穿山龙皂甙酸解废水中鼠李糖的分离工艺
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摘要
鼠李糖是穿山龙提取薯蓣皂素时产生的副产物,存在于酸水解后的废液中。在现在皂素的生产过程中,鼠李糖是作为废水的一部分被排出,这不仅污染了环境,同时也造成了不必要的浪费。目前,已经有人从废水中提取葡萄糖,而事实上,L-鼠李糖价值要远远高于葡萄糖。
从皂甙酸解废水中提取鼠李糖,既处理了皂素生产废水,又可以得到高附加值的产品,并且经过工艺的改进,就可以实现以较低的消耗获得鼠李糖的目的,把治理污水的费用用于鼠李糖提取过程,既可以实现污水的低排放甚至零排放,又可以生产鼠李糖。
本研究先对穿山龙进行预处理得到酸解废水,然后通过对酸解废水进行中和、脱色、利用酵母菌去除葡萄糖后,经过过滤、浓缩、结晶,最终获得鼠李糖晶体。实验表明,采用磨碎过筛、离心沉淀、醇提,除去纤维素、水溶物、淀粉,得到总皂甙,酸水解总皂甙,过滤后直接得到皂甙元,滤液中和后,用酵母菌消耗葡萄糖,得到鼠李糖。分离鼠李糖的最佳条件为:每100 g鲜穿龙薯蓣的总皂甙使用0.5 mol/L的H_2SO_4 120 mL,0.14 Mpa下水解1h,酵母菌发酵时无需添加营养盐,发酵时间不少于17 h,鼠李糖的产率为0.196%。采用经薄层层析对鼠李糖定性,用DNS测定发酵液中鼠李糖具有准确性和易操作性。并就所得到的穿龙薯蓣提取皂素的新工艺,研究了该工艺所产生的固体废物污染和水污染情况。首先,用重量法对三种固体废物分别进行了测定,含量分别为原料重量的35.6%、24.4%、3.4%。固体废物弃置占用大量土地,污染环境,产生严重的环境危害,将固体废物分离后,探寻了各种固体废物的成分性质主要为纤维素、淀粉、木质素,并按照废物性质分别进行了资源化利用,建议纤维素类废物用于用于生产微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素等,淀粉类废物可以用于生产食品及进行微生物发酵,木质素类废物可以用于生产活性炭等。其次,对新工艺废水的各项指标进行测定,得到第一道废水COD_Cr为27876 mg/L,BOD_5为19791 mg/L,NH_3-N为86 mg/L,总磷为157 mg/L,SS为466 mg/L。第二道废水COD_Cr 21412 mg/L,BOD_5 14642 mg/L,NH_3-N 84 mg/L,总磷为28 mg/L,SS为374 mg/L,同时通过总量计算与传统工艺污染程度进行比较,得出新工艺总磷和色度减排达50%以上,废水总量、CODCr和悬浮物(SS)减排达70%以上,铵氮减排达83%,耗酸量减少85%,废水可生化性提高,易于生化处理。最后,分析了污染减轻的原因。总磷、色度、COD_Cr和铵氮污染减轻的原因在于工艺中间环节产生的固体废物带走了大部分此类污染,酸用量减少是由于分离出固体废物导致待水解的原料减量所致。
Rhamnose is a byproduct in the process of extracting diosgenin from the Dioscorea nipponica,existing in the waste liquid after hydrolyzing. In the present production process of saponin,rhamnose as part of the wastewater is discharged,which not only pollutes the environment,but also brings about an unnecessary waste. At present,glucose had been extracted from the wastewater. In fact,L-rhamnose is much more expensive than glucose.
Extracting rhamnose from the acid waste water can not only dispose wastewater, but also get high-value product. By improving technique,rhamnose can be obtained at a lower consumption. The fare for sewage treatment can be used to extract rhamnose from the wastewater,which can achieve low-effluent or zero-effluent discharge,and produce rhamnose at the same time.
The process for extracting rhamnose was studied. First get acidolysis wastewater after pretreating Dioscorea nipponica,and then dispose the acid wastewater by neutralization, decolorization,yeast for glucose removal,filtration,concentration,crystallization and, ultimately,rhamnose crystals can be got.
The fiber,water-soluble matter and starch were removed after grinding,filtrating,centrifuging,precipitating and alcohol-extracting so that total dioscin can be obtained. Then the total dioscin was hydrolyzed,filtrating,neutralizing,decoloring and eliminating the glucose in the filtration liquid with yeast. At last, the rhamnose was obtained.The optimal conditions for the isolation of rhamnose were:under 0.14 Mpa with 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid for 1 h,not add nutrition during yeast fermentation,not less than 17 h fermentation time. In this way,the yield rate of rhamnose was 0.196%. DNS method was accurate and convenient to measure the content of rhamnose in the fermentation liquid.The TLC analysis indicated that the product obtained was rhamnose.
At the same time,the pollution problems of the traditional diosgenin production were briefly discussed.In order to solve these problems,a new technique for extracting diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino was introduced and the pollution caused by the new technique was studied.Firstly,the solid wastes were weighted and their contents were 35.6%,24.4%,3.4% respectively.The wastewater concentrations were measured by Chinese standards. The first wastewater COD_Cr was 27876mg/L,BOD_5 19791 mg/L,NH_3-N 86 mg/L, total phosphorus 157 mg/L,SS 466 mg/L. The second wastewater CODCr was 21412 mg/L,
BOD_5 14642 mg/L,NH_3-N 84 mg/l,total phosphorus 28 mg/L,SS 374 mg/L. In addition,the wastewater pollution comparison was made between the new technique and the traditional one. The couclusion was as follows:total phosphorus and colority were decreased by about 50%;the water amount,COD_Cr and SS by more than 70%;NH_3-N and acid usage by 83% and 85% respectively;wastewater's biochemical ability was increased and became easy for biological treatment.Finally,some utilization measures were proposed to solve the solid waste pollution and the reasons for the wastewater pollution reduction were analyzed.
从皂甙酸解废水中提取鼠李糖,既处理了皂素生产废水,又可以得到高附加值的产品,并且经过工艺的改进,就可以实现以较低的消耗获得鼠李糖的目的,把治理污水的费用用于鼠李糖提取过程,既可以实现污水的低排放甚至零排放,又可以生产鼠李糖。
本研究先对穿山龙进行预处理得到酸解废水,然后通过对酸解废水进行中和、脱色、利用酵母菌去除葡萄糖后,经过过滤、浓缩、结晶,最终获得鼠李糖晶体。实验表明,采用磨碎过筛、离心沉淀、醇提,除去纤维素、水溶物、淀粉,得到总皂甙,酸水解总皂甙,过滤后直接得到皂甙元,滤液中和后,用酵母菌消耗葡萄糖,得到鼠李糖。分离鼠李糖的最佳条件为:每100 g鲜穿龙薯蓣的总皂甙使用0.5 mol/L的H_2SO_4 120 mL,0.14 Mpa下水解1h,酵母菌发酵时无需添加营养盐,发酵时间不少于17 h,鼠李糖的产率为0.196%。采用经薄层层析对鼠李糖定性,用DNS测定发酵液中鼠李糖具有准确性和易操作性。并就所得到的穿龙薯蓣提取皂素的新工艺,研究了该工艺所产生的固体废物污染和水污染情况。首先,用重量法对三种固体废物分别进行了测定,含量分别为原料重量的35.6%、24.4%、3.4%。固体废物弃置占用大量土地,污染环境,产生严重的环境危害,将固体废物分离后,探寻了各种固体废物的成分性质主要为纤维素、淀粉、木质素,并按照废物性质分别进行了资源化利用,建议纤维素类废物用于用于生产微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素等,淀粉类废物可以用于生产食品及进行微生物发酵,木质素类废物可以用于生产活性炭等。其次,对新工艺废水的各项指标进行测定,得到第一道废水COD_Cr为27876 mg/L,BOD_5为19791 mg/L,NH_3-N为86 mg/L,总磷为157 mg/L,SS为466 mg/L。第二道废水COD_Cr 21412 mg/L,BOD_5 14642 mg/L,NH_3-N 84 mg/L,总磷为28 mg/L,SS为374 mg/L,同时通过总量计算与传统工艺污染程度进行比较,得出新工艺总磷和色度减排达50%以上,废水总量、CODCr和悬浮物(SS)减排达70%以上,铵氮减排达83%,耗酸量减少85%,废水可生化性提高,易于生化处理。最后,分析了污染减轻的原因。总磷、色度、COD_Cr和铵氮污染减轻的原因在于工艺中间环节产生的固体废物带走了大部分此类污染,酸用量减少是由于分离出固体废物导致待水解的原料减量所致。
Rhamnose is a byproduct in the process of extracting diosgenin from the Dioscorea nipponica,existing in the waste liquid after hydrolyzing. In the present production process of saponin,rhamnose as part of the wastewater is discharged,which not only pollutes the environment,but also brings about an unnecessary waste. At present,glucose had been extracted from the wastewater. In fact,L-rhamnose is much more expensive than glucose.
Extracting rhamnose from the acid waste water can not only dispose wastewater, but also get high-value product. By improving technique,rhamnose can be obtained at a lower consumption. The fare for sewage treatment can be used to extract rhamnose from the wastewater,which can achieve low-effluent or zero-effluent discharge,and produce rhamnose at the same time.
The process for extracting rhamnose was studied. First get acidolysis wastewater after pretreating Dioscorea nipponica,and then dispose the acid wastewater by neutralization, decolorization,yeast for glucose removal,filtration,concentration,crystallization and, ultimately,rhamnose crystals can be got.
The fiber,water-soluble matter and starch were removed after grinding,filtrating,centrifuging,precipitating and alcohol-extracting so that total dioscin can be obtained. Then the total dioscin was hydrolyzed,filtrating,neutralizing,decoloring and eliminating the glucose in the filtration liquid with yeast. At last, the rhamnose was obtained.The optimal conditions for the isolation of rhamnose were:under 0.14 Mpa with 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid for 1 h,not add nutrition during yeast fermentation,not less than 17 h fermentation time. In this way,the yield rate of rhamnose was 0.196%. DNS method was accurate and convenient to measure the content of rhamnose in the fermentation liquid.The TLC analysis indicated that the product obtained was rhamnose.
At the same time,the pollution problems of the traditional diosgenin production were briefly discussed.In order to solve these problems,a new technique for extracting diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino was introduced and the pollution caused by the new technique was studied.Firstly,the solid wastes were weighted and their contents were 35.6%,24.4%,3.4% respectively.The wastewater concentrations were measured by Chinese standards. The first wastewater COD_Cr was 27876mg/L,BOD_5 19791 mg/L,NH_3-N 86 mg/L, total phosphorus 157 mg/L,SS 466 mg/L. The second wastewater CODCr was 21412 mg/L,
BOD_5 14642 mg/L,NH_3-N 84 mg/l,total phosphorus 28 mg/L,SS 374 mg/L. In addition,the wastewater pollution comparison was made between the new technique and the traditional one. The couclusion was as follows:total phosphorus and colority were decreased by about 50%;the water amount,COD_Cr and SS by more than 70%;NH_3-N and acid usage by 83% and 85% respectively;wastewater's biochemical ability was increased and became easy for biological treatment.Finally,some utilization measures were proposed to solve the solid waste pollution and the reasons for the wastewater pollution reduction were analyzed.
引文
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