拉萨市生态服务功能价值评估及生态功能区划
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摘要
近年来,随着全球生态环境的恶化、自然资源的耗竭,人类活动导致了全球性生态系统的退化,并对生态系统服务造成了重大影响。生态系统服务功能及其价值评估是实现生态系统科学经营管理和自然资源可持续利用的重要基础。生态功能区划在资源合理开发利用、生态环境保护、生产生活环境改善、人们生活水平和生存质量提高、区域可持续发展能力与竞争能力增强方面,可以发挥着积极的作用。拉萨市是西藏自治区重要的区域,其生态功能的退化将制约拉萨市经济的可持续发展。
本文以拉萨市为研究区域,对该地区内的生态系统服务功能进行了分析和价值评估;并在此基础上,提出生态区划方案。结果如下:
1.通过本文对拉萨市生态服务功能的研究评估,拉萨市生态系统每年提供的生态系统服务功能价值为187.06×10~8元。各生态系统服务功能总价值的关系是:森林生态系统>草地生态系统>水体生态系统>湿地生态系统>荒漠生态系统>农田生态系统。拉萨市生态系统各生态服务功能的重要性,由大到小依次为水源涵养价值、废物处理价值、土壤形成与保护价值、生物多样性保护价值、气体调节价值、气候调节价值、娱乐休闲价值、原材料价值、食物生产价值。拉萨市生态系统在娱乐休闲价值、原材料价值、食物生产价值方面生态服务功能价值过低,这是下一阶段城市生态规划与景观建设中需要重点保障的生态系统服务功能。本研究揭示出拉萨市生态系统蕴藏巨大经济价值,这对于人们改变生态系统价值观念,增强环境保护意识,促进拉萨生态城市的建设具有积极推动作用。
2.通过对拉萨市现有生态环境状况和政策实施情况的掌握及在拉萨市生态系统服务评估和环境综合评价的基础上,对拉萨市进行了生态功能区划分,共划分为3个生态亚区,9个生态功能区,并根据各功能区的生态环境特点、主要生态环境问题和主导生态功能,提出了各生态功能区保护与建设的重点、目标和措施,并指出了各功能区的发展方向,为下一步生态保护规划和区域可持续发展提供了重要的参考依据。
In recent years, with the deterioration of global ecological environment and depletion of natural resources, the human population has grown and the power of technology has expanded, the scope and nature of this modification has changed drastically. Many ecosystems and their services are dominated directly by humanity. Economic valuation of ecosystem services is the base of scientific managing ecosystem and sustainable using natural resources. Lhasa city is one of the most important Eco-functional districts of Tibet. The ecosystem degeneration results in serious effect to regional economic sustainable development. Ecological function regionalization play an active role in many aspects,including rational development and utilization of resources, protect of environment, improvement of production and living environment, raising of people’s living standard and life quality, ability to regional sustainable development and enhancement of competitiveness.
The Paper analyzes and valuates the ecosystem service of Lhasa city. Base on this, the project of ecological function regionalization is put forward. The main contents are as follows:
Fist, In This paper, the result s indicated that ecosystem services value of Lhasa is some18706.2×10~6 Yuan annually. Each ecosystem showed the importance in ecosystem service as forest > grass > water >wetland >desert >farmland. The ecosystem function ranked in decreasing order of importance as follow: water conservation、waste treatment、soil formation and disposition、biodiversity、pneumatic control、climates adjusting、tourism、raw materials manufacture、food. The value of ecosystem service function of tourism、raw materials manufacture and food function was relatively low. Thus, city planning and landscape architecture should pay much attention to these ecosystem service functions in future. Ecosystem has immensely economic value, which can modify people value, strengthen environmental protection awareness, and promote the construction of Lhasa city. Second, through estimating the ecosystem service and valuating the regional present situation of the Lhasa city, have the quantitative grasp about the present ecological environment condition and policy-carry out condition of Lhasa city. Based on the as above assessment,three sub-eco-regions,9eco-functional zones were subdivided. For every ecological function zones , specific eco- environmental characteristies , major eco- environmental problems and dominant ecological function are illustrated.The result made the goals of eco-protection and eco-construction clear,and shown the develop aspects of every eco-functional zones. Moreover,the result provided some good idea and scientificreference for future eco-plan and economic development of Lhasa.
本文以拉萨市为研究区域,对该地区内的生态系统服务功能进行了分析和价值评估;并在此基础上,提出生态区划方案。结果如下:
1.通过本文对拉萨市生态服务功能的研究评估,拉萨市生态系统每年提供的生态系统服务功能价值为187.06×10~8元。各生态系统服务功能总价值的关系是:森林生态系统>草地生态系统>水体生态系统>湿地生态系统>荒漠生态系统>农田生态系统。拉萨市生态系统各生态服务功能的重要性,由大到小依次为水源涵养价值、废物处理价值、土壤形成与保护价值、生物多样性保护价值、气体调节价值、气候调节价值、娱乐休闲价值、原材料价值、食物生产价值。拉萨市生态系统在娱乐休闲价值、原材料价值、食物生产价值方面生态服务功能价值过低,这是下一阶段城市生态规划与景观建设中需要重点保障的生态系统服务功能。本研究揭示出拉萨市生态系统蕴藏巨大经济价值,这对于人们改变生态系统价值观念,增强环境保护意识,促进拉萨生态城市的建设具有积极推动作用。
2.通过对拉萨市现有生态环境状况和政策实施情况的掌握及在拉萨市生态系统服务评估和环境综合评价的基础上,对拉萨市进行了生态功能区划分,共划分为3个生态亚区,9个生态功能区,并根据各功能区的生态环境特点、主要生态环境问题和主导生态功能,提出了各生态功能区保护与建设的重点、目标和措施,并指出了各功能区的发展方向,为下一步生态保护规划和区域可持续发展提供了重要的参考依据。
In recent years, with the deterioration of global ecological environment and depletion of natural resources, the human population has grown and the power of technology has expanded, the scope and nature of this modification has changed drastically. Many ecosystems and their services are dominated directly by humanity. Economic valuation of ecosystem services is the base of scientific managing ecosystem and sustainable using natural resources. Lhasa city is one of the most important Eco-functional districts of Tibet. The ecosystem degeneration results in serious effect to regional economic sustainable development. Ecological function regionalization play an active role in many aspects,including rational development and utilization of resources, protect of environment, improvement of production and living environment, raising of people’s living standard and life quality, ability to regional sustainable development and enhancement of competitiveness.
The Paper analyzes and valuates the ecosystem service of Lhasa city. Base on this, the project of ecological function regionalization is put forward. The main contents are as follows:
Fist, In This paper, the result s indicated that ecosystem services value of Lhasa is some18706.2×10~6 Yuan annually. Each ecosystem showed the importance in ecosystem service as forest > grass > water >wetland >desert >farmland. The ecosystem function ranked in decreasing order of importance as follow: water conservation、waste treatment、soil formation and disposition、biodiversity、pneumatic control、climates adjusting、tourism、raw materials manufacture、food. The value of ecosystem service function of tourism、raw materials manufacture and food function was relatively low. Thus, city planning and landscape architecture should pay much attention to these ecosystem service functions in future. Ecosystem has immensely economic value, which can modify people value, strengthen environmental protection awareness, and promote the construction of Lhasa city. Second, through estimating the ecosystem service and valuating the regional present situation of the Lhasa city, have the quantitative grasp about the present ecological environment condition and policy-carry out condition of Lhasa city. Based on the as above assessment,three sub-eco-regions,9eco-functional zones were subdivided. For every ecological function zones , specific eco- environmental characteristies , major eco- environmental problems and dominant ecological function are illustrated.The result made the goals of eco-protection and eco-construction clear,and shown the develop aspects of every eco-functional zones. Moreover,the result provided some good idea and scientificreference for future eco-plan and economic development of Lhasa.
引文
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