分形及小波分析在液压泵故障诊断中的应用研究
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摘要
液压系统以其功率大、响应快等优点在工程领域中得到了广泛应用，它在许多设备中起着核心的控制或传动作用。液压泵作为液压系统的“心脏”，它的工作条件最为恶劣，因此对液压泵的状态监测和故障诊断成为了保证液压系统正常运行的关键。近年来，混沌工程学成为工程领域广泛关注的课题，混沌分形理论的研究有助于揭示系统的内在规律性。论文将分形理论用于液压泵故障诊断研究中，计算出液压泵出口压力信号的关联维数。实验结果证明不同运行状态具有不同的关联维数，可以作为系统是否有故障发生的判断依据。
论文主要进行了以下几方面的工作：
(1) 对混沌的性质进行了详尽的描述，综述了混沌分形理论在故障诊断工程领域应用的新进展。阐述了关联维数分析方法(G-P算法)，并给出了该算法中各参数的选取原则。
(2) 阐述了小波分析的本质特征。将小波分析引入液压泵状态信号的处理中。通过对采样信号的多分辨率分解、阈值处理和重构，有效去除了系统中混杂的高频噪声，提取了故障的特征频率。
(3) 对虚拟仪器及其开发平台LabVIEW的特点进行了系统的归纳。编程上实现了LabVIEW和MATLAB的接口，采用混合编程，扩展了LabVIEW的功能。开发了虚拟混沌特性显示仪，对混沌方程进行特性分析。开发了基于相关平面法的运动形态辨识仪，对混沌及其它运动形态进行辨识。
(4) 利用LabVIEW编制了液压泵数据采集软件，并驱动NI数据采集卡，实现了液压泵信号的采集。
(5) 对采集的液压泵信号进行了分维数分析。实验结果分析表明，故障压力信号的关联维数低于正常信号的关联维数，可以作为故障发生与否的定量判据。
Hydraulic system has been extensively used by its excellence such as high power and quick response in engineering area and it plays an essential role in control and transmission of many equipments. The pump is the “heart” of the hydraulic system, and it has the severest working condition. So the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the pump is crucial for the hydraulic system. In recent years, the chaotic engineering is becoming the subject being paid attention abroad and the research on chaos and fractal can help to find out the internal regularity of system. In this paper, the fractal theory is applied in fault diagnosis of the pump and the correlation dimension of pump pressure signal is calculated. The results of test show that there is different correlation dimension in different working state, which can be a proof of whether fault occurs or not.
The main works in this dissertation are showed as follows.
(1) The feature of chaos is described in detail. New development of chaos and fractal in fault diagnosis field is summarized. The algorithm of correlation dimension (G-P algorithm) is expatiated and how to choose the parameter of it is given.
(2) The nature character of wavelet analysis is expatiated. Wavelet analysis method is used in the process of state signal of hydraulic pump. Through the multi-resolution decomposition, threshold value elimination and reconstruction, the high frequency noise in the system is excluded and the characteristic frequency of fault signal is abstracted.
(3) The feathers of virtual instrument and its development tool LabVIEW are summarized systematically. The interface of LabVIEW and MATLAB is programmed. This mixed programming extends the function of LabVIEW. The virtual chaos character shower is developed through which the chaos character is analyzed. The moving morphologic identifier based on the method of correlated plane is developed through which the moving morphologic of chaos is identified with others.
(4) LabVIEW is used to design the data acquisition software of hydraulic pump. With the soft the NI DAQ card is driven and the signal of hydraulic pump is measured.
(5) The obtained pressure signal of pump outlet is analyzed with fractal dimension. The calculated results show that the correlation dimension of fault signal is lower than that of normal signal. This conclusion can be a good quantitative evidence of whether fault occurs or not.
论文主要进行了以下几方面的工作：
(1) 对混沌的性质进行了详尽的描述，综述了混沌分形理论在故障诊断工程领域应用的新进展。阐述了关联维数分析方法(G-P算法)，并给出了该算法中各参数的选取原则。
(2) 阐述了小波分析的本质特征。将小波分析引入液压泵状态信号的处理中。通过对采样信号的多分辨率分解、阈值处理和重构，有效去除了系统中混杂的高频噪声，提取了故障的特征频率。
(3) 对虚拟仪器及其开发平台LabVIEW的特点进行了系统的归纳。编程上实现了LabVIEW和MATLAB的接口，采用混合编程，扩展了LabVIEW的功能。开发了虚拟混沌特性显示仪，对混沌方程进行特性分析。开发了基于相关平面法的运动形态辨识仪，对混沌及其它运动形态进行辨识。
(4) 利用LabVIEW编制了液压泵数据采集软件，并驱动NI数据采集卡，实现了液压泵信号的采集。
(5) 对采集的液压泵信号进行了分维数分析。实验结果分析表明，故障压力信号的关联维数低于正常信号的关联维数，可以作为故障发生与否的定量判据。
Hydraulic system has been extensively used by its excellence such as high power and quick response in engineering area and it plays an essential role in control and transmission of many equipments. The pump is the “heart” of the hydraulic system, and it has the severest working condition. So the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the pump is crucial for the hydraulic system. In recent years, the chaotic engineering is becoming the subject being paid attention abroad and the research on chaos and fractal can help to find out the internal regularity of system. In this paper, the fractal theory is applied in fault diagnosis of the pump and the correlation dimension of pump pressure signal is calculated. The results of test show that there is different correlation dimension in different working state, which can be a proof of whether fault occurs or not.
The main works in this dissertation are showed as follows.
(1) The feature of chaos is described in detail. New development of chaos and fractal in fault diagnosis field is summarized. The algorithm of correlation dimension (G-P algorithm) is expatiated and how to choose the parameter of it is given.
(2) The nature character of wavelet analysis is expatiated. Wavelet analysis method is used in the process of state signal of hydraulic pump. Through the multi-resolution decomposition, threshold value elimination and reconstruction, the high frequency noise in the system is excluded and the characteristic frequency of fault signal is abstracted.
(3) The feathers of virtual instrument and its development tool LabVIEW are summarized systematically. The interface of LabVIEW and MATLAB is programmed. This mixed programming extends the function of LabVIEW. The virtual chaos character shower is developed through which the chaos character is analyzed. The moving morphologic identifier based on the method of correlated plane is developed through which the moving morphologic of chaos is identified with others.
(4) LabVIEW is used to design the data acquisition software of hydraulic pump. With the soft the NI DAQ card is driven and the signal of hydraulic pump is measured.
(5) The obtained pressure signal of pump outlet is analyzed with fractal dimension. The calculated results show that the correlation dimension of fault signal is lower than that of normal signal. This conclusion can be a good quantitative evidence of whether fault occurs or not.
引文
周东华，叶银忠．现代故障诊断与容错控制．北京：清华大学出版社，2000：6
王晓麟，李朝晖．基于模型参考方法的闸门优化维护系统．水电自动化与大坝监测，2002，26(2)：19-23
姜万录．基于混沌性质和多分辨分析的故障诊断理论及实验研究．[燕山大学工学博士学位论文]．2001：140-148
时文刚，王日新，黄文虎．基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法．中国机械工程，2002，13(16)：1389-1391
石红雁，许纯新，瞿爱琴．液压系统故障诊断的高阶统计量模糊神经网络法．农业机械学报，2003，34(5)：119-122
华伟，胡军科，王华兵．液压故障诊断专家系统研究．机床与液压，2002，(6)：217-219
关新平，范正平，陈彩莲，等．混沌控制及其在保密通讯中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2002：1
L. Karimova1, N. Makarenko. Diagnosis of Stochastic Fields by the Mathematical Morphology and Computational Topology Methods. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2003, (502): 802-804
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姜万录，王益群，孔祥东．齿轮故障的混沌诊断识别方法．机械工程学报，1999，35(6)：44-47
Jiang Wanlu, Wang Yiqun, Zhang Shuqing. Chaos Theory Method for Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic Pump. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Harbin, 1999: 215-220
Chu F，Zhang Z. Bifurcation and Chaos in a Rub-impact Jeffcott Rotor Systems. Journal of
Sound and Vibration, 1998, 210(1): 1-18
David Logan, Joseph Mathew. Using The Correlation Dimension for Vibration Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearing-1. Basic Concepts Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1996, 10(3): 241-250
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夏勇，张振仁，商斌梁，等．多重分形维数谱及其在内燃机故障诊断中的应用．机械，2000，27，增刊：37-41，43
刘占生，刘成敏，刘树春，等．小波分析和分形几何在转子动静碰摩故障诊断中的应用．哈尔滨工业大学学报，1999，31(1)：55-56，92
顾菊平，秦申蓓，金龙，等．基于LabVIEW超声马达谐振频率的实验研究．中国电机工程学报，2003，23(8)：91-95
白鹏，王建华，刘君华．基于虚拟仪器的相位测量算法研究．电测与仪表，2002，39(440)：20-22，26
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许东双，孟庆春，张国胜．基于虚拟仪器概念的轧钢监测系统．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2002，22(3)：367-369
刘宗玉，陈明，王玮，等．基于虚拟仪器的惯导测试与故障诊断系统的设计．测控技术，2003，22(3)：51-53, 56
赵丽平，李群湛，陈小川．基于虚拟仪器的接触网故障测距装置．电力自动化设备，2003，23(4)：53-55
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姜万录．基于混沌性质和多分辨分析的故障诊断理论及实验研究．[燕山大学工学博士学位论文]．2001：140-148
时文刚，王日新，黄文虎．基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法．中国机械工程，2002，13(16)：1389-1391
石红雁，许纯新，瞿爱琴．液压系统故障诊断的高阶统计量模糊神经网络法．农业机械学报，2003，34(5)：119-122
华伟，胡军科，王华兵．液压故障诊断专家系统研究．机床与液压，2002，(6)：217-219
关新平，范正平，陈彩莲，等．混沌控制及其在保密通讯中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2002：1
L. Karimova1, N. Makarenko. Diagnosis of Stochastic Fields by the Mathematical Morphology and Computational Topology Methods. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2003, (502): 802-804
Keith Warren, Raymond C. Hawkins, Julien C. Sprott. Substance Abuse as a Dynamical Disease: Evidence and Clinical Implications of Nonlinearity in a Time Series of Daily Alcohol Consumption. Addictive Behaviors, 2003, (28): 369-374
王树禾．微分方程模型与混沌．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1999：429
姜万录，王益群，孔祥东．齿轮故障的混沌诊断识别方法．机械工程学报，1999，35(6)：44-47
Jiang Wanlu, Wang Yiqun, Zhang Shuqing. Chaos Theory Method for Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic Pump. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Harbin, 1999: 215-220
Chu F，Zhang Z. Bifurcation and Chaos in a Rub-impact Jeffcott Rotor Systems. Journal of
Sound and Vibration, 1998, 210(1): 1-18
David Logan, Joseph Mathew. Using The Correlation Dimension for Vibration Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearing-1. Basic Concepts Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1996, 10(3): 241-250
张雨．关联维分形与模糊聚类在柴油机工作状态监测中的应用．内燃机学报，1998，16(2)：208-213
夏勇，张振仁，商斌梁，等．多重分形维数谱及其在内燃机故障诊断中的应用．机械，2000，27，增刊：37-41，43
刘占生，刘成敏，刘树春，等．小波分析和分形几何在转子动静碰摩故障诊断中的应用．哈尔滨工业大学学报，1999，31(1)：55-56，92
顾菊平，秦申蓓，金龙，等．基于LabVIEW超声马达谐振频率的实验研究．中国电机工程学报，2003，23(8)：91-95
白鹏，王建华，刘君华．基于虚拟仪器的相位测量算法研究．电测与仪表，2002，39(440)：20-22，26
李大海，杨煜普．基于虚拟仪器技术的电力互感器谐波检测系统．测控技术，2003，22(2)：8-10
王执泉，许彦鑫．基于Web服务的虚拟仪器．仪表技术，2003，(2)：37-38
郭会军，贾惠芹，刘君华．基于ActiveX控件的网络虚拟仪器实验室．西安交通大学学报，2003，37(2)：219-220
许东双，孟庆春，张国胜．基于虚拟仪器概念的轧钢监测系统．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2002，22(3)：367-369
刘宗玉，陈明，王玮，等．基于虚拟仪器的惯导测试与故障诊断系统的设计．测控技术，2003，22(3)：51-53, 56
赵丽平，李群湛，陈小川．基于虚拟仪器的接触网故障测距装置．电力自动化设备，2003，23(4)：53-55
谢志萍，许明恒．虚拟仪器在QCS003A液压实验台中的应用．机械，2003，30(2)：65-67
高亚东，傅周东．基于虚拟仪器的液压元件通用测试系统．液压与气动，2003，(4)：35-37
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