法,对长胜-核咱古滑坡体在天然状况、地震作用、蓄水以及降雨作用等多种工况下的稳定性分别进行了计算分析。结果表明,该古滑坡体在目前状况下处于稳定状态,稳定系数为1.257～1.413,在降雨条件下稳定系数稍低,为0.929～1.043,在7～9级地震作用下该古滑坡体稳定系数值分布在0.960～1.315之间,但在地震和降雨联合作用下稳定性变得很差,稳定系数为0.861～0.960。为了验证上述结果,作者采用条分法数值解和Monte-Carlo模拟法相结合,对长胜-核咱古滑坡的可靠度进行了计算。通过上述计算和综合分析认为,从工程地质条件角度,下落鱼桥位基本上是适宜的。
为了更好地指导铁路规划和指导今后的工程地质勘察工作,在金沙江大桥桥位确定的基础上,采用基于GIS层次分析法原理。综合考虑地形坡度、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、地质灾害发育现状、地震动峰值加速度、活动断裂发育状况、微地貌类型、人类工程活动、降水量(主要考虑垂直降水量差别)、距离沟谷距离等10个方面的因素,在专家打分的基础上用层次分析法计算出各影响指标权重,借助MapGIS 6.7和ArcGIS 9.1软件平台,完成了研究区工程地质条件分区评价。将研究区划分为工程地质条件好、较好、中等和差4类。根据分区结果,下落鱼桥位主要通过工程地质条件较好和工程地质条件中等区,说明前文的分析和计算是正确的。本文所采用的技术方法和研究思路对其它地区相似工程地质问题的研究具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。
The Yunnan-Tibet railway is one of the most important planning railways of China. And it has been aparted to several subsections and each subsection will be constructed individiualy. The Jinsha River valley, which is on the route of the Lijiang– Shangrila subsection and the geological conditions are comparatively complex. How to bridging over and where to locate the bridge are the key issues which restrict the railway orientation. Therefore, this study selects the Jinsha River valley as the study area and applies multi-subjects theories and methods to assess the Jinsha River valley geological conditions, and analyses the slope stability of the potential bridge location as well.
Based on the analysis of the regional geological background, this paper reviews the features of the neotectonic movements and main active faults in the study area, and reveals that the Zhongdian fault and the Longpan-Qiaohou fault are the main active faults which to some extent affect the Jinsha River Bridge project. The analyses of the topography features, geological and hydrogeological conditions and the Geo-hazards distribution of the whole study area indicates that the engineering geological conditions of the Xialuoyu Bridge near the Shangxiakou of tiger leaping gorge is relative better. This paper lucubrate the stability of the high slopes of the valley and the Lengdu complex slope body which affect the bridge safty. Engineering geological analysis and the elastic-plastic finite element simulation results indicate that: 1) There is plastic zone in the left valley bottom slope with the effects of gravity and earthquake, and there is small plastic area at the lower part of the right valley loose debris; 2) When the portential downriver reservoir were on the high water level, the plastic location concentrates in the left side at the vicinity of the same hight of the water level. The Lengdu complex slope body can be divided into three parts: the slope section from the ShangriLa No.3 high school to the estuary, the ancient landslide section from Changsheng to Hezan, and the bedrock section at the Northeast of Shibuge. The author calculates and analyses the stability of the ancient landslide section from Changsheng to Hezan using the Swedish slice method, Janbu method and the simplified Bishop method, with the conditions of the current status, earthquake, water storage and rainfall. The quantitative calculation results show that the ancient landslides is stable and of high reliability with the safty coefficient of 1.257 ~1.413 in current status, and the stability decrease to 0.929~ 1.043 and 0.960 ~ 1.315 under the condition of rainfall and 7 ~ 9 degree earthquake, while the safty coefficient turn to 0.861 to 0.960 under the combined of earthquake and rainfall, and this means unstability. In order to validate the above mentioned results, the slice numerical solution method and the Monte-Carlo simulation method were combined to calculate the stability of the Changsheng-Hezan ancient landslide. The above calculation and analysis reveal that the selected location of Xialuoyu Bridge is appropriate with respect to the engineering geological conditions.
In order to guide the railway planning and engineering geological survey, this paper carry out the engineering geological condition zonation assumed the Jinsha River Bridge location were decided, Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS, which base on the platform of MapGIS 6.7 and ArcGIS 9.1. And terrain slope, engineering geological rock groups, slope structure, the Geo-hazards distribution, earthquake peak acceleration, active fault, tiny physiognomy, human activity, rainfall(main differences in vertical), and the distance to the drainges were selected as indices and quantified with expert opinions for the zonation. According to the GIS calculation, the study area is divided into 4 engineering geological classes: best, better, middle and poor. According to the zonation, the Xialuoyu Bridge mainly bridge over the better engineering geological area and the middle engineering geological area, which proves that the former analysis and calculation are reasonable. The techniques and methodology used in this study can be referenced when studying the similar engineering geological subjects in other regions.
引文
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