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论民国海派家具风格的成因
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摘要
19世纪末20世纪初的中国社会经历着前所未有的巨变,列强的坚船利炮冲击了延续两千多年的封建制度,屈辱与磨难没有磨平中国人的意志,反而重新摸索前进的方向,这一百多年的风云变幻与艰难求索最终推动了新中国的诞生。无疑这一百多年是值得纪念与研究的,人们只有踏着历史的足迹才能继续前行。如今留下来的实物是那个时代的最好见证,建筑是凝固的历史博物馆,而家具是这座博物馆最主要的内容之一。通过研究这一时期的家具不仅可以探寻在中国家具发展史上有着重要过渡作用的民国家具形制和风格特点,而且可以从民国家具的发展轨迹分析出该时期的社会现象,这才是历史实物的价值所在。中国近代家具虽然从清末就开始出现变化,但是在民国时期最为明显,形成了一般稳定的特征,尤以上海地区的海派家具最具代表性。本文主要论述海派家具风格的形成原因,从微观的角度分析社会的巨变对家具形制的影响。
     本文在广泛搜集各种历史文献资料的基础上,细致考察实物资料及实地拍摄图片资料,并结合前人的研究成果,主要采用比较和类比的方法,从民国审美风尚的改变、民国居住环境的改变、海派家具制作工艺技术与材料的改变三个方面对海派家具风格的成因进行分析。家具作为一种商品,必须符合市场的需求,民众生活方式和审美观念直接影响着家具的风格,民国时期出现的各种新气象、新习俗都是海派家具风格形成的直接推手,居住环境的变化与工艺技术的改进是海派家具风格得以形成的基础。海派家具以其兼容并蓄,勇于创新的精神形成了美观实用、多元融合的独特风格,在对西方家具风格的吸收和融合中,尽管有其消极的一面,但也有将西方元素与中国传统元素相融合的成功实例,适应了时代的需求,是一种积极的探索和变革,对其进行研究和分析,可以作为现代家具设计的借鉴依据,从文化传承的意义上说更是如此。
The late 19th and early 20th century, Chinese social experiencing unprecedented change, Western culture impact the continuation of powers over 2,000 years of humiliation of the feudal system and the tribulation of the Chinese will not grinding flat, but to grope in the direction of more than 100 years, this the changeable and hardship searchs the birth of the new ultimately drive.Its no doubt a hundred years is worth to commemorate and study, only people stepping history footprint to continued. Now stay real is the best witness to that age, the building is the history museum, and solidifying the museum is one of the most important contents. Through the research of this one period furniture,not only can explore in Chinese furniture has an important role in the history of the transition, and furniture style characteristic shape from the development track of the analysis of the main furniture of this time social phenomenon, this is the historical forms of value. Modern Chinese furniture although qing dynasty began to appear from changes, but most obvious in minguo period, formed generally stable feature, especially in Shanghai area most representative Shanghai style furniture. This paper mainly discusses the reasons for the formation of Shanghai style furniture style from microcosmic Angle analysis, the change of social influence of to furniture shape.
     The Reseach Based on widely collected various historical literature, meticulous investigation based on real material and field image data and combining previous research achievements, mainly USES the method of comparison and analogy, republic of china of aesthetic fashion from the residential environment change, republic of china of Shanghai style furniture production technology and material change three aspects in the cause of Shanghai style furniture style is analyzed. Furniture as a commodity, must meet the demand of the market, people life style and aesthetic idea directly influences the style of furniture, appear during the period of the republic of china of new atmosphere, new customs formation of Shanghai style furniture style is direct push, living environment change and technology improvement is Shanghai furniture style became formed the foundation. Shanghai furniture with its eclectic, innovative spirit formed a beautiful and practical, multiple fusion's unique style of western furniture style in the absorption and fusion, despite its negative side, there are will western elements and combines Chinese traditional elements of the successful example, adapted the demand of The Times, is a kind of active exploration and innovation, conducts the research and analysis, can be used as a reference of modem furniture design, from the cultural inheritance sense is even more so.
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