液固混合介质隔振器动力学特性研究
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摘要
在低频重载隔振领域,现有隔振技术存在诸如承载能力低、隔振机理仍需研究、气体泄漏,性能不够稳定等问题。本文在国家自然科学基金“混合介质动力学机理及其应用研究”(批准号:10772080)和南京航空航天大学博士创新基金项目“高性能振动噪声隔振器研究”(批准号:BCXJ06-05)的资助下,提出一种基于液固混合介质的隔振方案,液固混合介质(Solid And Liquid Mixture,简称SALiM),是由一类几乎不可压缩液体和许多可压缩的弹性单元混合而成,当振动冲击发生时,不可压缩液体将动压力瞬间传递到容器的所有位置和方向,其中的单元体同时受压全部参与变形,因而能够高效吸收、损耗振动冲击能量。根据资料检索,本课题是个全新的研究。
在分析了SALiM各组成成分的功能、基本要求以及多种固体单元结构形式的基础上,以空心橡胶球作为固体单元,借助非线性连续介质力学,本文分析了单元体在有限变形情况下的受力与变形规律,求解了隔振系统非线性刚度,建立了SALiM隔振器的动力学模型;在试验建模方面,本文将非线性弹性恢复力模型和描述摩擦阻尼的Dahl模型结合起来对SALiM隔振器进行试验建模,较好地反映了隔振系统响应的非对称性。在动力学特性研究方面,利用多尺度法求解了隔振系统主共振频响方程,研究了其主共振稳定性,还进一步确定了SALiM隔振系统发生1/2亚谐共振的条件。在缓冲研究方面,本文研究了SALiM隔振器在典型冲击激励下的响应和缓冲性能,分析了隔振参数对其缓冲效果的影响,还通过冲击试验研究了SALiM隔振器的缓冲性能。在其他试验研究方面,本文用MTS准静态试验测试了隔振器的非线性刚度,和理论刚度进行了比较;扫频测试系统频响曲线,还实测了SALiM隔振器的加速度振级落差,评估了隔振系统的隔振能力。在数值研究方面,本文借助精细积分数值方法研究了SALiM隔振系统的超谐共振和亚谐共振分岔现象,并计算了表征非线性隔振系统隔振性能的能量传递率,最后还研究了亚谐共振对系统隔振能力的影响。
通过以上研究可知,SALiM隔振器的弹性恢复力可表示为活塞位移一次项、平方项和立方项的非线性函数,隔振器理论刚度和动力学模型与试验实测结果具有较好的一致性;研究表明SALiM隔振系统具有非线性软弹簧特性,且系统响应具有非对称性;能量传递率曲线表明SALiM隔振器具有优良的隔振效果,在研究的频率范围内,振级落差实测值达到15dB以上,说明其能轻松满足低频重载隔振要求;研究还表明,隔振系统发生亚谐共振后其隔振能力将明显下降,设计非线性隔振系统时,应该避免隔振系统的亚谐共振发生。
In the fields of vibration isolation for heavy equipment engineers are not satisfied with the existing isolation technologies which leaves much to be desired, such as small static load capability, lack of thorough understanding of working mechanism, difficult maintenance process, gas leakage, unstable performance and so on. This work is funded by the“Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Hybrid Liquid Medium”of Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 10772080) and the "Study of a High Performance Isolator" (Approval No.: BCXJ06-05) of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ph.D. Innovation Fund project. This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear isolator which is based on Solid And Liquid Mixture (SALiM). The SALiM mixture consists of incompressible liquid and a number of compressible elastic solid elements. When under shock or vibration, the incompressible liquid can instantly pass the pressure on to all the solid elements in the container of the isolator, which causes all the solid elements compressed and deformed simultaneously. As a result it could greatly absorb and dissipate the energy of vibrations and shocks. According to information retrieval, this subject is a completely new research.
Based on the analyses of the functions and basic requirements of the various components of SALiM and structures of solid elements, this work chooses the hollow rubber spheres as solid elements and uses nonlinear continuum mechanics theory to analyze the relationship between force and deformation of elements undergo finite deformation, the nonlinear stiffness and the dynamic model of the system are studied. In the aspect of experiment modeling,the model of nonlinear elastic restoring force and Dahl model which is used to describe friction damping are combined to build the identification model, the model can reflect asymmetric characteristic of system response. The theoretical dynamic model of SALiM system is used to solve the main resonance frequency response equation by multi-scale method. The main resonance stability is analyzed and the conditions of the vibration isolation system at 1/2 sub-harmonic resonance are defined by the multi-scale method. The responses and shock isolation performance of SALiM shock absorber are studied, and the buffer effects influenced by the isolation parameters are analyzed. And then, the properties of SALiM shock absorber are tested by the impact experiment. In the other experiments of SALiM isolator, the nonlinear stiffness of the isolator is tested by quasi-static experiment of MTS, which are compared with theoretical results. The measured FRF by the sweep measurement verify the system has a nonlinear soft spring characteristics. The performance of SALiM isolator is estimated by measurement of the vibration level difference. With numerical method of precise integration, the super-harmonic, sub-harmonic resonances of the system are analyzed. The frequency characteristics of the energy transmissibility which reflects the performance of nonlinear vibration isolation system are calculated. At last the isolation performance influenced by 1/2 sub-harmonic resonance of the system is analyzed.
The results show that the elastic restoring force of SALiM isolator is a nonlinear function containing once term, quadratic term and cube term of piston displacement. The theoretic stiffness and dynamic model indicate a good agreement with the measured data. The SALiM isolator has softening spring characteristics and unsymmetrical responses. The excellent performances of SALiM isolator are described by the energy transmissibility curves. The tested vibration level differences achieve 15dB in the frequency scopes of research. It is suitable for the heavy equipment with low natural frequencies. The results show that the properties of isolation go down if the sub-harmonic resonance of isolation system occurrs. Thereby, the sub-harmonic resonances of isolation system should keep from happening as the design of nonlinear isolation system.
在分析了SALiM各组成成分的功能、基本要求以及多种固体单元结构形式的基础上,以空心橡胶球作为固体单元,借助非线性连续介质力学,本文分析了单元体在有限变形情况下的受力与变形规律,求解了隔振系统非线性刚度,建立了SALiM隔振器的动力学模型;在试验建模方面,本文将非线性弹性恢复力模型和描述摩擦阻尼的Dahl模型结合起来对SALiM隔振器进行试验建模,较好地反映了隔振系统响应的非对称性。在动力学特性研究方面,利用多尺度法求解了隔振系统主共振频响方程,研究了其主共振稳定性,还进一步确定了SALiM隔振系统发生1/2亚谐共振的条件。在缓冲研究方面,本文研究了SALiM隔振器在典型冲击激励下的响应和缓冲性能,分析了隔振参数对其缓冲效果的影响,还通过冲击试验研究了SALiM隔振器的缓冲性能。在其他试验研究方面,本文用MTS准静态试验测试了隔振器的非线性刚度,和理论刚度进行了比较;扫频测试系统频响曲线,还实测了SALiM隔振器的加速度振级落差,评估了隔振系统的隔振能力。在数值研究方面,本文借助精细积分数值方法研究了SALiM隔振系统的超谐共振和亚谐共振分岔现象,并计算了表征非线性隔振系统隔振性能的能量传递率,最后还研究了亚谐共振对系统隔振能力的影响。
通过以上研究可知,SALiM隔振器的弹性恢复力可表示为活塞位移一次项、平方项和立方项的非线性函数,隔振器理论刚度和动力学模型与试验实测结果具有较好的一致性;研究表明SALiM隔振系统具有非线性软弹簧特性,且系统响应具有非对称性;能量传递率曲线表明SALiM隔振器具有优良的隔振效果,在研究的频率范围内,振级落差实测值达到15dB以上,说明其能轻松满足低频重载隔振要求;研究还表明,隔振系统发生亚谐共振后其隔振能力将明显下降,设计非线性隔振系统时,应该避免隔振系统的亚谐共振发生。
In the fields of vibration isolation for heavy equipment engineers are not satisfied with the existing isolation technologies which leaves much to be desired, such as small static load capability, lack of thorough understanding of working mechanism, difficult maintenance process, gas leakage, unstable performance and so on. This work is funded by the“Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Hybrid Liquid Medium”of Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 10772080) and the "Study of a High Performance Isolator" (Approval No.: BCXJ06-05) of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ph.D. Innovation Fund project. This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear isolator which is based on Solid And Liquid Mixture (SALiM). The SALiM mixture consists of incompressible liquid and a number of compressible elastic solid elements. When under shock or vibration, the incompressible liquid can instantly pass the pressure on to all the solid elements in the container of the isolator, which causes all the solid elements compressed and deformed simultaneously. As a result it could greatly absorb and dissipate the energy of vibrations and shocks. According to information retrieval, this subject is a completely new research.
Based on the analyses of the functions and basic requirements of the various components of SALiM and structures of solid elements, this work chooses the hollow rubber spheres as solid elements and uses nonlinear continuum mechanics theory to analyze the relationship between force and deformation of elements undergo finite deformation, the nonlinear stiffness and the dynamic model of the system are studied. In the aspect of experiment modeling,the model of nonlinear elastic restoring force and Dahl model which is used to describe friction damping are combined to build the identification model, the model can reflect asymmetric characteristic of system response. The theoretical dynamic model of SALiM system is used to solve the main resonance frequency response equation by multi-scale method. The main resonance stability is analyzed and the conditions of the vibration isolation system at 1/2 sub-harmonic resonance are defined by the multi-scale method. The responses and shock isolation performance of SALiM shock absorber are studied, and the buffer effects influenced by the isolation parameters are analyzed. And then, the properties of SALiM shock absorber are tested by the impact experiment. In the other experiments of SALiM isolator, the nonlinear stiffness of the isolator is tested by quasi-static experiment of MTS, which are compared with theoretical results. The measured FRF by the sweep measurement verify the system has a nonlinear soft spring characteristics. The performance of SALiM isolator is estimated by measurement of the vibration level difference. With numerical method of precise integration, the super-harmonic, sub-harmonic resonances of the system are analyzed. The frequency characteristics of the energy transmissibility which reflects the performance of nonlinear vibration isolation system are calculated. At last the isolation performance influenced by 1/2 sub-harmonic resonance of the system is analyzed.
The results show that the elastic restoring force of SALiM isolator is a nonlinear function containing once term, quadratic term and cube term of piston displacement. The theoretic stiffness and dynamic model indicate a good agreement with the measured data. The SALiM isolator has softening spring characteristics and unsymmetrical responses. The excellent performances of SALiM isolator are described by the energy transmissibility curves. The tested vibration level differences achieve 15dB in the frequency scopes of research. It is suitable for the heavy equipment with low natural frequencies. The results show that the properties of isolation go down if the sub-harmonic resonance of isolation system occurrs. Thereby, the sub-harmonic resonances of isolation system should keep from happening as the design of nonlinear isolation system.
引文
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